Estuda-se a influência da vida média de estados-furo internos oriundos de espalhamento nuclear quase-livre, sobre as distribuições de momentum correspondentes. A equação de Schrödinger para estados ligados sob a ação de potenciais complexos é transformada em um sistema equivalente (parte real e parte imaginário) e um método de aproximações sucessivasé utilizado para resolver o problema. O método iterativo proposto é aplicado a estados-furo 1s em núcleos de camadas 1p e 2s-1d, simulando a interação imaginária com potenciais proporcionais a densidades de probabilidade de posição das partículas nucleares menos ligadas do que o estado-furo e com potenciais que representem efeitos limites superficiais e de agregação central. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a influência da largura dos estados-furo sobre as distribuições de momentum é fortemente dependente de modelo. / The influence of the lifetime of internai hole-states resulting from nuclear quasi-fres scattering on the corresponding momentum distributions is studied. The Schredinger equation for bound states, with a complex potential, is transformed into an equivalent system (real and imaginary parts) and a method of successive approximations is used to solve the system. The proposed iterative method is applied to 1s hole-states in 1p and 2s-1d shell nuclei, simulating the imaginary interaction by potentials proportional to position probability densities of nuclear particles less bound than the hole-state and with potentials that represent mainly superficial and core effects. The obtained results show that the influence of the width of hole-states on the momentum distribution is strongly model dependent.

Estudamos as bandas de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (PAHs), linhas iônicas e contínuo de uma amostra composta por 98 galáxias com núcleo ativo (AGNs) e 88 galáxias Starburst (SB) usando espectros na região do infravermelho médio (MIR) observados com o telescópio espacial Spitzer. A forma do contínuo dessas galáxias aumenta para comprimentos de ondas maiores (_ 15μm) e segue uma distribuição de corpo-negro com temperaturas T_150 - 300K. As bandas de PAHs em 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3, 12.7μm e linhas em emissão de [Si ii] 34.8μm, [Ar ii] 6.9μm, [S iii] 18.7 e 33.4μm são detectadas em todas as galáxias SB e em _80% das galáxias Seyfert 2. Considerando apenas os PAHs em 7.7μm, 11.3μm e 12.7μm, encontramos que elas estão presentes em 80% das Seyfert 1, enquanto que apenas _50% delas apresentam as bandas de PAHs em 6.2μm e 8.6μm. As razões das bandas de PAHs neutros para ionizados (6.2μm/7.7μm×11.3μm/7.7μm) foram comparados com modelos teóricos e mostraram que as moléculas de PAHs em AGNs são maiores (> 180 átomos de carbono) que nas galáxias SB, além disso, os AGNs possuem alta fração de PAHs ionizados, enquanto que nas galáxias SB os PAHs tem baixo grau de ionização. Os valores da razão 7.7μm/11.3μm são aproximadamente constantes com o aumento de [Ne iii] 15.5μm/[Ne ii] 12.8μm, indicando que a fração das bandas de PAHs ionizados para neutros não depende da dureza do campo de radiação. Entretanto, as larguras equivalentes de ambos os PAHs diminuem com [Ne iii]/[Ne ii], sugerindo que as moléculas de PAHs, ionizadas (7.7μm) ou neutras (11.3μm), podem ser destruídas com o aumento da dureza do campo de radiação. Analisamos espectros com alta resolução espacial na banda N, observados com o Thermal- Region Camera Spectrograph (T-ReCS) e Michelle instalados nos telescópios Gemini, e comparamos com dados do Spitzer. Encontramos que AGNs com formação estelar circum-nuclear possuem bandas de PAHs e AGNs com intensa emissão de raio-X apresentam profunda absorção de silicato em 9.7μm. Também vemos que os espectros observados com o Gemini tem o mesmo comportamento que aqueles observados com o Spitzer. Entretanto, as bandas de PAHs nos dados do Spitzer são mais intensas que nos dados do Gemini. Além disso, existe emissão de PAHs próximo do núcleo ativo da NGC1808 (_ 26 pc), sugerindo que essas moléculas poderiam sobreviver próximas do AGN. Também realizamos um estudo com espectro no MIR, das galáxias Seyfert 2 NGC3281 e Mrk 3 classificadas como Compton-thick, obtidos com o T-ReCS e Michelle. Ambos espectros apresentam absorção de silicato em 9.7μm e linhas em emissão do [S iv] 10.5μm e [Ne ii] 12.7μm, porém, os espectros dessas galáxias não apresentam bandas de PAHs. Inferimos que a extin¸c˜ao no visual dessas gal´axias ´e AV _83mag (NGC3281) e AV _5.5mag (Mrk 3). Descrevemos os espectros nucleares dessas galáxias usando modelos de torus formados por nuvens. Os resultados sugerem que o núcleo dessas galáxias possui uma estrutura toroidal composta por poeira. Entretanto, as propriedades físicas do torus de NGC3281 e Mrk 3 são muito diferentes. Em NGC3281 o torus tem um raio de R0 _11 pc, 10 nuvens no equador, _V =40mag cada e estaríamos olhando na direção do equador (i = 60_). Na Mrk 3 o torus tem R0 _34 pc, 14 nuvens com _V =30mag e i = 90_. Usando estes modelos determinamos os valores da densidade colunar de hidrogênio (NH > 1024 cm−2) que são similares as inferidas a partir de dados do raio-X, que classificaram as galáxias NGC3281 e Mrk 3 como fontes Compton-thick. Este fato pode indicar que o material que absorve luz em raio-X também pode ser o responsável pela absorção em 9.7μm, além disso, também mostra uma forte evidência que a poeira de silicato, responsável por essa absorção, está localizada no torus. / We study polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bands, ionic emission lines, and mid-infrared (MIR) continuum properties in a sample of 98 active galactic nucleus (AGNs) and 88 Starburst (SB) with Spitzer spectra. The continuum rises steeply for longer wavelengths ( 15μm) and follow a warm blackbody distribution of T 150 - 300K. The brightest PAH spectral bands (6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3, and 12.7μm) and the forbidden emission lines [Si ii] 34.8μm, [Ar ii] 6.9μm [S iii] 18.7 and 33.4μm were detected in all the SB and in 80% of the Seyfert 2s. Considering only the PAH bands at 7.7μm, 11.3μm, and 12.7μm, we find that they are present in 80% of the Seyfert 1s, but only half of them shows the 6.2μm and 8.6μm PAH bands. The observed intensity line ratios for neutral and ionized PAHs (6.2μm/7.7μm×11.3μm/7.7μm) were compared to theoretical ratios, showing that AGNs have higher ionization fraction and larger PAH molecules (> 180 carbon atoms) than SB galaxies. The ratios between the ionized (7.7μm) and the neutral PAH bands (8.6μm and 11.3μm) are distributed over different ranges in AGNs and SB galaxies, suggesting that these ratios depend on the ionization fraction, and on the hardness of the radiation field. The ratio between the 7.7μm and 11.3μm bands is nearly constant with the increase of [Ne iii] 15.5μm/[Ne ii] 12.8μm, indicating that the fraction of ionized to neutral PAH bands does not depend on the hardness of the radiation field. The equivalent widths of both PAH features show the same dependence (strongly decreasing) with [Ne iii]/[Ne ii], suggesting that the PAH molecules, emitting either ionized (7.7μm) or neutral (11.3μm) bands, may be destroyed with the increase of the hardness of the radiation field. We investigate Seyfert galaxies that are powered by starburst and AGN emission using N band high resolution spectra taken with the Thermal-Region Camera Spectrograph (T-ReCS) and Michelle at the Gemini South and North telescopes. Also, Spitzer observations including emission of the nucleus and most of the host galaxy are compared with Gemini spectra of the nuclear region. We find that AGNs with circum-nuclear star formation show stronger PAHs than those with hard X-ray emission, the latter presenting deep silicate features at 9.7μm. We also find that Gemini spectra follow the same feature observed in Spitzer spectra. However, Spitzer data show stronger PAH bands than Gemini’s. In addition, we find PAH bands close ( 26 pc) to the NGC1808 active nucleus, suggesting that these molecules survive near an AGN. We also analyse MIR spectra of the Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxies NGC3281 and Mrk 3, obtained with T-ReCS and Michelle. Both spectra present silicate absorption at 9.7μm, as well as [S iv] 10.5μm and [Ne ii] 12.7μm ionic lines, but with no evidence of PAH emission. We find that the nuclear optical extinctions are AV 83mag (NGC3281) and AV 5.5mag (Mrk 3). We describe their nuclear spectra with a clumpy torus model. However, the torus physical properties in NGC3281 and Mrk 3 are very different. While in NGC3281 the torus has a radius of R0 11 pc, 10 clouds in the equatorial radius with optical depth of V =40mag each, and we would be looking in the direction of the torus equatorial radius (i = 60 ), in Mrk 3 it has R0 34 pc, 14 clouds in the equator with each cloud having V =30mag. In addition, according to these models, Mrk 3 torus would be “edge-on” with observer angle equal i = 90. Using silicate absorption modeling with a clumpy torus model we also retrieve the values of hydrogen column density (NH > 1024 cm−2) that classify NGC3281 and Mrk 3 as Compton-thick sources from X-ray data. Our findings indicate that the X-ray absorbing column densities, which classify NGC3281 and Mrk 3 as a Compton-thick sources, may also be responsible for the absorption at 9.7μm, providing strong evidence that the silicate dust responsible for this absorption is located in the AGN torus.

Les adénovirus (AdV), comme d'autres virus à réplication nucléaire, ont besoin d’arriver jusqu’aunoyau cellulaire afin de libérer leur génome. Pour ce faire, les particules des AdV contenant l’ADNviral sont transportées jusqu’au complexe du pore nucléaire (NPC), via le centre d’organisation desmicrotubules, par un mécanisme encore mal compris qui implique l’exportine cellulaire CRM1. Lacapside des AdV dépasse la taille limite d’entrée dans le noyau, et par conséquent, elle doit êtredésassemblée au niveau du NPC. Le mécanisme d’import de molécules d’ADN n’est pas un processusphysiologique. Pour cela, les AdV doivent détourner la machinerie cellulaire afin d’importer leurgénome dans le noyau. Le NPC est un complexe de protéines appelées nucléoporines. LaNup358/RanBP2, principal composant des filaments cytoplasmiques, sert de plateforme de liaison àdes karyopherines (e.g Importin-β, CRM1) et à la protéine GTPase Ran. Les karyopherinesreconnaissent des signaux spécifiques présents dans les cargos et facilitent leur transport d’unemanière très régulée dépendante de RanGTP. Nous avons constaté que l’import du génome AdV estmoins efficace en l’absence de Nup358. Dans ces conditions, nous avons observé que certaineskaryopherines deviennent limitantes pour l’import du génome viral, et identifié la région minimale deNup358 requise pour compenser ce défaut. D’autre part, nous avons confirmé l’implication de CRM1dans l’arrivé des particules virales au noyau et identifié un nouveau rôle de CRM1 dans ledésassemblage de la capside des AdV. Ces travaux contribuent à mieux connaître le mécanismed’entrée du génome AdV dans le noyau et donnent une idée de la façon dont les virus peuventcontourner la machinerie de transport cellulaire pour leur propre bénéfice. / Nuclear delivery of viral genomes is an essential step for nuclear replicating DNA viruses such asAdenovirus (AdV). AdV particles reach the nuclear pore complex (NPC) in the form of genomecontaining, partially disassembled capsids, through a poorly understood CRM1-dependent mechanism.These capsids exceed the NPC size limit and therefore, they must disassemble at the NPC to releasethe viral genome. Nuclear import of DNA cargos is not a physiological process. Consequently, AdVneed to divert the cellular transport machinery for nuclear genome delivery. The NPC is a multiproteincomplex consisting of nucleoporins (Nups). The Nup358/RanBP2 is the major component ofthe cytoplasmic filaments of the NPC and serves as binding platform for factors includingkaryopherins (i.e Importin-β, CRM1) and the small GTPase Ran. Selective transport of cargo throughthe NPC is mediated by karyopherins, which recognize specific signals within the cargos and facilitatetheir transport in a RanGTP-dependent regulated manner. We identified that Nup358-depleted cellsreduce nuclear import efficiency of the AdV genome. Indeed, we observed that karyopherins are ratelimitingfor AdV genome import under these conditions and we mapped the minimal region ofNup358 necessary to compensate the import defect. On the other hand, we could confirm therequirement of CRM1 in nuclear targeting of AdV capsids and identified and additional role inmediating AdV capsid disassembly. This work helps to understand the strategy used by AdV todeliver their genome and gives insight about how viruses hijack the cellular transport machinery fortheir own benefit.

This Master’s thesis deals with working on development kit, which is used for RC ship model. The basis are programmable Nucleo STM32 microcontrollers, to which other used modules are connected. The goal is to test each component and create system for navigation of the ship and wireless communication between controller and ship. GPS module and compass are used to navigate and determine the direction of the ship. Controller and ship can communicate through bidirectional wireless modules with antenna. The RC ship model can be switched between manual and autonomous modes. The main result of this thesis is autonomous movement of the ship on to a predetermined GPS coordinates and parallel communication with the user.

Modern medicinering medför att patienter kan behandlas mer effektivt om den tas pårätt sätt. När patienter själva ansvarar för sin medicinering kan den feldoseras ellerglömmas bort, vilket ändrar förutsättningar för dess inverkan. Glömska kombineradmed sinnesnedsättningar försvårar för patienten att sköta sin medicinering.Lösningen på detta problem är idag utökad hemvård där vårdpersonal hjälper patientenatt ta rätt medicin vid rätt tidpunkt. En teknisk lösning kan vara ett inbyggt systemsom påminner patienten, sparar missade doseringar och kan därmed ge mer informationtill läkare som då kan göra mer välgrundade beslut för fortsatt vård.Resultaten visar att en dosettask kan användas för att påminna patienter att ta sinmedicin och skicka missad dosering med närfältskommunikation. Som mikrokontrolleranvändes en STM32 Nucleo, med en tillståndsmaskin som mjukvarulösning. I vidarestudier kan ett realtidsoperativsystem användas. Systemet programmerades medArduinos utvecklingsmiljö, men ett alternativ är IAR. Projektets prototyp kunde medde flesta modulerna uppnå specifikationens batteritid, utöver ljudmodulen som användes.För att komma fram till detta resultat skapades två teoretiska extremfall därprototypen testades.Dosettasken kan leda till minskat pillersvinn och en lägre kostnad då färre hembesökkrävs. Dessutom resulterar detta i ökad självständighet för patienten. Dessa faktorerleder till att dosettasken bidrar till en ökad hållbar utveckling. / Modern medication allows patients to be treated more efficiently if taken properly.When patients themselves are responsible for their medication, it can be wronglydosed or forgotten, which changes the conditions for its effects. Forgetfulness combinedwith impaired senses make it difficult for the patient to take care of his medication.The solution to this problem today is increased home care, where healthcare professionalshelp patients to take the right medication at the right time. A technical solutioncan be an embedded system that reminds the patient, saves missed dosages, and canprovide more information to doctors who can make more informed decisions for furthercare.The results show that a pill dispenser can be used to remind patients to take their medicationand send missed dosages with near field communication. As a microcontroller,a STM32 Nucleo was used, with a state machine as software solution. In further studies,a real-time operating system can be used. The system was programmed with Arduino'sdevelopment environment, but an alternative is IAR. The prototype of the projectcould achieve the specifications battery life with most modules, except to thesound module used. To achieve this result, two theoretical extremes were created inwhich the prototype was tested.The pill dispenser can lead to reduced waste of pills and a lower cost, as fewer homevisits are required. In addition, this results in increased independence for the patient.These factors cause the pill dispenser to contribute to increased sustainable development.

[pt] Nesse trabalho usamos um modelo DSGE de preços rígidos para estudar os efeitos de uma regra monetária que reage a mudanças no núcleo de inflação ao invés da inflação cheia. Começamos discutindo as dificuldades de inclusão das medidas de núcleo em nosso modelo DSGE e apresentamos uma solução viável. Com base em uma versão estilizada do modelo, mostramos que as volatilidades do núcleo e inflação cheia podem variar bastante dependendo da regra monetária adotada. Os resultados são interpretados em função da contribuição de choques agregados e setoriais na variância do núcleo e inflação cheia. A seguir conduzimos um exercício quantitativo com foco na Austrália. O interesse no último deriva da nossa percepção de que a autoridade monetária australiana começou a responder aos movimentos do núcleo de inflação por volta de 2007. Entretanto, nosso modelo calibrado não é capaz de reproduzir o comportamentos das medidas de inflação depois de 2007. / [en] We use a multi-sector sticky-price DSGE model to study the effects of a monetary rule that responds to changes in the underlying measure of inflation as opposed to headline inflation. We discuss the difficulties of including the underlying measure in our DSGE model and present a feasible solution. Using a stylized version of the model, we show that headline/underlying volatilities can experience significant changes under a policy rule that reacts to the underlying measure. The results are interpreted on the basis of the relevance of aggregate and sectoral shocks to headline and underlying inflation. We then conduct a quantitative exercise focused on Australia. The interest in the latter comes from our belief that monetary authority actually started to react to underlying inflation around 2007. We find that the calibrated model is not able to reproduce the behavior of headline/underlying inflation after 2007.

[pt] Esta dissertação apresenta um modelo de programação linear para mercados virtuais, que tem como objetivo principal incentivar vendedores a oferecerem preços mais baixos e compradores a pagarem mais pelos produtos. Esse incentivo é feito através de compensações aos participantes do mercado que agirem desta forma. O modelo funciona basicamente como um leilão bi-lateral, onde tanto vendedores quanto compradores podem dar seus lances. Para este modelo básico foram modeladas extensães como: existência de custo de transporte entre vendedores e compradores; economia de escala no preço do comprador; possibilidade de múltiplos produtos em um mesmo leilão. Para o modelo básico e cada uma das extensões propostas foi elaborado o sistema de compensações baseados em princípios da Teoria dos Jogos. Em cada caso, foi verificada a existência de soluções de núcleo e como essas soluções determinam as características do mercado. / [en] This work presents a linear programming model for virtual markets. The main objective is to encourage sellers to offer lower prices and buyers to pay more for products. This is done through a system where the agents are awarded for acting this way. The basic version of the model works as an auction where buyers and sellers can make their bids. Some extensions were developed for this basic model, to allow situations like: transportation cost between buyers and sellers; scale economy for the buyer's price; multiples products in the same auction. For the basic model and each of its extensions, the system of awards has been developed based on Game Theory principles. In each case, the model was reinterpreted as a game and its core solutions were found. It was also verified how these solutions determine market's behavior.

The mining industry has long played a significant role in regional development in remote regions throughout the world. For the last two decades, the industry has faced high expectations regarding sustainable development and corporate social responsibility, particularly in remote and environmentally sensitive areas. Mining community models and mineworkers’ accommodation strategies in remote locations have varied greatly, yet there has been little documented reflection on the various models’ performance or on their implications for the quality of life (QOL) of mineworkers and their families and for the pre-existing local communities. This multidisciplinary case study research used a subjective quality of life approach to investigate the levels of satisfaction with QOL and specific aspects of QOL domains in three communities: the company town, the gate development community and the integrated community. The triangulation of data from qualitative and quantitative methods was used to examine the major QOL factors that should be taken into account by mining companies, local governments and policy makers when planning for mine development in remote areas. Findings suggest that differences exist between the mineworkers’ levels of satisfaction with specific QOL aspects and how QOL predictors are defined in distinct mining community models. Even though the case studies represent clearly different models of mining communities, in general, mineworkers in the three communities seem to be only moderately satisfied with their quality of life. It is also suggested that employees living in two almost opposite models—the company town and the gate development community—seem to have similar levels of satisfaction with overall quality of life, suggesting that the investment in infrastructure and services limited to the boundaries of the company town is not reflected in a generally improved perception of overall quality of life in this community. Findings also support the argument for an environmental and social impact assessment process for new mines in remote areas. This process should include a full and integrated consideration of the economic, environmental and social impacts of the workforce migration to remote areas and the consequent intensification of the already rapid urbanization of environmentally sensitive areas such as the Brazilian Amazon.

The mining industry has long played a significant role in regional development in remote regions throughout the world. For the last two decades, the industry has faced high expectations regarding sustainable development and corporate social responsibility, particularly in remote and environmentally sensitive areas. Mining community models and mineworkers’ accommodation strategies in remote locations have varied greatly, yet there has been little documented reflection on the various models’ performance or on their implications for the quality of life (QOL) of mineworkers and their families and for the pre-existing local communities. This multidisciplinary case study research used a subjective quality of life approach to investigate the levels of satisfaction with QOL and specific aspects of QOL domains in three communities: the company town, the gate development community and the integrated community. The triangulation of data from qualitative and quantitative methods was used to examine the major QOL factors that should be taken into account by mining companies, local governments and policy makers when planning for mine development in remote areas. Findings suggest that differences exist between the mineworkers’ levels of satisfaction with specific QOL aspects and how QOL predictors are defined in distinct mining community models. Even though the case studies represent clearly different models of mining communities, in general, mineworkers in the three communities seem to be only moderately satisfied with their quality of life. It is also suggested that employees living in two almost opposite models—the company town and the gate development community—seem to have similar levels of satisfaction with overall quality of life, suggesting that the investment in infrastructure and services limited to the boundaries of the company town is not reflected in a generally improved perception of overall quality of life in this community. Findings also support the argument for an environmental and social impact assessment process for new mines in remote areas. This process should include a full and integrated consideration of the economic, environmental and social impacts of the workforce migration to remote areas and the consequent intensification of the already rapid urbanization of environmentally sensitive areas such as the Brazilian Amazon.

The mining industry has long played a significant role in regional development in remote regions throughout the world. For the last two decades, the industry has faced high expectations regarding sustainable development and corporate social responsibility, particularly in remote and environmentally sensitive areas. Mining community models and mineworkers’ accommodation strategies in remote locations have varied greatly, yet there has been little documented reflection on the various models’ performance or on their implications for the quality of life (QOL) of mineworkers and their families and for the pre-existing local communities. This multidisciplinary case study research used a subjective quality of life approach to investigate the levels of satisfaction with QOL and specific aspects of QOL domains in three communities: the company town, the gate development community and the integrated community. The triangulation of data from qualitative and quantitative methods was used to examine the major QOL factors that should be taken into account by mining companies, local governments and policy makers when planning for mine development in remote areas. Findings suggest that differences exist between the mineworkers’ levels of satisfaction with specific QOL aspects and how QOL predictors are defined in distinct mining community models. Even though the case studies represent clearly different models of mining communities, in general, mineworkers in the three communities seem to be only moderately satisfied with their quality of life. It is also suggested that employees living in two almost opposite models—the company town and the gate development community—seem to have similar levels of satisfaction with overall quality of life, suggesting that the investment in infrastructure and services limited to the boundaries of the company town is not reflected in a generally improved perception of overall quality of life in this community. Findings also support the argument for an environmental and social impact assessment process for new mines in remote areas. This process should include a full and integrated consideration of the economic, environmental and social impacts of the workforce migration to remote areas and the consequent intensification of the already rapid urbanization of environmentally sensitive areas such as the Brazilian Amazon. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of / Graduate