The presented diploma thesis deals with the areas of Beroun and Hořovice in the middle ages. At the core of the work of the Government of The house of Luxembourg - John, Charles IV. and Wenceslas IV. Using sources, examines how developed its management, property tenure. It also looks at the extent to which they have been in the Royal estates, the Church or the aristocratic possession. Also describes the emergence and development of individual towns and villages in Beroun and Hořovice district. It focuses on local nobles and their relationship to the Royal Court. Work also takes into account the Nuremberg path that passed through this area, and its influence on the possession of estates. Key words: Beroun region - Hořovice region - House of Luxemburgs - Nuremberg path - local nobility

Magister Legum - LLM / On 17 July 1998, a total of 120 States, including Malawi, voted for the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The ermanent ICC became operational on 1 July 2002. The ICC has jurisdiction over the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. These crimes are the most serious crimes of international concern. The ICC operates under the principle of complementarity, which entails that the ICC will only assume jurisdiction over these core crimes in the event that a State Party is unwilling and unable genuinely to carry out the investigation and prosecution. States Parties have, therefore, the primary responsibility to investigate and prosecute these crimes. The States Parties must therefore establish jurisdiction to conduct investigations and prosecution of these core crimes. It is from that background, coupled with the historical evolution and development of international criminal law, with regard to individual criminal responsibility, that this paper argues for the implementation of the Rome Statute in Malawi, through domestic legislation.The paper thus argues that only through domestic legislation can the purports of the Rome Statute be achieved and fulfilled by Malawi. / South Africa

No description available.

At the heart of this paper lies the perennial problem of the legitimacy of tribunals judging war criminals and the role of public imagery in countering Victor’s Justice challenges. The paper follows along the paths of components of the cultural transfer from Nuremberg and Tokyo international tribunals (1946– 1948) for the prosecution of war criminals post World War II through the Eichmann trial in Jerusalem (1961) to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague (1993), focusing on two specific ‘carriers’ of this cultural transfer: “Law” and “Architecture.” By Law, I mean the copying and re-application of similar legal procedures, the active participation of certain people within two of the three instances, and even the carrying forward of physical pieces of evidence from one trial to another. By Architecture, I mean the actual construction of the trial chamber in all three places. The location of the judges’ bench, the defendants’ dock, the witnesses stand, and the interrelational architectural flow which became characteristic of each of these Lieux de Justice. In terms of public imagery, important counter measures to Victor’s- Justice claims also included the ample facilitation of journalist coverage, the provision of full translation services for the defendants (countering claims of linguistic non-misunderstanding), and the holding of the defendants in humane conditions of incarceration, in a somewhat deliberate juxtaposing countenance to their own crimes which habitually included concentration camps and harshly inhumane incarceration facilities. The paper concludes with a recalibration of Hannah Arendt’s mistaken claim vis-à-vis Eichmann, in contrast to her important understandings concerning the banality of evil.

Cette thèse a pour objet d'explorer les différents problèmes philosophiques posés par le concept juridique de crimes contre l'humanité. Son propos se situe au croisement du droit international, de la philosophie du droit, de l'histoire, de la philosophie de l'histoire et de la philosophie morale et politique. Le premier chapitre examine la notion d'humanité telle qu'elle fait sens en droit international humanitaire. De fait, le concept de crimes contre l'humanité trouve son origine dans ce champ juridique. Le second chapitre s'attache au processus réflexif qui aboutit à la création proprement dite du concept et qui explique l'évolution de sa définition. Les grands textes du droit international relatifs au concept sont disséqués. Le troisième chapitre vise à élucider les apories qui sous-tendent le concept envisagé comme objet philosophique. À partir de ce moment, il est en effet question de l'« idée » de crimes contre l'humanité. Il s'agit de déterminer dans quel cadre théorique une telle idée peut être pleinement conséquente. Dans la continuité de ces conclusions intermédiaires, le quatrième chapitre cerne l'essence des crimes contre l'humanité à travers une définition originale de leur inhumanité spécifique.

<p>This research paper is an analysis of the case United States v Flick et al which took place in 1947 in Nuremberg, Germany. Friedrich Flick, a powerful German industrialist, and several high ranking officials of his firm were tried by a United States military tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the Third Reich. The&nbsp / proceedings and the decision itself are the subject of a critical examination, including an investigation of the factual and legal background. The trial will be regarded in the historical context of prosecutions against German industrialists after World War II. Seen from present-day perspective, the question will be raised whether any conclusions can be drawn from the Flick case in respect of the substance of present-day international criminal law. <br /> &nbsp / </p>

<p>This research paper is an analysis of the case United States v Flick et al which took place in 1947 in Nuremberg, Germany. Friedrich Flick, a powerful German industrialist, and several high ranking officials of his firm were tried by a United States military tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the Third Reich. The&nbsp / proceedings and the decision itself are the subject of a critical examination, including an investigation of the factual and legal background. The trial will be regarded in the historical context of prosecutions against German industrialists after World War II. Seen from present-day perspective, the question will be raised whether any conclusions can be drawn from the Flick case in respect of the substance of present-day international criminal law. <br /> &nbsp / </p>

This research paper is an analysis of the case United States v Flick et al which took place in 1947 in Nuremberg, Germany. Friedrich Flick, a powerful German industrialist, and several high ranking officials of his firm were tried by a United States military tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the Third Reich. The proceedings and the decision itself are the subject of a critical examination, including an investigation of the factual and legal background. The trial will be regarded in the historical context of prosecutions against German industrialists after World War II. Seen from present-day perspective, the question will be raised whether any conclusions can be drawn from the Flick case in respect of the substance of present-day international criminal law. / Magister Legum - LLM

Nova Cella de Grünau, Cella Salutis de Tückelhausen, Hortus Angelorum de Wurtzbourg, Cella Beatae Mariae de Nuremberg, Pontis Mariae d'Astheim et enfin Hortus Mariae d'Ilmbach sont les six chartreuses fondées en Franconie, région morcelée en multiples seigneuries et centres urbains. La Franconie est-elle une réalité pour l’ordre des Chartreux des XIVe et XVe siècles ? Ce sont d’abord l’historiographie de l’ordre des chartreux ainsi que celle de la Franconie qui doivent être confrontées dans le but d’identifier cet objet de recherche finalement assez peu évident. Plusieurs mécanismes institutionnels cartusiens sont ensuite décortiqués afin de mettre en perspective le fonctionnement de l’ordre sur un territoire clairement défini. Enfin l’étude de l’appropriation de l’observance par les Franconiens expose les modalités de l’insertion des chartreuses dans leur environnement immédiat. / The purpose of this work is to analyse in which way the six charterhouses of Franconia could be regarded as a coherent ensemble, and if it is possible to recognize a franconian identity of the Carthusian monks. The territory of the Land zu Franken is contested since the contemporaries tend to define the territory according to their private interests. The order of the Carthusian monks settles tardily in Franconia. They propose a renewal of the contemplative orders which were so far incarnated by the Benedictines and Cistercians whose expansion finishes at the end of 13th century. A study of the institutional mechanisms of the order, accompanied by a prosopography of the officers of the area shows that the monks of Franconia fit within the border framework of the province of lower Germany. The officers, by their displacements limited within the area of the province, build the network between the communities and thereby provide a structure of lower Germany. The process of foundation shows that the order of the Carthusians is used by the founders with an aim of representation of their might which explains why the houses are joined together in the valley of the Main, where the lordships stand in a fierce competition. The funerary liturgy of the Carthusians also explains the choices of the founders for this observance, since some monasteries become places of burials. Finally, the relations of the franconian Carthusians with the world are considered by their literary activities, as well as by their engagement in the beginning of the Reformation. / Unter der Bezeichnung fränkische Kartausen versteht man eine Gruppe von sechs Klöstern, die zwischen 1328 und 1453 gestiftet wurden: Nova Cella in Grünau (1328), Cella Salutis in Tückelhausen (1348), Hortus Angelorum in Würzburg (1350), Cella Beatae Mariae in Nürnberg (1380), Pontis Mariae in Astheim (1409) und Hortus Mariae in Ilmbach (1453). Diese Bezeichnung wird vor allem durch die heutige Vorstellung des fränkischen Raumes geprägt: Bilden die Kartäuser von Franken im Mittelalter tatsächlich eine einheitliche zu untersuchende Gruppe? Lässt sich von einem Gruppenbewusstsein der fränkischen Kartäuser sprechen, wenngleich die Verwendung des Begriffs Identität im Mittelalter Schwierigkeiten mit sich bringt? Ist es möglich, dass die fränkischen Kartausen vom Orden selbst als solche verstanden wurden oder handelt es sich um eine, dem kartäusischen System fremde Konstruktion?

The purpose of this thesis is to compare the Trial of major Nazi war criminals before International Military Tribunal with others trials held in American occupation zone in the Exclusive American jurisdiction (concretely the so called Subsequent Nuremberg trials and the Dachau trials) and to find the similarities between them. The thesis is divided into the six chapters, which are further divided into the subchapters. The first chapter describes the situation during and after the Second World War and the considerations of the Allied powers about the method of the punishment of the Nazi war criminals, which was necessary. The second chapter deals with the creation of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal. This law was created with the joint efforts of the most prominent lawyers from the United States of America, Soviet Union, Great Britain and France. The Charter included new categories of crimes, which were the reaction to the unprecedented extensity of Nazi atrocities. This "Nuremberg charter" helped greatly in the development of the International criminal law. In the second chapter, the reasons for choosing Nuremberg as the location of the trials are also taken in consideration. The third chapter examines the proceedings of the International Military Tribunal. Extra attention is given to the...