<p>Hygien spelar en viktig roll inom hälso- och sjukvården och i arbetet att förebygga smittspridning. Nightingale är en föregångare som talade om effekterna av korrekt handhygien och ren vårdmiljö. I svensk sjuksköterskeutbildning har hygien en central del, som det diskuteras mycket kring. Hälsoorganisationer över hela världen har utarbetat olika riktlinjer kring hygienens betydelse i vården, ändå visar tidigare forskning på brister i följsamhet. Syftet med studien var att belysa sjukhusmiljön med avseende på vårdhygien vid ett sjukhus i Tanzania. En kvalitativ metod med deltagande observationer valdes. Datainsamlingen pågick under fyra veckor, där studenter från en sjuksköterskeskola observerades. Studien diskuterar möjligheter och hinder för vårdhygien, där resultatet presenteras i sju olika teman. Resultatet visar att kunskapen om vårdhygien var stor bland studenterna i Tanzania, men resurser var ett stort problem. Även om kunskap och rutiner fanns, efterföljdes dessa på varierande sätt, i den kultur och tradition som finns i Tanzania.</p> / <p>Hygiene has a very important role within healthcare and the prevention of spreading diseases. Nightingale was among the first who talked about the effect of proper hand hygiene and a clean environment. Hygiene has a central part within the education at nursing schools in Sweden and is well discussed. Healthcare organizations all over the world have developed different guidelines about the importance of hygiene within healthcare, but research still indicates poor compliance. The aim of this study was to illustrate hygiene within healthcare at a hospital in Tanzania. A qualitative method with an observational study was chosen. The data collection was made during four weeks, observing students from a nursing school in Tanzania. This study discusses the potentials and the disadvantages of hygiene within healthcare. The result is presented in seven different themes and indicates good knowledge about hygiene among the Tanzanian students, but poor resources and lack of supplies caused a big problem. It appeared that the healthcare and how the hygiene was managed within the culture and tradition, which existed in Tanzania, have differences even though knowledge and routines exists.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / "December 2006" The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Introduction: Interprofessional Learning (IPL) is an approach that teaches students from different disciplines to share their professional knowledge in order to gain a more complex understanding of the situation at hand. According to WHO, interprofessional learning strengthens communication and the collaborative practice which in turn improves health outcomes for patients. Insufficient interprofessional communication due to inexperience with interprofessional teamwork can affect patients’ safety. Aim: To compare differences in nursing- and medical students readiness for interprofessional learning in Vietnam and if they believe that IPL could affect the quality of communication with patients. Method: A quantitative study was conducted, with a descriptive approach where the population consisted of nursing- and medical students at University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire called Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS). Mann Whitney U-test was used for statistical analyzes. Results: A statistical significant difference, between the two professions, was found in four out of nineteen questions. Therefore we could not see a difference in readiness between the two professions. Regarding the students’ perception on IPL and communication, we could not see a statistical difference, the two groups had similar views on the topic.   Conclusion: We could only find a few questions that reflected an actual difference (p &lt; 0.05) in opinion between the two professions.

Introduction: Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are a global problem and lead to a large burden for the patients, healthcare systems and society. In low and middle-income countries the burden and prevalence is higher than in high-income countries. It is possible with good prevention to reduce the prevalence and burden of healthcare associated infections. Aim: Investigate Vietnamese Nurses’ and Nursing students’ conceptions about healthcare associated infections and their role in prevention of healthcare associated infections. Method: Qualitative research with a cross-sectional design and the data was collected through eight semi-structured interviews and unstructured observations. The data was analyzed by content analysis. Results: Four categories were identified in the data analysis: Understanding and conceptions about HAI, Hinders for the prevention of HAI, How to work in a preventive way for HAI, Responsibility for patient safety. Conclusion: The study showed hinders for the nurses to perform their work correctly, limitations in the environment, lack of time, and equipment and supplies. The need for improvements are more nurses, make equipment and supplies more available and more rooms for patients. The participants acknowledge about responsibility and the importance of following guidelines at the hospitals are identified in the result.

Magister Curationis - Mcur / According to Brown (2010), influenza kills and hospitalises thousands of people every year, about thirty-five thousand and two hundred thousand respectively. Some studies have shown that one of the major reasons that people do not take part in preventative behaviour concerning influenza would be some misconceptions and lack of knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions and attitudes of nursing students at a University in the Western Cape about influenza and their prevention and health seeking behaviour against influenza infection. This topic is important as nursing students are a part of the population group that is frequently exposed to influenza, either at their institutions of learning or in the hospitals and clinics, where they come into contact with patients in their roles as health care workers. A comprehensive review of the literature around perceptions and attitudes and health seeking behaviours regarding influenza was undertaken and considered by the researcher. Most of the literature reviewed came from Western countries as not much research has been done in Africa on the topic. From the literature reviewed, the researcher decided to use the Health Belief Model as a conceptual framework for this study as it has proven to be relatively effective in previous studies of this nature as well as in predicting people's health seeking behaviours.

Magister Curationis - MCur / Background: At the School of Nursing (SoN) of the University of the Western Cape (UWC) students (usually across all levels) carry out reflective practice when they compile a portfolio of evidence (PoE) to be submitted at the end of each semester. This contributes to their formative assessment. The PoE is a great assessment tool, although for various reasons it is often completed late by the students. Registered fourth-year nursing students were the sample population, because they have been actively involved in reflective practice through the process of compiling a PoE towards the end of every semester, and they have been doing this since their first year. In order to accomplish safe clinical judgements, nurses must be encouraged to become analytical and critical thinkers. Development of a PoE while reflecting on their clinical experiences is one of the strategies that can be used to enhance analytical and critical thinking among the students. Also, these learners carried out reflective practice, mostly on clinical activities that they were exposed to, and the PoE requirements and evidence are mostly clinically inclined (for example, incidents that they encountered, record of attendance at the clinical facilities). How the students perceive this process is important if they are to be encouraged to do reflective practice. Compilation of a PoE at an SoN of a university in the Western Cape requires and comprises a record of evidence that the learners put together and thereafter reflect upon. Objective: To describe the perceptions of fourth-year nursing students regarding reflective practice when compiling their PoE. Method: A qualitative design was used to explore the perceptions of registered fourth-year nursing students regarding their reflective practice when compiling their PoE. A purposive sampling method was employed, and three focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were held consisting of 6-8 participants per group. Data saturation was achieved at the third session. Tesch‟s method of data analysis was used. Ethical considerations were employed through the informed consent process, confidentiality, dependability, credibility of participants and appropriate handling and storage of the collected data and the tape recorder. Results: The results of this study show that through reflection the learners gained experience and professionalism from incidents that occurred and activities expected of them, mainly at the hospitals and classroom. Participants reflected on both good and bad experiences, and saw them as challenges preparing them for the future, bearing in mind that they had just about a month until commencing their Community Service Programme. For some of the participants the compilation of the PoE was a great teaching and learning strategy, as learning gaps were identified and it helped them improve their record-keeping and organisational skills.

The focus of the study was to explore and describe reasons for poor professional behaviour among nursing students at a public nursing college in the Eastern Cape. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the reasons for poor professional behaviour among nursing students and to describe strategies to improve poor professional behaviour. The study has significance for the college management, staff, nursing students, registered nurses and everyone involved in professional development of nursing students. The population for this study consisted of third-year nursing students following the four-year comprehensive basic course for registration leading to the Diploma in Nursing (General, Community & Psychiatry) and Midwifery at a public nursing college. The research questions were: What do you understand by professional behaviour? What are the reasons for poor professional behaviour among nursing students? What could be done to improve professionalism among college nursing students? A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used as a framework for the study. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the University of Fort Hare ethics committee and other relevant authorities as indicated in the study. Ethical principles were maintained and informed consent obtained. Data collection was done using focus groups and an audiotape with a purposefully sampling of 30 third-year nursing students at the public college of nursing. Data were analysed using Tesch’s method of analysis for qualitative research. Three major themes emerged: students’ understanding of professional behaviour, reasons for poor professional behaviour and methods to improve poor professional behaviour. It was concluded that poor professional behaviour has an effect on professionalism and it should be addressed and corrected for protecting the professional image. Recommendations: Policies regarding inappropriate professional behaviour at the college should be in place and easily accessible to every staff member and nursing student. Department of Health should conduct reflective courses and seminars on professionalism and these should begin at the same time as the academic programme.

In Brazil, the discussions about the interdisciplinary began in the 70s, in order to investigate the intensity of exchanges between experts and the degree of integration of the disciplines in a research project. This study discuss about the issues in the nursing training within the proposed integrated and interdisciplinary curriculum, aiming to check the students' perceptions about interdisciplinary in the undergraduate nursing degree from a public institution of higher education. It is a quantitative, a qualitative and an exploratory research, that as a data collection instrument, were used a structured questionnaire, with both open-ended and closed-ended questions. The questions were constructed from the previous reading of the Political-Pedagogical Project(PPP) of the Nursing undergraduate program, that was distributed around the five chapters of PPP, regarding the objective of the course, the profile of egress, the general skills and competencies needed, the specific abilities and competencies, and the curricular organization. This questionnaire was administered to 51 students of fourth and fifth year of that course the data was collected between June and July 2013,the Qualitative data were analysed by the content analysis. For the quantitative analysis, we built a Likert attitudinal instrument. The results of this research contributed to the development of a product, which is an intervention project, which will provide improved training in nursing, support base for changes in current practices, with emphasis on the integration of education, service and community for the strengthening of the integrated and interdisciplinary curriculum. It is concluded that the students understand the interdisciplinary movement as strengthening the relationship with the reality, recognizing the need for integration and dialogue of the actors involved in the teaching-learning process, identifying, however, weaknesses in the construction process of this practice in relation to the development of interdisciplinary since the beginning of the course. / No Brasil, as discussões sobre a interdisciplinaridade começaram na década de 70, com o intuito de investigar a intensidade de trocas entre os especialistas e o nível de integração das disciplinas em um projeto de pesquisa. O presente estudo discute as questões da formação em enfermagem dentro da proposta do currículo Integrado e interdisciplinar, tendo como objetivo verificar as percepções discentes sobre a interdisciplinaridade no curso de graduação em enfermagem de uma instituição pública de ensino superior. Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, qualitativa e exploratória, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário estruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas, construído a partir da leitura previa do Projeto Político-Pedagógico do Curso de Enfermagem (PPP), distribuídas em torno de cinco capítulos do PPP, tocantes ao objetivo do curso, perfil do egresso, habilidades e competências gerais, habilidades e competências específicas e organização curricular, aplicado a 51 discentes de quarto e quinto anos do referido curso. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de junho e julho de 2013. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Para a análise quantitativa, foi construído um instrumento atitudinal do tipo Likert. Os resultados obtidos desta pesquisa contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de um produto, que é um projeto de intervenção, o qual propiciará a melhoria da formação em enfermagem, base de sustentação para modificação das práticas atuais, com ênfase na integração ensino, serviço e comunidade, para o fortalecimento do currículo integrado e interdisciplinar. Conclui-se que os discentes compreendem o movimento interdisciplinar como fortalecedor da relação com a realidade, reconhecendo a necessidade de integração e diálogo dos atores envolvidos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, identificando, contudo, fragilidades do processo de construção dessa prática em relação ao desenvolvimento da interdisciplinaridade desde ao início do curso.

Clinical facilitators facilitate the clinical training of students in the hospitals at which students are placed for the practical component of their studies. Clinical facilitators’ success depends on their ability to facilitate students effectively. Students who have been effectively facilitated have the potential to become competent bedside nurses to their patients. This is sure to lead to better patient outcomes and will therefore have a direct impact on the quality of nursing care. The clinical facilitators who are appointed to facilitate students in the clinical learning environment are, however, not necessarily empowered and skilled to teach their students effectively. If their own mentoring needs are addressed, clinical facilitators may be assisted to become more effective in their transition from clinician to clinical facilitator. A qualitative study was conducted with the purpose to explore and describe the mentoring needs of clinical facilitators with a view to proposing a mentoring programme for effective clinical facilitation. Data were collected by means of focus groups with clinical facilitators working in a private hospital group. The findings of this study confirmed the need for mentoring. Mentoring of clinical facilitators contributes to their skills and understanding of clinical facilitation. As an outcome of the study, an outline of a mentoring programme was drawn up which could be used in the orientation and mentoring of novice clinical facilitators. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

This study was undertaken to identify the differences in cognitive behaviors expected of graduating students in two and four-year nursing education programs as perceived by instructors. The problem to which this study was addressed was the uniformity of assignment for graduates of the two programs as they enter initial employment in episodic care agencies. Of concern also was the lack of uniformity in the admission requirements for two-year graduates seeking a baccalaureate degree in nursing. The identification of significantly different expectations of the two groups of nurse educators for their graduating students indicates a need to examine the assignments of graduates in their initial employment. Further, there was greater agreement in the expected behaviors among the four-year program respondents than among those from the two-year programs as groups viewed their respective graduating students.