Doctor of Education / Department of Educational Leadership / Royce Ann Collins / Nutrition educators traditionally rely on quantitative research to design interventions for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) audiences, such a low-income African American mothers. Such studies indicated the dietary behaviors of this population related to increased risk for chronic disease. Few studies explored the factors that potentially influenced the perceived self-efficacy and affected the dietary habits of SNAP learners. This study addressed the gap between quantitative research findings about the dietary habits of low-income African American mothers and their perceptions of factors influencing those behaviors. A qualitative bounded multi-site case study design was used to explore factors theoretically linked to social cognitive theory (SCT) that affected the dietary habits of low-income African American mothers. The theoretical framework rested on the interaction between SCT and critical race theory (CRT). The research sample included fifteen women, five from each of three public housing sites. The research design included semi-structured interviews supported by multiple data sources. A pilot study took place. Constant comparison was the technique used to analyze the semi-structured interviews and code the findings. The emergent themes aligned with the theoretical framework to answer the research questions. Triangulation helped to ensure the study’s quality. The findings supported the SCT premise that behavioral, personal, and environmental factors interacted reciprocally to influence dietary habits. The findings supported the CRT tenets that race, history, narratives, and interest convergence mattered and influenced dietary habits. The results had implications for adult educators designing effective nutrition programs for diverse learners.

D. Tech. (Food Service Management, Dept. of Hospitality, Faculty of Human Sciences)|cVaal University of Technology / Main Purpose of the study: To evaluate the impact of soy protein feeding intervention over a period of six months on the nutritional status of an elderly (≥60 years old) community of Sharpeville, in which poverty, household food security and malnutrition were prevalent. Methods: An experimental design that had no control group but a comparison between hypercholesterolaemic (HC) and normocholesterolaemic (NC) groups was used with 134 randomly selected elderly respondents. The first stage involved a baseline survey which determined the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and nutritional status among participants. Measurements included biochemical indices (serum lipids, vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine), anthropometry (weight, height and waist circumference) and dietary intake using 24h-recall and 7-day dietary diversity questionnaire. Socio-demographic information gathered from previous studies on the same subjects was used. The second stage was the preparation, formulation, and implementation of a nutrition education programme to assess its impact on nutrition knowledge after the nutrition education intervention. The nutrition education was conducted in two sections, namely an exploratory study and an experimental study. An exploratory study was conducted to assess the nutrition education needs of the elderly and was followed by the experimental study, which assessed nutrition knowledge before and after the intervention. The third stage was the implementation of the 10 grams soy protein daily feeding intervention for a period of six months and evaluation of its impact on risk factors for cardiovascular disease and on nutritional status. Sensory tests, compliance and the same measurements conducted at baseline were used at follow-up (feeding intervention). A comparison of the findings of the baseline study and follow-up study was conducted. Also to provide deeper insight into the effect of soy on the risk factors for CVD and nutritional status, respondents were further stratified into HC and NC groups based on their LDL-C levels at baseline study and results were also presented as such. The data analyses included descriptive statistics and t-tests on SPSS version 21.0. Results: From the baseline study, the dietary intake results revealed a poor dietary intake which contributed to inadequate estimated average requirements (EAR) and adequate intakes (AI) of nutrients. A mainly carbohydrate-based diet was consumed with minimal intake of dairy and legumes despite a medium dietary diversity score. The anthropometric indices at baseline indicated over-nutrition based on the reported waist circumference 97.32±10.32 (80.6%) above substantial risk of CDL, obesity (75.3%) and hypertension (56.7%), with the highest percentages for both waist circumference of substantial risk and overweight/obesity found among the women (80.9% and 79.9% respectively) and for hypertension among the men (79.1%). For the biochemical results at baseline, the prevalence of risk factors for CVD was observed as abnormal mean serum lipids such as LDL-cholesterol (3.6±1.1), HDL-cholesterol (0.73±0.4), total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (7.9±2.9), triglyceride:HDL-cholesterol ratio (2.7±2.1) and homocysteine (17.1±9.2) in the total group. The women had high TC (5.2±1.1) indicating borderline risk of CVD as compared with men who had lower TC (4.5±0.8) and this was significantly different (p=0.049). The nutrition education programme was effective in increasing knowledge with an improvement of 14.5 percent from pre- (62.3%) to post-test (76.8%) for the total group which was statistically significant (p=0.000). The results for the soy protein feeding intervention, the dietary intake for the total group indicated a statistically significant decrease in energy intake (p=0.001), by about 20.4 percent form baseline to follow-up, while energy intake at baseline was already below the EAR. Also a statistically significant decrease was seen from baseline to follow-up for total dietary fat (p=0.004), cholesterol (p=0.008) and animal protein (p=0.000), with a statistically significant increase only on dietary folate (p=0.001) and iron (0.001). These dietary changes were also observed for the HC and NC groups after the intervention with only fat not decreasing significantly for the HC group. For the anthropometry indices, and hypertension no significant impact after the intervention for the total group and also for the HC and NC groups was observed. The biochemical results indicated a beneficial effect of the soy-based products on the following serum lipids: a significant improvement in LDL-C (p=0.000), HDL-C (p=0.000) and TC:HDL ratio (p=0.000) for the HC group while only TC:HDL ratio showed a significant improvement for the NC group after the intervention. However, high risk factors for CVD in this elderly group were still observed, with a significant decrease after the intervention of serum folate (p=0.000) below the recommended level and a significant increase in homocysteine (p=0.000) above the recommended level. Significant differences between the HC and NC groups were seen in TC, LDL-C, LDL:HDL-C ratio and TC:HDL-C ratio at the beginning of the intervention (baseline). However, at the end of the intervention (follow-up), significant differences were observed only in TC, LDL-C and homocysteine. Conclusion: Although the energy intake reduced significantly, only three of the micro-nutrients (pantothenate, Niacin and selenium) had a significant decrease between baseline and follow-up. Therefore the nutritional status of these elderly was not affected as it was also observed that there was no significant impact on anthropometric indices that took place. However this intervention had a significant impact on iron intake, which was one of the deficiencies identified amongst this elderly people from previous study. Also the nutrition education and a daily consumption of at least 10g of soy had a significant beneficial effect on LDL-C, HDL-C and TC:HDL ratio for the HC groups, thus reducing risk of CVD. Although soy had a beneficial effect on blood lipid profile no effect on hypertension was observed. The guideline of a 25g intake of soy should be encouraged as recommended by FDA as an effective cholesterol-lowering food item.

O controle da hiperfosfatemia é a peça chave do tratamento do distúrbio mineral e ósseo em pacientes com doença renal crônica. O seu manejo é multifatorial e inclui a restrição dietética de fósforo (P), o uso apropriado de quelantes de P e a dose correta de terapia renal substitutiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de uma tabela de contagem de fósforo com cloridrato de sevelamer nos níveis séricos de fósforo de pacientes em hemodiálise. Foram recrutados 56 pacientes, os quais foram divididos em grupo intervenção A (n=18) e B (n=19) e grupo controle C (n=19). O grupo controle (GC) teve seus dados dietéticos, estado nutricional, carga de comprimidos e percentual de adesão ao cloridrato de sevelamer, além de parâmetros laboratoriais, como o P, o cálcio (Ca), o produto cálcio-fósforo (CaxP) e o hormônio da paratireoide (PTH), observados por 4 meses (T0, T1, T2, T3 e T4). Os grupos A (GA) e B (GB) tiveram os mesmos parâmetros investigados pelo GC, entretanto os 2 primeiros meses foram apenas de observação. Após essa fase, esses dois grupos foram orientados a controlar sua alimentação por meio da tabela de contagem de fósforo que consiste em uma ferramenta que auxilia no controle da ingestão alimentar de P por meio de lista de alimentos divididos em grupos alimentares com pontuações delimitadas e proporcionais aos teores de P, pelo período de 2 meses. Nesse período, o GA foi orientado a utilizar o cloridrato de sevelamer com dose fixa de 2 comprimidos (800mg) ao dia. Já o GB, utilizou o cloridrato de sevelamer por meio do autoajuste da sua dose com o auxílio de uma tabela que determina sua dose conforme o número de porções alimentares consumidas. Ao final do estudo, observou-se níveis de P de 4,92±1,42mg/dL; 5,44±1,21mg/dL e 5,07±1,24mg/dL, para os grupos A, B e C, respectivamente, não sendo encontrada diferenças estatísticas ao longo do trabalho. O CaxP manteve-se entre o início e final do estudo em ambos os grupos, apresentando-se <55mg2/dL2. No GA, os níveis de Ca reduziram de 9,52±1,01mg/dL para 9,17±0,77mg/dL entre T0 e T4; já no GB, esse parâmetro reduziu de 9,46±1,07mg/dL em T1 para 9,04±0,86mg/dL em T4; no GC, T4 (8,6±0,58mg/dL) apresentou-se com níveis menores de Ca ao ser comparado com T1, T2 e T3. O PTH manteve-se ao longo do estudo em ambos os grupos com níveis >300pg/mL. Em relação ao consumo do quelante, houve redução significativa da carga de comprimidos ao comparar, nos grupos A e B, os tempos T1 (GA: 122,22±90,1 e GB: 170,58±109,12) e T2 (GA: 103,67±63,53 e GB: 162±71,47) com T3 (GA: 49,89±15,23 e GB: 127,11±66,65) e T4 (GA: 45,94±14,96 e GB: 109,89±58,42). Apenas no GA foi observado melhora do percentual de adesão ao quelante quando comparado T1 com 66,21% de adesão com T3 que obteve 88,96% (p=0,014), e T2 que apresentou 64,92% de adesão contra 88,96% em T3 (p=0,009). Os dados dietéticos apontaram redução do consumo de P, após intervenção, apenas no GB ao comparar T0 (1039,43±66,78mg) com T4 (857,83±65,6mg). Não foram identificados prejuízos no estado nutricional após o término do trabalho. O estudo demonstrou que a aplicação da tabela de contagem de fósforo com cloridrato de sevelamer auxilia no controle dos níveis séricos de P tanto por meio da dose mínima do quelante como pelo autoajuste da sua dose. / Control of hyperphosphatemia is the key factor of treatment of mineral and bone disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease. Its management is multifactorial and includes dietary restriction of phosphorus (P), appropriate use of phosphate binders and the correct dose of renal replacement therapy. This study aimed to evaluate an intervention with a phosphorus counting table with sevelamer hydrochloride on serum phosphorus in patients on hemodialysis. Fifty-six patients were recruited and divided into intervention group A (n = 18) and B (n = 19) and control group C (n=19). Control group (CG) had dietary data, nutritional status, dose and percentage of adherence to sevelamer hydrochloride and laboratory parameters, such as P, calcium (Ca), calcium-phosphorus product (CaxP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH), observed for four months (T0, T1, T2, T3 e T4). Groups A (AG) and B (BG) had the same parameters evaluated for CG. However, the first two months were only observation. After this period, the two groups were conducted to control their diet with a phosphorus counting table help, which it\'s a tool that assists the control of dietary P intake through a food list divided into food groups with defined and proportional scores in relation to P content, for 2 months. In this period, AG was instructed to use sevelamer hydrochloride with a fixed dose of two tablets (800mg) daily. BG used the sevelamer hydrochloride through self-adjustment of its dose with a chart helps that establish its dose according to the number of consumed servings. At the end of the study, serum levels of P were 4.92±1.42mg/dL; 5.44±1.21mg/dL and 5.07±1.24mg/dL, for groups A, B, and C, respectively, with no statistical differences throughout the study. CaxP remained stable before and after intervention in both groups, showing <55mg2/dL2. In AG, serum Ca reduced from 9.52±1.01mg/dL to 9.17±0.77mg/dL between T0 and T4; Already BG, this parameter reduced from 9.46±1.07mg/dL at T1 to 9.04±0.86mg/dL at T4; in CG, T4 (8.6±0.58mg/dL) showed reduced levels of Ca when compared to T1, T2, and T3. PTH maintained throughout the study in both groups with levels >300pg/mL. About phosphate binder, there was a significant reduction in its dose when comparing, in AG and BG, at T1 (AG: 122.22±90.1 and BG: 170.58±109.12) and T2 (AG: 103.67±63.53 and BG: 162±71.47) with T3 (AG: 49.89±15.23 and BG: 127.11±66.65) and T4 (AG: 45.94±14.96 and BG: 109.89±58.42). Only in the AG, the percentage of adherence to treatment with phosphate binder was improved when compared T1 with 66.21% of adhesion with T3 that obtained 88.96% (p = 0.014), and T2 that presented 64.92% of adhesion against 88.96% in T3 (p = 0.009). Dietary data indicated a reduction of P consumption after an intervention, only in BG when compared T0 (1039.43±66.78mg) with T4 (857.83±65.6mg). No damage to nutritional status was observed at the end of the study. Intervention with a phosphorus counting table with sevelamer hydrochloride assists in the control of serum P levels both through the minimum dose of the phosphate binder and self-adjustment of its dose.

Esta dissertação relata o desenvolvimento de um Objeto de Aprendizagem Digital de Química e a sua aplicação em um grupo de alunos do Ensino Médio. A pesquisa está centrada em quais efeitos um objeto de aprendizagem digital, envolvendo conceitos químicos e alimentares, pode trazer aos alunos e, se este pode ser benéfico para a aprendizagem em Química. Os objetivos específicos eram desenvolver uma pesquisa de Estado da Arte a fim de entender como são desenvolvidos os materiais atualmente, propor uma atividade pedagógica envolvendo conceitos de alimentação atrelados com conceitos químicos, avaliar a aplicação desta metodologia e analisar o conhecimento dos alunos a respeito dos alimentos bem como seu interesse por este tema. A pesquisa se mostrou válida, uma vez que, a maioria dos materiais existentes, conforme mostraram nossos dados, não trabalha os conceitos químicos a partir de temáticas relacionadas ao cotidiano do aluno como no caso da alimentação e, além disso, através da aplicação do material percebemos que o uso da tecnologia em sala de aula é uma ferramenta viável e que pode agregar positivamente ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Por esses motivos devem ser desenvolvidas cada vez mais pesquisas e materiais nesse sentido, visando renovar o processo educativo. / This dissertation reports on the development of the Objeting of Digital Learning of Chemistry and its application in a group of high school students. The research is focused on a digital learning issue. The objectives were actually engaged in a State of the Art research and in this way, the current principles, a pedagogical action and the concepts of energy were tied to the chemical concepts as well as their interest in this topic. The research became since most of the existing data, in accordance with the data, did not work as a law of principles of practices related to the daily life of the student as no case of feeding and in addition, through the application of the material we perceive that the The use of technology in the classroom is a viable tool that can be applied positively to the teaching-learning process. That is why more and more evidence and materials should be targeted in this direction, in order to renew the educational process.

Imagens associadas a informações escritas ou verbais podem aumentar a atenção, compreensão, lembrança e favorecer a adesão às informações. Diante do consumo elevado de alimentos ultraprocessados ricos em gordura e açúcar que contribuem para a obesidade são necessários instrumentos de educação alimentar e nutricional que favoreçam o aprendizado sobre o conteúdo energético e nutricional dos alimentos, de modo que o comensal possa fazer melhores escolhas alimentares. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender como as imagens influenciam no aprendizado de orientações nutricionais e nas práticas alimentares. Trata-se de um estudo experimental, de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, realizado com 64 mulheres, 33 participaram de oficinas de educação alimentar e nutricional com imagens (grupo imagem: Gi), e 31 mulheres participantes de oficinas de educação alimentar e nutricional sem imagens (grupo sem imagem: Gsi), subdivididas em dois subgrupos, de mulheres eutróficas e obesas. As oficinas consistiram de encontros em grupo onde foram passadas verbalmente informações alimentares e nutricionais, com ou sem o apoio da visualização de fotos sobre quatro temas que compõe um instrumento imagético para orientação alimentar e nutricional, que são: Vida doce, cuidando do açúcar - aborda o conteúdo de açúcar em doces e bebidas; Comida gostosa e com pouca gordura - trata sobre o teor de gordura em alimentos; Comer bem fazendo as melhores escolhas - sobre substituições alimentares; e Cuido de mim com comida saudável - para estimular o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes. Cada grupo participou de dois dias de oficinas sendo abordados dois temas do instrumento imagético por oficina. A avaliação das mensagens aprendidas nas oficinas foi feita individualmente por meio de questionário semiestruturado, aplicado logo após as oficinas (T0) e depois de 30 (T30) e 60 dias (T60) da 2a oficina. No T60 também foi aplicado individualmente às participantes um questionário de avaliação das práticas alimentares e realizados grupos focais. Foram realizadas 24 oficinas, com a participação de 4 a 8 pessoas por oficina, e 5 grupos focais. O Gi apresentou memorização 21% maior que o Gsi (IC 95%: 0,93 a 2,4; p<0,01) no tempo T0, não havendo diferença entre os grupos nos demais tempos. O intervalo de 30 dias (T0-T30) determinou diminuição do percentual de lembrança das mensagens tanto no Gi (1,97; IC: 1,44 - 2,49; p<0,01) quanto no Gsi (0,86; IC 95%: 0,32 - 1,40; p<0,01). A avaliação qualitativa empregada apontou que ambos os grupos aprenderam as mensagens, entretanto as imagens permitiram uma lembrança mais apurada das mensagens, atribuído ao impacto e à concretização das orientações por meio das imagens e recursos semióticos, e despertaram sentidos e sensações associadas ao gosto dos alimentos retratados nas fotos. As fotos exploraram representações e metáforas que causaram impacto e remeteram a sensações no indivíduo, relacionadas ao gosto dos alimentos, as quais podem implicar desafios ao comensal diante de suas escolhas alimentares. As oficinas contribuíram para o aprendizado e isso se traduziu, em ambos os grupos, na conscientização e por vezes na aplicação dos conhecimentos nas práticas alimentares. / Images closely linked to written or spoken text can markedly increase attention, comprehension, recall and favors adherence to information. Faced with the high consumption of ultra-processed foods rich in fat and sugar that contribute for obesity, food and nutritional education tools are necessary to promote learning about the energy and nutritional content of food, so that people could make better food choices. The aim of the study was to understand how images influence the learning of nutritional education and food practices. It´s an experimental study, quantitative and qualitative nature, carried out with 64 women, 33 participated of food and nutrition education workshops with images (group image: Gi), and 31 attending food and nutritional education workshops without images (Group without image: Gsi), subdivided into two subgroups, of normal weight and obese women. The workshops consisted of group meetings where food and nutrition information was verbally accessed, with or without the support of photo visualization about four themes that composes the pictorial instrument of food and nutrition education, which are: \"Sweet life, being aware of sugar\" - about sugar content in sweets and beverages; \"Tasty food with little fat\" - about fat content in food; \"Eating well by making the best choices\" - about food replacements; and \"I take care of myself by eating healthy food\" - to stimulate consumption of fruits and vegetables. Each group participated in two days of workshops and two themes of the pictorial instrument were addressed in each workshop. The evaluation of the messages learned in the workshops was individually done with a semi-structured questionnaire, that have been applied immediately after the workshops (T0) and after 30 (T30) and 60 days (T60) of the 2nd workshop. In T60, it was also individually applied to the participants one questionnaire to evaluate feeding practices and focus groups were done. Twenty-four workshops, with participation of 4 to 8 women in each, and 5 focus groups have been done. The Gi had 21% greater memory than Gsi (95% CI: 0.93 to 2.4, p <0.01) at T0, with no difference between groups in the other times. The 30-day interval (T0-T30) resulted in a decrease in recall percentage of the messages in both Gi (1, 97: CI: 1.44-2.49, p <0.01) and Gsi (0.86, 95% CI: 0.32-1.40, p <0.01). The qualitative evaluation has shown that both groups learned the messages, however the images allowed for a better recall of the messages, attributed to the impact and the application of the orientations through semiotic images and resources, and awoke senses and sensations associated with the taste of food portrayed in the photos. The photos explored representations and metaphors that caused impact and referred to sensations in the individual, related to the taste of food, which can imply challenges to the person in front of their food choices. The workshops contributed to the learning and this translated, in both groups, in the awareness and sometimes in the application of the knowledge in the alimentary practices.

Introdução: A prática de grupos é um tipo de assistência em saúde que vem sendo realizada na Atenção Básica. A alimentação é um dos assuntos que são abordados nessa prática, uma vez que esta é um fator de risco modificável para o desenvolvimento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Diante desse quadro, os profissionais de saúde contam com a Educação Alimentar e Nutricional que visa promover a prática de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Para a avaliação de grupos, eles fazem uso, principalmente, de dados objetivos. No entanto, a realização de uma avaliação a partir de uma perspectiva de dados qualitativos tem sido cada vez mais utilizada pela importância de se estabelecer uma relação direta com os sujeitos, conhecendo as suas vivências. Objetivo: Analisar a vivência de participantes submetidos em dois modelos de grupos educativos de alimentação e nutrição realizados no âmbito da Atenção Básica no município de São Paulo. Métodos: Pesquisa avaliativa com abordagem qualitativa, realizada no Centro de Saúde Escola Geraldo de Paula Souza com os usuários que estiveram presentes, pelo menos, em metade dos encontros dos grupos de alimentação e nutrição tradicionalmente realizados pelo local no ano de 2015 (Modelo A) e de um outro grupo, implantado por meio de pesquisa, no ano de 2016 (Modelo B). Grupos do Modelo A possuíam como objetivo incentivar e apoiar as mudanças alimentares enquanto que grupos do Modelo B tinham como intenção o fortalecimento da autonomia nas escolhas alimentares. Ambos os Modelos possuíram enquadres semelhantes, sendo o A formado por sete encontros e o B por seis com duração de 1h30min cada. A condução de grupos do Modelo A foi realizada pela equipe responsável pela assistência nutricional do local e, do Modelo B, por uma nutricionista doutoranda, idealizadora do modelo de intervenção, juntamente com o apoio de uma observadora e também da equipe. A produção dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 7 participantes do Modelo A e 8 do B. Essas entrevistas foram transcritas e submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo Temática com o auxílio do software NVivo11. Para esta pesquisa, utilizou-se um recorte dos resultados dessa análise que se referia a avaliação da vivência. Resultados: Emergiram quatro categorias e 12 unidades temáticas. Todas as categorias estiveram presentes em ambos os Modelos, sendo elas: Modelo Educativo, Comparecimento, Potencialidades e Fragilidades do grupo educativo de alimentação e nutrição. Oito unidades temáticas emergiram no Modelo A e essas também estavam presentes no Modelo B. Além dessas oito, o Modelo B apresentou mais quatro unidades temáticas. Verificou-se que, em ambos os Modelos, a vivência em grupo propiciou o reconhecimento de estratégias didáticas utilizadas, incentivo ao cuidado, ganhos a partir da convivência com o outro, como ampliação de conhecimento e reconhecimento de benefícios provocados na saúde, e demanda por atendimento individualizado. No Modelo A, enfatizou-se a relação unidirecional entre participante e profissional, aproximando-o mais do conceito de agrupamento. No Modelo B, destacou-se a interação social e a existência do vínculo entre os participantes, Conclusão: Em ambos os Modelos a prática de grupo oferece estratégias que incentivam o cuidado com a saúde, possibilita aprendizados provenientes da socialização e oportuniza o conhecimento de demandas pela atenção individualizada. Grupos que são desenhados a partir de uma abordagem de educação tradicional possuem ações voltadas a prevenção enquanto que grupos que usam a educação dialógica se aproximam das ações de promoção da saúde. / Introduction: The practice of groups is a type of health care that is being carried out in Primary Care. The food is one of the subjects that are dealt in these groups, since this is a modifiable risk factor for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Faced with this situation, health professionals rely on Food and Nutrition Education to promote the practice of healthy eating habits. For the evaluation of groups, professionals make use, mainly, of objective data. However, the performance of an evaluation from a qualitative data perspective has been increasingly used for the importance of establishing a direct relationship with the subjects, knowing their experiences. Objective: To analyze the experience of participants submitted to two models of educational groups of food and nutrition carried out in the scope of Primary Care in the city of São Paulo. Methods: Evaluative research with qualitative approach carried out at the Geraldo de Paula Souza School Health Center with the users who were present at least half of the meetings of the educational groups of food and nutrition traditionally carried out by the local in the year 2015 (Model A) and of another group, implemented through research, in the year 2016 (Model B). Model A groups aimed to encourage and support food changes while Model B groups were intended to strengthen autonomy in food choices. Both models had similar frames, being A formed by seven meetings and B by six with duration of 1h30min each. The model A group was conducted by the team responsible for the nutritional assistance of the local and, of the Model B, by a PhD nutritionist, idealizing the intervention model, along with the support of an observer and also of the team. The data production was carried out through semi-structured interviews guided by a script with 7 participants of Model A and 8 of B. These interviews were transcribed and submitted to Thematic Content Analysis with the aid of NVivo11 software. For this research, was used a cut-off of the results of this analysis that referred to the evaluation of the living. Results: Four categories and 12 thematic units emerged. All categories were present in both Models, being: Educational Model, Attendance, Potentialities and Fragilities of the educational group of food and nutrition. Eight thematic units emerged in Model A and these were also present in Model B. In addition to these eight, Model B presented four more thematic units. It was verified that in both Models, the experience in a group allowed the recognition of used didactic strategies, incentive to care, gains from living with the other, such as expansion of knowledge and recognition of health benefits, and demand for individualized service. In Model A, the unidirectional relationship between participant and professional was emphasized, bringing it closer to the concept of grouping. In Model B, it was highlighted the social interaction and the existence of the bond between the participants. Conclusion: In both Models, group practice offers strategies that encourage health care, enable learning from socialization, and facilitate the knowledge of demands for individualized attention. Groups that are drawn from a traditional education approach have actions aimed at prevention while groups that use dialogic education approach health promotion actions.

Introdução: A prática de grupos é um tipo de assistência em saúde que vem sendo realizada na Atenção Básica. A alimentação é um dos assuntos que são abordados nessa prática, uma vez que esta é um fator de risco modificável para o desenvolvimento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Diante desse quadro, os profissionais de saúde contam com a Educação Alimentar e Nutricional que visa promover a prática de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Para a avaliação de grupos, eles fazem uso, principalmente, de dados objetivos. No entanto, a realização de uma avaliação a partir de uma perspectiva de dados qualitativos tem sido cada vez mais utilizada pela importância de se estabelecer uma relação direta com os sujeitos, conhecendo as suas vivências. Objetivo: Analisar a vivência de participantes submetidos em dois modelos de grupos educativos de alimentação e nutrição realizados no âmbito da Atenção Básica no município de São Paulo. Métodos: Pesquisa avaliativa com abordagem qualitativa, realizada no Centro de Saúde Escola Geraldo de Paula Souza com os usuários que estiveram presentes, pelo menos, em metade dos encontros dos grupos de alimentação e nutrição tradicionalmente realizados pelo local no ano de 2015 (Modelo A) e de um outro grupo, implantado por meio de pesquisa, no ano de 2016 (Modelo B). Grupos do Modelo A possuíam como objetivo incentivar e apoiar as mudanças alimentares enquanto que grupos do Modelo B tinham como intenção o fortalecimento da autonomia nas escolhas alimentares. Ambos os Modelos possuíram enquadres semelhantes, sendo o A formado por sete encontros e o B por seis com duração de 1h30min cada. A condução de grupos do Modelo A foi realizada pela equipe responsável pela assistência nutricional do local e, do Modelo B, por uma nutricionista doutoranda, idealizadora do modelo de intervenção, juntamente com o apoio de uma observadora e também da equipe. A produção dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 7 participantes do Modelo A e 8 do B. Essas entrevistas foram transcritas e submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo Temática com o auxílio do software NVivo11. Para esta pesquisa, utilizou-se um recorte dos resultados dessa análise que se referia a avaliação da vivência. Resultados: Emergiram quatro categorias e 12 unidades temáticas. Todas as categorias estiveram presentes em ambos os Modelos, sendo elas: Modelo Educativo, Comparecimento, Potencialidades e Fragilidades do grupo educativo de alimentação e nutrição. Oito unidades temáticas emergiram no Modelo A e essas também estavam presentes no Modelo B. Além dessas oito, o Modelo B apresentou mais quatro unidades temáticas. Verificou-se que, em ambos os Modelos, a vivência em grupo propiciou o reconhecimento de estratégias didáticas utilizadas, incentivo ao cuidado, ganhos a partir da convivência com o outro, como ampliação de conhecimento e reconhecimento de benefícios provocados na saúde, e demanda por atendimento individualizado. No Modelo A, enfatizou-se a relação unidirecional entre participante e profissional, aproximando-o mais do conceito de agrupamento. No Modelo B, destacou-se a interação social e a existência do vínculo entre os participantes, Conclusão: Em ambos os Modelos a prática de grupo oferece estratégias que incentivam o cuidado com a saúde, possibilita aprendizados provenientes da socialização e oportuniza o conhecimento de demandas pela atenção individualizada. Grupos que são desenhados a partir de uma abordagem de educação tradicional possuem ações voltadas a prevenção enquanto que grupos que usam a educação dialógica se aproximam das ações de promoção da saúde. / Introduction: The practice of groups is a type of health care that is being carried out in Primary Care. The food is one of the subjects that are dealt in these groups, since this is a modifiable risk factor for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Faced with this situation, health professionals rely on Food and Nutrition Education to promote the practice of healthy eating habits. For the evaluation of groups, professionals make use, mainly, of objective data. However, the performance of an evaluation from a qualitative data perspective has been increasingly used for the importance of establishing a direct relationship with the subjects, knowing their experiences. Objective: To analyze the experience of participants submitted to two models of educational groups of food and nutrition carried out in the scope of Primary Care in the city of São Paulo. Methods: Evaluative research with qualitative approach carried out at the Geraldo de Paula Souza School Health Center with the users who were present at least half of the meetings of the educational groups of food and nutrition traditionally carried out by the local in the year 2015 (Model A) and of another group, implemented through research, in the year 2016 (Model B). Model A groups aimed to encourage and support food changes while Model B groups were intended to strengthen autonomy in food choices. Both models had similar frames, being A formed by seven meetings and B by six with duration of 1h30min each. The model A group was conducted by the team responsible for the nutritional assistance of the local and, of the Model B, by a PhD nutritionist, idealizing the intervention model, along with the support of an observer and also of the team. The data production was carried out through semi-structured interviews guided by a script with 7 participants of Model A and 8 of B. These interviews were transcribed and submitted to Thematic Content Analysis with the aid of NVivo11 software. For this research, was used a cut-off of the results of this analysis that referred to the evaluation of the living. Results: Four categories and 12 thematic units emerged. All categories were present in both Models, being: Educational Model, Attendance, Potentialities and Fragilities of the educational group of food and nutrition. Eight thematic units emerged in Model A and these were also present in Model B. In addition to these eight, Model B presented four more thematic units. It was verified that in both Models, the experience in a group allowed the recognition of used didactic strategies, incentive to care, gains from living with the other, such as expansion of knowledge and recognition of health benefits, and demand for individualized service. In Model A, the unidirectional relationship between participant and professional was emphasized, bringing it closer to the concept of grouping. In Model B, it was highlighted the social interaction and the existence of the bond between the participants. Conclusion: In both Models, group practice offers strategies that encourage health care, enable learning from socialization, and facilitate the knowledge of demands for individualized attention. Groups that are drawn from a traditional education approach have actions aimed at prevention while groups that use dialogic education approach health promotion actions.

The purpose of this study was to determine if participation in a supermarket tour improves nutrition knowledge and eating behavior in adult participants. Participants were recruited in communities surrounding Food City stores, a local supermarket. Prior to completing a standardized tour, participants completed a survey to assess nutrition knowledge and eating behavior. This survey was given to participants again three months later. A program evaluation was given one time at the end of the tour. Data analysis revealed no significant findings, other than the behavior-based question: “How many meals or snacks on most days included vegetables”. Vegetable consumption appeared to decrease. All participants who completed the program evaluation reported they learned something new as a result of the tour and were satisfied with the experience. These findings suggest that nutrition education provided in supermarkets is well-received by participants, but additional research with objective measures is needed.

No description available.

Undocumented end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the United States only have access to emergency dialysis. To compensate for the lack of regular dialysis these patients must follow strict renal dietary restrictions. However, nutrition counseling by a dietitian is not part of the renal management of patients on emergency dialysis. The purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental treatment-control study was to assess how the application of nutritional counseling that is both culturally and linguistically competent affects dialysis frequency and biochemical lab values such as serum potassium, phosphorus, and vitamin D of patients in emergency dialysis. The study was grounded on the social cognitive theory and consisted of a secondary data analysis of information collected from electronic medical records. The sample size consisted of 96 emergency dialysis patients, 51 from the intervention group, and 45 from the control group. Results from Quade's test revealed there is statistically significant difference in serum levels of phosphorus [F(1,94) = 9.616, p = 0.003] and levels of Vitamin D [F(1,94) = 51.411, p = .000] between the intervention and control groups, controlling for age, gender, and time on dialysis. These findings suggest the implementation of nutrition counseling that is both culturally and linguistically competent can improve phosphorous and vitamin D levels among emergency dialysis patients. The potential social change implication of this study is that its findings may serve to assist health care professionals to design and implement interventions to improve the health status of emergency dialysis patients and reduce their impact on the public health system.