TITLE: The development of health literacy through mother's centers AUTHOR: Renata Hromková DEPARTMENT: Department of Education SUPERVISOR: MUDr. Bc. Rostislav Čevela, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The World Health Organization defines health literacy as "... the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of people to access, understand and use health information to support their health." At present there is a great development of information in this area, but this information is often improper and contradictory. Maternity centers with their programs, which are suitable for the development of health literacy. Since 1992, when the birth of the first in our maternity center has been a great development of these organizations. Now, the covering organization of Mothers' Centers Network, which has a motto on its website: "The hand that moves the cradle moves the world.", Brings together more than 330 maternity centers. This password can be transformed in a plane Health Literacy "Healthy Family = healthy society". Clients maternity centers become often the women already pregnant and traffic concerns mainly families with young children through grandparents, which is a suitable environment for primary prevention in a holistic approach to health. YMCA in the Czech Republic has in its emblem the red...

<p> Healthy nutrition is essential for everyone but in some periods, including pregnancy, people are more susceptible and demand attention for nutrition. According to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), approximately 300 extra calories are needed daily to maintain a healthy pregnancy for women. This study analyzes the effects of health education that is provided to pregnant women who are either seeking an office visit for routine or high-risk pregnancy. This study predicted there is no difference in being referred for any type of health education offered to pregnant women between those who received routine pregnancy care and those with high-risk care. It also predicted there is no difference in whether pregnant women are offered nutrition health education/exercise for receiving routine prenatal care and high-risk care. The Statistical Package for Social Services (SPSS) was applied to analyze the 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data using Chi Square statistics. The results from this study indicated no significant relationship between pregnant women who are either seeking an office visit for routine or high-risk pregnancy, as it relates to health education. These results reassure the importance of health education.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:19:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 salvador_r_dr_jabo.pdf: 343849 bytes, checksum: 71707b8f3990268b373dfeaa6953f1d9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a inter-relação entre a suplementação alimentar com 0,3% de parede celular de levedura e vacinação com extrato oleoso de Streptococcus agalactiae sobre o desempenho produtivo, parâmetros fisiopatológicos e componente celular inflamatório em tilápia do Nilo. Oitenta e quatro tilápia com peso médio inicial de 125,0 + 1,5g foram distribuídas em 12 caixas de fibra, seguindo o esquema fatorial 2x2x3, correspondente a dois níveis de parede celular de levedura (0,0 e 0,3% parede celular), dois tratamentos (solução salina e vacina) e três coletas após o desafio com a bactéria viva (seis, 24 e 48h) com sete repetições. Os peixes foram alimentados durante 77 dias. A vacinação foi realizada 60 dias após o início da alimentação, por meio da inoculação intraperitoneal de 0,5 mL da vacina contendo 108 UFC/mL. Após 15 dias da vacinação, todos os peixes foram submetidos ao desafio com Streptococcus agalactiae vivo, por meio da inoculação intraperitoneal de 108 UFC/mL, veiculadas em 0,5 mL de solução salina (0,85%). As análises do desempenho produtivo mostraram que a suplementação dietética com parede celular de levedura associada à vacinação não influenciou o desempenho produtivo da tilápia do Nilo e o melhor desempenho ocorreu na utilização da parede celular de levedura. Os parâmetros hematológicos mostraram que a suplementação com 0,3% de parede celular de levedura associada à vacinação contra Streptococcus agalactiae em tilápia do Nilo foi essencial para incrementar a hematopoiese. A suplementação alimentar com 0,3% de parede celular de levedura associada à vacinação melhorou a resposta de defesa dos peixes, no que se refere à inflamação aguda e destaca a importância da vacinação. / The work evaluates the interrelation between supplementation diets with 0,3% of cellular wall of yeast and vaccination with oily extract of Streptococcus agalactiae in the growth performance, phisiopathological parameters and inflamatory cellular component of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Eighty four tilapia with initial average weight of 125,0 ± 1,5g were distributed in 12 fiber aquaria, following the factorial design 2x2x3, corresponding to two levels of cellular wall of yeast (0,0 and 0,3% cellular wall), two treatments (saline solution and vaccine) and three collections, after challenge with bacteria (six, 24 and 48h) with seven repetitions. Fish were fed during 77 days. The vaccination was accomplished 60 days after the beginning of the feeding, through inoculation intraperitoneal of 0,5 mL of the vaccine containing 108 UFC/mL. After 15 days of the vaccination, all fishes were challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae, through inoculation intraperitoneal of 108 UFC/ml, diluted in 0,5 mL of saline solution (0,85%). The analyses of the pattern performance showed that supplementation diets with cellular wall of yeast associated to vaccination did not influence the growth performance of Nile tilapia and the best growth performance was obtained using cellular wall of yeast. The phisiopathological parameters showed supplementation diets with 0,3% of cellular wall of yeast associated to the vaccination against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia were essential to increase the hematopoiesis. The supplementation diets with 0,3% of cellular wall of yeast associated to the vaccination improved the immune response of fish, in relation to the sharp inflammation and it detaches the importance of the vaccination.

Au sevrage, la séparation de la mère, le changement d’environnement et la transition d’un régime lacté à un régime solide et complexe déstabilisent les fonctions de digestion et de défense du porcelet. Le sevrage entraîne l’apparition de diarrhées nécessitant souvent l’utilisation d’antibiotiques pour contrôler les infections digestives. L’émergence de souches bactériennes antibiorésistantes est devenue un enjeu de santé publique majeur. Développer des méthodes alternatives aux antibiotiques pour promouvoir la santé du porcelet sevré est une nécessité. L’objectif de la thèse est d’évaluer le potentiel de deux microalgues –la Spiruline et la Chlorelle– pour promouvoir la santé digestive du porcelet au sevrage.Deux essais ont été effectués chez des porcelets sevrés dans des conditions d’hygiène contrastées –standard ou dégradées– recevant ou non 1% de Spiruline ou de Chlorelle dans l’aliment. En conditions d’hygiène standard, la supplémentation en Spiruline ou en Chlorelle a amélioré la digestibilité des nutriments et la morphologie intestinale sans impact sur la croissance du porcelet sevré. En conditions d’hygiène dégradée, la supplémentation en Spiruline ou en Chlorelle a altéré les performances de croissance sans affecter sensiblement les indicateurs de la santé digestive. Dans un troisième essai, une administration orale en microalgues en amont et en aval du sevrage a été testée afin d’évaluer la capacité de la Spiruline ou de la Chlorelle à limiter la déstabilisation précoce du système digestif au sevrage. L’administration orale de Spiruline a favorisé la croissance e / Weaning is a critical step in pig farms. Separation from the sow, change in the environment and dietary transition from liquid milk to a solid diet induces a destabilization of digestive and defense functions in weaned pig. Weaning leads to digestive disorders and growth alteration that often require antibiotic use to alleviate pathogen invasion and mortality. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a major concern for public health. Thus, it has become necessary to find new strategies to promote digestive health in weaned pigs. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of two microalgae – Spirulina and Chlorella – as new functional ingredients to promote digestive health in piglets at weaningTwo trials were conducted in pigs weaned in contrasted sanitary conditions –good or poor–and that received 1% of Spirulina or Chlorella in starter diet. In good sanitary conditions, dietary supplementation with Spirulina and Chlorella both enhanced nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology but did not affect growth performance. In poor sanitary conditions, both Spirulina and Chlorella supplementation altered growth performance with slight effect on indicators of digestive health. In a third trial, oral administration of the two microalgae before and after weaning was assayed to evaluate the ability of Spirulina and Chlorella to limit the early intestinal changes caused by weaning. Spirulina administration before and after weaning enhanced growth in suckling piglets and reduced risk of diarrhoea outcome in weaned pigs. Potential mechanisms of action of Spirulin

The focus of the presented diploma thesis is to evaluate the knowledge of seniors in the field of healthy nutrition. It is furthermore important to find out, whether the seniors have enough relevant information about rational nutrition and which sources they would like to use to gather information about healthy nutrition. Socio-economic aspects, which lead to senior nutrition, are also monitored. A quantitative research strategy and an in-depth interview were used to fulfil the aim of the thesis. The research group of twenty-two seniors was chosen by a method of purposeful sampling. The criteria for choosing seniors were an age between 65 74 years, old age pension, living alone and a responsibility for their own nutrition. The results of this thesis could be helpful to health insurance companies, municipal authorities, senior clubs or non-profit organizations which could create an environment for active education of seniors in the field of healthy nutrition. The seniors could learn to prepare tasteful high-nutrition meals. The seniors in their early phase of old age are the most endangered with obesity amongst all age groups. It is caused by the socioeconomic aspects they were influenced by during their lives. Their dietary habits started to form in the post-war period with the lack of food. They spent their working lives in the era of socialism, in which the selection of food was also restricted. In the nineteen-nineties, the seniors were in their mid-age and their dietary habits were already established. Theoretical knowledge in the field of rational nutrition is substantial, but the seniors are often not willing or lack the ability to create nutritionally balanced and tasteful meals. Therefore, the seniors would benefit from an interactive means of education with the possibility of learning necessary skills and contacting a nutrition specialist with their questions.

No description available.

Orientador: Flávio Ruas de Moraes / Banca: Margaria Maria Barros / Banca: Júlio Hermann Leonhardt / Banca: Maria José Tavares Ranzani de Paiva / Banca: Newton Castagnolli / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a inter-relação entre a suplementação alimentar com 0,3% de parede celular de levedura e vacinação com extrato oleoso de Streptococcus agalactiae sobre o desempenho produtivo, parâmetros fisiopatológicos e componente celular inflamatório em tilápia do Nilo. Oitenta e quatro tilápia com peso médio inicial de 125,0 + 1,5g foram distribuídas em 12 caixas de fibra, seguindo o esquema fatorial 2x2x3, correspondente a dois níveis de parede celular de levedura (0,0 e 0,3% parede celular), dois tratamentos (solução salina e vacina) e três coletas após o desafio com a bactéria viva (seis, 24 e 48h) com sete repetições. Os peixes foram alimentados durante 77 dias. A vacinação foi realizada 60 dias após o início da alimentação, por meio da inoculação intraperitoneal de 0,5 mL da vacina contendo 108 UFC/mL. Após 15 dias da vacinação, todos os peixes foram submetidos ao desafio com Streptococcus agalactiae vivo, por meio da inoculação intraperitoneal de 108 UFC/mL, veiculadas em 0,5 mL de solução salina (0,85%). As análises do desempenho produtivo mostraram que a suplementação dietética com parede celular de levedura associada à vacinação não influenciou o desempenho produtivo da tilápia do Nilo e o melhor desempenho ocorreu na utilização da parede celular de levedura. Os parâmetros hematológicos mostraram que a suplementação com 0,3% de parede celular de levedura associada à vacinação contra Streptococcus agalactiae em tilápia do Nilo foi essencial para incrementar a hematopoiese. A suplementação alimentar com 0,3% de parede celular de levedura associada à vacinação melhorou a resposta de defesa dos peixes, no que se refere à inflamação aguda e destaca a importância da vacinação. / Abstract: The work evaluates the interrelation between supplementation diets with 0,3% of cellular wall of yeast and vaccination with oily extract of Streptococcus agalactiae in the growth performance, phisiopathological parameters and inflamatory cellular component of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Eighty four tilapia with initial average weight of 125,0 ± 1,5g were distributed in 12 fiber aquaria, following the factorial design 2x2x3, corresponding to two levels of cellular wall of yeast (0,0 and 0,3% cellular wall), two treatments (saline solution and vaccine) and three collections, after challenge with bacteria (six, 24 and 48h) with seven repetitions. Fish were fed during 77 days. The vaccination was accomplished 60 days after the beginning of the feeding, through inoculation intraperitoneal of 0,5 mL of the vaccine containing 108 UFC/mL. After 15 days of the vaccination, all fishes were challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae, through inoculation intraperitoneal of 108 UFC/ml, diluted in 0,5 mL of saline solution (0,85%). The analyses of the pattern performance showed that supplementation diets with cellular wall of yeast associated to vaccination did not influence the growth performance of Nile tilapia and the best growth performance was obtained using cellular wall of yeast. The phisiopathological parameters showed supplementation diets with 0,3% of cellular wall of yeast associated to the vaccination against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia were essential to increase the hematopoiesis. The supplementation diets with 0,3% of cellular wall of yeast associated to the vaccination improved the immune response of fish, in relation to the sharp inflammation and it detaches the importance of the vaccination. / Doutor

In the past 30 years, binge eating and obesity has increased among all age groups due to lifestyle, environment, social, and biological reasons. To change eating habits, individuals may have to collaborate with others beyond the medical professional. Societal impacts of binge eating and obesity include increases in insurance rates, medical costs, and increased early-age mortality. The purposes of this study were to assess how individuals are referred to other professionals if they self-identify as binge eaters or obese and to understand personal awareness individuals had of binge eating and obesity. Cognitive behavioral theory was used as the theoretical foundation. A quantitative, non experimental design was used with a nonrandom convenience sampling of residents in a northern US state aged 18 years and older. 166 participants completed a demographic questionnaire and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Chi square analyses indicated a significant relationship between individuals who were obese and the lack of referral to another professional beyond the primary care physician. Individuals over identified with binge eating based on elevated EAT-26 scores, and under identified with obesity based on identifying with lower BMI categories than those set by the American Medical Association. Implications for positive social change include an increased awareness of binge eating and obesity, which can result in reduced medical costs and healthier lifestyles. Prevention and intervention programs can be developed to educate children, parents, and communities about lifestyle choices.

Lack of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is directly linked to the prevalence of obesity and chronic disease in the United States. The USDA Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) offers elementary school teachers access to healthy foods as part of the public school classroom experience. The purpose of this study---which was based on self-efficacy theory and the socio-ecological model---was to examine if an association exists between selected factors: (a) daily fruit and vegetable consumption, training status in the USDA Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP), and an established school nutrition policy and (b) nutrition-teaching self-efficacy (NTSE) among elementary school teachers who participated in the FFVP. Using an online survey, 66 teachers out of 114 (58% response rate) completed a 26-question survey adapted from the Nutrition-Teaching Self-Efficacy Scale and the National Cancer Institute's Food Attitude and Behavior Survey. Based on the results of the chi-square test of association (p = 0.031), an association between daily FV intake and NTSE among teachers involved in the USDA FFVP was confirmed. The odds of having high NTSE are 3.45 higher in those who consume more than 3 cups of combined FV each day (p = 0.029). There were no significant associations between NTSE and FFVP training and established school nutrition policy. The social change implication of this study is that healthier, confident teachers build healthier school environments and create the impetus for increasing FV consumption in the community at large, thereby helping to reduce the risk of obesity and chronic diseases.

Humans, like all animal species, are subject to Bergmann's (1847) and Allen's (1877) environmental rules which summarize physical adaptations to the natural environment. However, humans are in addition cultural animals and other bio-cultural factors such as social, economic and political status, general health, and nutrition, have a noticeable influence on stature and body proportions. Importantly, socio-economic status has a powerful influence on stature, which has been used to elucidate status differences in past societies (Bogin and Loucky, 1997; Floud et al., 1990; Schutkowski, 2000a). Furthermore, bio-cultural factors influence all dimensions of the human body, including weight, relative limb length, and relative length of the different limb segments. Given minimal migration and shared natural environments, all populations in this study, coming as they do from the last 2000 years of English history, should demonstrate similar morphology (c. f Ruff, 1994) if climatic variables were the only influence on stature and body proportions. In order to assess such bio-cultural factors in individuals from archaeological populations, skeletal populations from sites such as known leprosaria and medieval hospitals, rural and urban parish cemeteries, victims from the battle of Towton in A. D. 1461, and individuals from monastic cemeteries were analysed. The osteometric data from these populations were assessedfo r within and between population variability and indicate effects of bio-cultural factors on attained body proportions and stature. The results indicate a strong relationship between bio-cultural factors and body proportions, body mass index, prevalence of pathologies, sexual dimorphism, secular trend, and general stature from Roman times to the post-medieval period. The usefulness of stature, weight, and physical indices as markers of the bio-cultural environment is demonstrated. The main findings include: a greater sensitivity to external stressors in the males rather than the females of the analysed populations, rendering male statures more susceptible to varying bio-cultural conditions; a potential for very tall stature has existed in the analysed populations but was only realised. in very high status individuals in medieval times, and from the beginning 20'h century with better socio-economic conditions for the population at large; a less stratified socio-political environment, as in the late Anglo-Saxon period resulted in taller average male statures that a more stratified one, such as the medieval Nation-States; and medieval monastic institutions could have high status, e.g., the Gilbertines, or lower status, such as the mendicant orders, while leprosaria had the lowest status of all.