Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:35:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_6403_Marcos Vinícius Altoé Vescovi.pdf: 1300065 bytes, checksum: 6e2c0046d766b07baa50393a10676b68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-12 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da exposição por 30 dias à CdCl2 100 mg L-1 sobre a distribuição tecidual deste metal e a consequência sobre a contratilidade miocárdica. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: controle e tratado. A pressão arterial foi mensurada semanalmente no decorrer da exposição. Ao final do tratamento os animais foram anestesiados para avaliação hemodinâmica e sacrificados para avaliação, in vitro, da contratilidade miocárdica e as amostras teciduais e cardíacas foram encaminhadas para análise do teor de cádmio através da técnica de Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica. A concentração sanguínea de cádmio no grupo tratado foi de, aproximadamente, 4 µg dL-1, valor inferior ao índice biológico permitido por leis mundiais vigentes e, como previsto com base em literatura, os principais sítios de deposição do metal foram os rins e o fígado. Desde a primeira semana de exposição, a pressão arterial do grupo tratado mostrou-se elevada e assim permaneceu ao longo das semanas seguintes. A avaliação hemodinâmica evidenciou o aumento da pressão arterial sistólica (Controle: 114 ± 5 vs Tratado: 127 ± 3 mmHg), da diastólica (Controle: 63 ± 2 vs Tratado: 81 ± 4 mmHg), da ventricular esquerda (Controle: 127 ± 2 vs Tradado: 140 ± 4 mmHg) e da frequência cardíaca (Controle: 333 ± 8 vs Tratado: 377 ± 7 mmHg) e, uma redução da pressão diastólica final do ventrículo direito (Controle: 6,4 ± 0,8 vs Tratado: 4,1 ± 0,3 mmHg). In vitro, o tratamento com cádmio não alterou o estado inotrópico (força contrátil e derivadas temporais de força). No entanto, os resultados sugerem alterações no ciclo de cálcio (Ca2+) no cardiomiócito. Houve uma redução no influxo de Ca2+ transarcolemal, e menor receptação de Ca2+ pelo retículo sarcoplasmático do ventrículo direito. Sendo assim, é sugestivo que apesar do cádmio reduzir a eficiência do retículo sarcoplasmático e prejudicar o influxo de cálcio transarcolemal, o miócito dispõe de mecanismos que regulam o inotropismo.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) helps move the mandible and handle the forces associated with mastication. Much like other joints in the body, the TMJ can be afflicted with disorders that impair its function. Osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common degenerative joint diseases worldwide, has been implicated as a prevalent temporomandibular disorder with limited treatment options. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2), a gene important in bone remodeling, has been shown to lead to murine knee OA phenotypes in its germline ablation studies. In this study, the articular chondrocyte-specific ablation of the gene is studied in the temporomandibular joint condylar cartilage of female mice using a Col2CreERT2 knockout system. Micro-CT imaging suggested phenotypic changes in the condylar head samples of the conditional knockout samples in comparison to the control. Safranin o stains on frozen sections revealed phenotypic changes in cell morphology in the deeper layers of the cKO cartilage tissues in comparison to the control. Immunohistochemistry staining indicated a significant decrease in BMP2 protein expression and increasing trends in proteins responsible for cartilage degradation such as MMP13 in cKO samples in comparison to the control. These results suggest that the conditional ablation of Fgf2 results in phenotypic disruptions in the condylar cartilage of the TMJ. Further studies would be needed to indicate the validity behind these apparent disruptions and to further evaluate the molecular markers responsible for these changes.

Open Access zu publizieren, ist noch nicht selbstverständlich für WissenschaftlerInnen in den außeruniversitären Forschungsgemeinschaften. Neue Publikationsmöglichkeiten erfordern neue, prozessbegleitende Services. Der Aufbau eines Open Access Kompetenzzentrums in der Bibliothek ist ein bereits erfolgreicher Weg, die WissenschaftlerInnen umfassend zu informieren und zu unterstützen. Welche Leistungen erbringt das Kompetenzzentrum und wie erwirbt es die notwendige Kompetenz? Im Fallbeispiel 2 soll dargestellt werden, welche administrativen Bereiche das Thema Open Access tangiert, wie diese Bereiche zusammenarbeiten und wie sich dieses Netz für seine Aufgaben qualifiziert.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-208). / xii, 208 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Open Access zu publizieren, ist noch nicht selbstverständlich für WissenschaftlerInnen in den außeruniversitären Forschungsgemeinschaften. Neue Publikationsmöglichkeiten erfordern neue, prozessbegleitende Services. Der Aufbau eines Open Access Kompetenzzentrums in der Bibliothek ist ein bereits erfolgreicher Weg, die WissenschaftlerInnen umfassend zu informieren und zu unterstützen. Welche Leistungen erbringt das Kompetenzzentrum und wie erwirbt es die notwendige Kompetenz? Im Fallbeispiel 2 soll dargestellt werden, welche administrativen Bereiche das Thema Open Access tangiert, wie diese Bereiche zusammenarbeiten und wie sich dieses Netz für seine Aufgaben qualifiziert.:1. Außeruniversitäre Forschung 2. Das Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 3. Bibliothek, Publizieren und Open Access 4. Die nächsten Aufgaben

L’arthrose est une maladie dégénérative des articulations et représente la deuxième cause d’invalidité en France. En raison des liens entre l’obésité et l’arthrose concernant à la fois les articulations portantes et non portantes, nous faisons l’hypothèse que des protéines produites par le tissu adipeux, les adipokines, constituent des facteurs clés impliqués dans cette arthropathie. En premier lieu, nous avons montré que l’expression de la leptine, de l’adiponectine et de leurs récepteurs évolue de façon inverse et dépend fortement de l’état de différenciation des chondrocytes. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons comparé la production des adipokines par le ligament adipeux de Hoffa à celle mesurée dans la graisse sous-cutanée et avons ainsi mis en évidence des différences entre les 2 tissus adipeux. Les travaux réalisés ensuite ont permis de préciser le rôle des adipokines dans l’arthrose. Ainsi, la production d’adiponectine par les chondrocytes augmente lorsque le cartilage se dégrade et apparaît directement reliée à celle de la MMP-13 et du TGF-[bêta]. En revanche, l’expression de son récepteur AdipoR1 est associée à l’expression d’éléments matriciels et d’un facteur de transcription spécifique du cartilage impliqué dans la synthèse de ces éléments. Le traitement des chondrocytes à l’adiponectine a permis de confirmer in vitro les données observées in vivo chez les patients atteints d’arthrose, à savoir que l’adiponectine induit l’expression du TGF-[bêta]et de la MMP-13. Les résultats obtenus avec la leptine indiquent par ailleurs que l’obésité influence fortement la réponse des chondrocytes à cette adipokine. Elle semble ainsi protéger le cartilage chez les patients non obèses en stimulant l’expression de l’IGF-1, du collagène de type 2 et du TIMP-2, mais contribue au processus dégénératif chez les patients obèses en augmentant l’expression de la MMP-13. Enfin l’induction d’une arthrose expérimentale chez le rat Zucker n’ayant pas de récepteur fonctionnel à la leptine a montré que cette adipokine est susceptible de préserver l’articulation des modifications du cartilage et surtout de l’os sous-chondral / Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and represents one of the most frequent and disabling disease. There is a positive association between obesity and OA, and not only for knee joints but also for non-weight-bearing joints suggesting that adipose-derived proteins, namely adipokines, may be some keys factors in OA pathophysiology. First, we found that leptin and adiponectin expression and their receptor evolves in an opposite way and depend on differenciation stage of chondrocyte. The production of adipokines were then compared according to adipose tissue and some differences were found between, the infrapatellat fat pad and subcutaneous adipose tissue. After this work, we aimed to further characterize the role of leptin and adiponectin in OA. Adiponectin production by chondrocytes increases when cartilage is damaged and seems to be directly related with MMP-13 and TGF-[bêta] expression. AdipoR1 expression is associated with the expression of matrix components and with Sox9, a transcription factor involved in their synthesis. Adiponectin treatment confirms data in OA patient, that is adiponectin can induce TGF-[bêta] and MMP-13. Then, we showed obesity influences the chondrocyte responsivness to leptin. This adipokine seems to protect cartilage collected from normal or overweight patient by stimulating IGF-1, type 2 collagen and TIMP-2 expression while leptin increases MMP-13 expression for obese patients. Finally, experimental OA in Zucker rat deficient in leptin receptor, showed the protective effect of leptin on cartilage and on subchondral bone

The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of eleven prediction equations and one prediction table when estimating isoinertial knee extension and leg press one repetition maximum (1-RM) performance in subjects with knee injuries and knee osteoarthritis. Study Design: A descriptive quantitative research study was undertaken utilizing a cross-sectional design. Background: Traumatic injuries and osteoarthritis are common musculoskeletal pathologies that can disrupt normal function of the knee joint. A frequent sequela of these pathologies is quadriceps femoris muscle weakness. Such weakness can contribute to disability and diminished levels of functional and recreational activity. Therefore, safe and accurate methods of measuring maximal strength are required to identify and quantify quadriceps strength deficits. One option proposed in the literature is the use of 1-RM prediction equations which estimate 1-RM performance from the number of repetitions completed with sub-maximal loads. These equations have been investigated previously using healthy populations and subjects with calf muscle injuries. However, to date, no known study has investigated their accuracy in individuals with joint pathologies. Method: Machine-weight seated knee extension and seated leg press exercises were investigated in this study. Twenty subjects with knee injuries and 12 subjects with knee OA completed the testing procedures for the knee extension exercise. Nineteen subjects with knee injuries and 18 subjects with knee OA completed the testing procedures for the leg press exercise. All subjects attended the testing venue on three occasions. At the first visit a familiarization session was carried out. At the second and third visits each subject was randomly assigned to perform either actual or predicted 1-RM testing for both of the exercises. Twelve different prediction methods were used to estimate 1-RM performance from the results. The estimates of 1-RM strength were then compared to actual 1-RM performance to assess the level of conformity between these measures. Statistical procedures including Bland and Altman analyses, intraclass correlation coefficients, typical error and total error of measurement were used in the analyses of the results. In addition, paired t-tests were performed to determine whether actual 1-RM values were significantly different across the control and affected limbs and whether there were any significant differences in predictive accuracy for each equation across the control and affected limbs. Finally, the number of subjects with predicted 1-RM values within 5% or less of their actual 1-RM values was determined for each equation. Results: When the knee injury group performed the knee extension exercise, the Brown, Brzycki, Epley, Lander, Mayhew et al., Poliquin and Wathen prediction methods demonstrated the greatest levels of predictive accuracy. When two atypical subjects were identified and excluded from the analyses, the accuracy of these equations improved further. Following the removal of these two subjects, no significant differences in predictive accuracy were found for any of the equations across the affected and control limbs (p > 0.05). Typical errors and total errors were low for the more accurate prediction methods ranging from 2.4-2.8% and from 2.4-3.5%, respectively. Overall, the Poliquin table appeared to be the most accurate prediction method for this sample (affected limbs: bias 0.3 kg, 95% limits of agreement (LOA) -5.8 to 6.4 kg, typical error as a coefficient of variation (COV) 2.4%, total error of measurement (total error) 2.4%; control limbs: bias -1.3 kg, 95% LOA -9.0 to 6.3 kg, typical error as a COV 2.7%, total error 2.8%). When the knee OA group performed the knee extension exercise, the Brown, Brzycki, Epley, Lander, Mayhew et al., Poliquin and Wathen prediction methods demonstrated the greatest levels of predictive accuracy. No significant differences in predictive accuracy were found for any of the equations across the affected and control limbs (p > 0.05). When an atypical subject was identified and excluded from the analyses, the accuracy of the equations improved further. Typical errors as COVs and total errors for the more accurate prediction methods ranged from 2.5-2.7% and from 2.4-2.9%, respectively. Overall, the Poliquin table appeared to be the most accurate prediction method for this sample (affected limbs: bias 0.9 kg, 95% LOA -4.5 to 6.3 kg, typical error as a COV 2.5%, total error 2.5%; control limbs: bias -0.1 kg, 95% LOA -6.0 to 5.9 kg, typical error as a COV 2.5%, total error 2.4%). When the knee injury group performed the leg press, the Adams, Berger, Lombardi and O’Connor equations demonstrated the greatest levels of predictive accuracy. No significant differences in predictive accuracy were found for any of the equations across the affected and control limbs (p > 0.05). Typical errors as COVs and total errors for the more accurate equations ranged from 2.8-3.2% and from 2.9-3.3%, respectively. Overall, the Berger (affected limbs: bias -0.4 kg, 95% LOA -7.2 to 6.3 kg, typical error as a COV 3.2%, total error 3.2%; control limbs: bias 0.1 kg, 95% LOA -6.6 to 6.7 kg, typical error as a COV 3.1%, total error 3.0%) and O’Connor equations (affected limbs: bias -0.6 kg, 95% LOA-6.8 to 5.7 kg, typical error as a COV 2.9%, total error 3.0%; control limbs: bias -0.2 kg, 95% LOA -6.9 to 6.4 kg, typical error as a COV 2.9%, total error 2.9%) appeared to be the most accurate prediction methods for this sample. When the knee OA group performed the leg press, the Adams, Berger, KLW, Lombardi and O’Connor equations demonstrated the greatest levels of predictive accuracy. No significant differences in predictive accuracy were found for any of the equations across the affected and control limbs (p > 0.05). The typical errors as COVs and the total error values for the more accurate prediction methods were the highest observed in this study, ranging from 5.8-6.0% and from 5.7-6.2%, respectively. Overall, the Adams, Berger, KLW and O’Connor equations appeared to be the most accurate prediction methods for this sample. However, it is possible that the predicted leg press 1-RM values produced by the knee OA group might not have matched actual 1-RM values closely enough to be clinically acceptable for some purposes. Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggested that the Poliquin table produced the most accurate estimates of knee extension 1-RM performance for both the knee injury and knee OA groups. In contrast, the Berger and O’Connor equations produced the most accurate estimates of leg press 1-RM performance for the knee injury group, while the Adams, Berger, KLW and O’Connor equations produced the most accurate results for the knee OA group. However, the higher error values observed for the knee OA group suggested that predicted leg press 1-RM performance might not be accurate enough for some clinical purposes. Finally, it can be concluded that no single prediction equation was able to accurately estimate both knee extension and leg press 1-RM performance in subjects with knee injuries and knee OA.

In this study, based on the basic theory model ¢wGordon-Schaefer model is used to discuss the equilibrium levels for yellowfin tuna in the Western and Central Pacific of open access (OA) and present value maximization (MPV). And then to compare the catches and the stocks on the two model¡¦s equilibrium value, the result shows the management of yellowfin tuna in the Western and Central Pacific tend to MPV model, the regional fisheries organization (RFMO) to detect the implementation of the measures (MCS) is significant; in addition, use sensitivity analysis and then to understand the changes on the stocks and the effort quantities effected by varying different parameters. In OA, if you want to get effectively maintain the sustainability of the stocks, should be considered to reduce the price and the catch coefficient, increase the cost per unit of effort to control; in MPV, we can understand that the catch coefficient and the intrinsic growth rate have a bigger influence in the effort quantities; Finally, by simulating the catches and the stocks, that if it can continue to effectively manage fishery by MCS in the future, the catches and the stocks of yellowfin tuna will tend to balance the value of MPV, and so on, not only resources effective use of maximum profit and maintaining our fleet of ocean-going business interests, but also resources can be sustainable.

No description available.

The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of eleven prediction equations and one prediction table when estimating isoinertial knee extension and leg press one repetition maximum (1-RM) performance in subjects with knee injuries and knee osteoarthritis. Study Design: A descriptive quantitative research study was undertaken utilizing a cross-sectional design. Background: Traumatic injuries and osteoarthritis are common musculoskeletal pathologies that can disrupt normal function of the knee joint. A frequent sequela of these pathologies is quadriceps femoris muscle weakness. Such weakness can contribute to disability and diminished levels of functional and recreational activity. Therefore, safe and accurate methods of measuring maximal strength are required to identify and quantify quadriceps strength deficits. One option proposed in the literature is the use of 1-RM prediction equations which estimate 1-RM performance from the number of repetitions completed with sub-maximal loads. These equations have been investigated previously using healthy populations and subjects with calf muscle injuries. However, to date, no known study has investigated their accuracy in individuals with joint pathologies. Method: Machine-weight seated knee extension and seated leg press exercises were investigated in this study. Twenty subjects with knee injuries and 12 subjects with knee OA completed the testing procedures for the knee extension exercise. Nineteen subjects with knee injuries and 18 subjects with knee OA completed the testing procedures for the leg press exercise. All subjects attended the testing venue on three occasions. At the first visit a familiarization session was carried out. At the second and third visits each subject was randomly assigned to perform either actual or predicted 1-RM testing for both of the exercises. Twelve different prediction methods were used to estimate 1-RM performance from the results. The estimates of 1-RM strength were then compared to actual 1-RM performance to assess the level of conformity between these measures. Statistical procedures including Bland and Altman analyses, intraclass correlation coefficients, typical error and total error of measurement were used in the analyses of the results. In addition, paired t-tests were performed to determine whether actual 1-RM values were significantly different across the control and affected limbs and whether there were any significant differences in predictive accuracy for each equation across the control and affected limbs. Finally, the number of subjects with predicted 1-RM values within 5% or less of their actual 1-RM values was determined for each equation. Results: When the knee injury group performed the knee extension exercise, the Brown, Brzycki, Epley, Lander, Mayhew et al., Poliquin and Wathen prediction methods demonstrated the greatest levels of predictive accuracy. When two atypical subjects were identified and excluded from the analyses, the accuracy of these equations improved further. Following the removal of these two subjects, no significant differences in predictive accuracy were found for any of the equations across the affected and control limbs (p > 0.05). Typical errors and total errors were low for the more accurate prediction methods ranging from 2.4-2.8% and from 2.4-3.5%, respectively. Overall, the Poliquin table appeared to be the most accurate prediction method for this sample (affected limbs: bias 0.3 kg, 95% limits of agreement (LOA) -5.8 to 6.4 kg, typical error as a coefficient of variation (COV) 2.4%, total error of measurement (total error) 2.4%; control limbs: bias -1.3 kg, 95% LOA -9.0 to 6.3 kg, typical error as a COV 2.7%, total error 2.8%). When the knee OA group performed the knee extension exercise, the Brown, Brzycki, Epley, Lander, Mayhew et al., Poliquin and Wathen prediction methods demonstrated the greatest levels of predictive accuracy. No significant differences in predictive accuracy were found for any of the equations across the affected and control limbs (p > 0.05). When an atypical subject was identified and excluded from the analyses, the accuracy of the equations improved further. Typical errors as COVs and total errors for the more accurate prediction methods ranged from 2.5-2.7% and from 2.4-2.9%, respectively. Overall, the Poliquin table appeared to be the most accurate prediction method for this sample (affected limbs: bias 0.9 kg, 95% LOA -4.5 to 6.3 kg, typical error as a COV 2.5%, total error 2.5%; control limbs: bias -0.1 kg, 95% LOA -6.0 to 5.9 kg, typical error as a COV 2.5%, total error 2.4%). When the knee injury group performed the leg press, the Adams, Berger, Lombardi and O’Connor equations demonstrated the greatest levels of predictive accuracy. No significant differences in predictive accuracy were found for any of the equations across the affected and control limbs (p > 0.05). Typical errors as COVs and total errors for the more accurate equations ranged from 2.8-3.2% and from 2.9-3.3%, respectively. Overall, the Berger (affected limbs: bias -0.4 kg, 95% LOA -7.2 to 6.3 kg, typical error as a COV 3.2%, total error 3.2%; control limbs: bias 0.1 kg, 95% LOA -6.6 to 6.7 kg, typical error as a COV 3.1%, total error 3.0%) and O’Connor equations (affected limbs: bias -0.6 kg, 95% LOA-6.8 to 5.7 kg, typical error as a COV 2.9%, total error 3.0%; control limbs: bias -0.2 kg, 95% LOA -6.9 to 6.4 kg, typical error as a COV 2.9%, total error 2.9%) appeared to be the most accurate prediction methods for this sample. When the knee OA group performed the leg press, the Adams, Berger, KLW, Lombardi and O’Connor equations demonstrated the greatest levels of predictive accuracy. No significant differences in predictive accuracy were found for any of the equations across the affected and control limbs (p > 0.05). The typical errors as COVs and the total error values for the more accurate prediction methods were the highest observed in this study, ranging from 5.8-6.0% and from 5.7-6.2%, respectively. Overall, the Adams, Berger, KLW and O’Connor equations appeared to be the most accurate prediction methods for this sample. However, it is possible that the predicted leg press 1-RM values produced by the knee OA group might not have matched actual 1-RM values closely enough to be clinically acceptable for some purposes. Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggested that the Poliquin table produced the most accurate estimates of knee extension 1-RM performance for both the knee injury and knee OA groups. In contrast, the Berger and O’Connor equations produced the most accurate estimates of leg press 1-RM performance for the knee injury group, while the Adams, Berger, KLW and O’Connor equations produced the most accurate results for the knee OA group. However, the higher error values observed for the knee OA group suggested that predicted leg press 1-RM performance might not be accurate enough for some clinical purposes. Finally, it can be concluded that no single prediction equation was able to accurately estimate both knee extension and leg press 1-RM performance in subjects with knee injuries and knee OA.