This diploma thesis deals with the content of the consumer contract and its regulation from the perspective of consumers. The aim of this thesis is to analyse this particular regulation, decide whether it is sufficient, where can be seen some deficiencies and whether the regulations fulfil its function, that is to protect the weaker party. The thesis is divided into five fundamental parts. The first one is concerned with the introductory issues, such as the consumer itself, consumer protection, why is the consumer actually protected, the principles on which is the protection based. The second part looks into the unfair terms in consumer contracts. The emphasis is placed on problematic provisions with respect to the Court of Justice case-law as well as the national case-law. An independent head is devoted to the possibility of the contractual penalty in terms of trade. The third section deals with contractual information requirements. It summarizes the European regulation. It also compares the preceding regulation with the new one in order to find the current tendencies. The contractual information requirements are viewed critically, based on specialized comments and analysis. The national regulation is divided into the general regulation and consumer regulation considering the difference between...

1 Summary Starověká teologie Samaritánů: specifická funkce interpolací, duplikací a dalších textových změn v Samaritánském pentateuchu Ancient Theology of the Samaritans: Specific Interpolation, Duplication, and Other Text Changes in the Samaritan Pentateuch Klára Verzichová This thesis focuses primarily on the development of the Ten Commandments in the Samaritan Pentateuch, which is relatively neglected in the Czech Republic. The Samaritan Pentateuch belongs to fascinating text witnesses like the Qumran texts, whose discovery has been a major shift in the theories of biblical texts. A specific feature of the Samaritan Ten Command is the addition of the 10th commandment, which is the compilation of several verses from Deuteronomy. Who and when added the 10th commandment is still the subject of speculation. The aim of the dissertation was to concentrate all relevant text witnesses from the Qumran texts, to analyze them, to provide a probable translation (due to fragmentary form of many of them) and then to compare each other with the Samaritan and Masoretic texts. The aim is, therefore, a biography of the Decalogue - the reconstruction of the textual development of the Samaritan Decalogue and its transformation over time. The text of the work also deals with the general introduction of the Samaritan...

The growing concern for the shortage of primary care physicians (PCPs) prompted a government legislation to designate areas where shortage in the delivery of primary care services occurs. The implemented systems (e.g., HPSA, MUA, and MUP) analyze utilization of health services within confined administrative units and fail to account for spatial interactions that occur across administrative borders. This research examines the spatial accessibility to PCPs and the underlying demographic and socioeconomic settings. With the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as a study area, this study utilized data from the U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, as well as the known locations of (PCPs) collected in 2010. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provided the tools by which the processing and analysis of the data was carried out. Specifically, network analysis was applied to estimate travel time and service area coverage. A Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method was implemented to measure spatial accessibility to PCPs. This method was applied to measure accessibility at the level (census block) that most accurately represents the spatial population of the Nashville MSA. In addition, this research implemented several distance-decay functions in addition to the dichotomous function of the standard 2SFCA method. This research has found that the majority of the population residing in the Nashville MSA enjoyed good spatial accessibility to PCPs. However, the highest percentages of those resided in areas of low accessibility were located in periphery rural areas as well as isolated areas poorly connected to the roadway network due to certain physical barriers such as lakes and streams. Moreover, this research has found that, in general, non-spatial factors intensified the most where there was good accessibility to PCPs.

For most kind of analyses in the field of traffic planning, there is a need for origin--destination (OD) matrices, which specify the travel demands between the origin and destination nodes in the network. This thesis concerns the OD-matrix estimation problem, that is, the calculation of OD-matrices using observed link flows. Both time-independent and time-dependent models are considered, and we also study the placement of link flow detectors. Many methods have been suggested for OD-matrix estimation in time-independent models, which describe an average traffic situation. We assume a user equilibrium to hold for the link flows in the network and recognize a bilevel structure of the estimation problem. A descent heuristic is proposed, in which special attention is given to the issue of calculating the change of a link flow with respect to a change of the travel demand in a certain pair of origin and destination nodes. When a time-dimension is considered, the estimation problem becomes more complex. Besides the problem of distributing the travel demand onto routes, the flow propagation in time and space must also be handled. The time-dependent OD-matrix estimation problem is the subject for two studies. The first is a case study, where the conventional estimation technique is improved through introducing pre-adjustment schemes, which exploit the structure of the information contained in the OD-matrix and the link flow observations. In the second study, an algorithm for time-independent estimation is extended to the time-dependent case and tested for a network from Stockholm, Sweden. Finally, we study the underlying problem of finding those links where traffic flow observations are to be performed, in order to ensure the best possible quality of the estimated OD-matrix. There are different ways of quantifying a common goal to cover as much traffic as possible, and we create an experimental framework in which they can be evaluated. Presupposing that consistent flow observations from all the links in the network yields the best estimate of the OD-matrix, the lack of observations from some links results in a relaxation of the estimation problem, and a poorer estimate. We formulate the problem to place link flow detectors as to achieve the least relaxation with a limited number of detectors.

Ce travail présente une étude théorique et expérimentale portant sur le concept de Moteur Hybride Pneumatique ( MHP). En première approche, un modèle 0D d'un MHP monocylindre, incluant un sous-modèle cinématique original pour l'actuateur entièrement variable muant la soupape de charge, est présenté puis exploité. La modélisation 1D de la dynamique des gaz dans chaque tubulure est traitée, incluant différents modèles de Condition Limite de Soupape (CLS), basées sur la méthode des caractéristiques et issues de la littérature. Il est montré que ces CLS ne sont pas adaptées à la modélisation d'un MHP : existence de chocs numériques, problème de non-convergence et mise en défaut face à des relevés expérimentaux. Un modèle original de CLS, évitant ces problèmes et demeurant basé sur la méthode des caractéristiques, est alors développé puis validé expérimentalement à la foi sur bancs d'essais moteurs et de dynamique des gaz à la soupape. Une étude expérimentale des échanges de chaleur convectifs, en mode pneumatique et sans combustion, est conduite et débouche alors sur une modification nécessaire de la corrélation standard de Woschni, afin de correctement décrire l'extinction du mouvement de tumble en fin de course de compression. Une exploitation de la plate-forme de simulation 1D de MHP monocylindre, incluant l'ensemble des éléments développés, est finalement conduite afin de déterminer les phasages optimums d'ouverture et de fermeture de la soupape de charge, pour différents mode et conditions opératoires. Cette étude, nécessaire à de futures simulations de cycles routier, confirme d'une part, la viabilité du concept et d'autre part, montre l'importance que revêt la prise en compte de la cinématique de l'actuateur soupape et de la dynamique des gaz dans la tubulure de charge.

Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a été effectué sur l'expérience DELPHI située auprès du collisionneur LEP. Nous commençons par décrire l'appareillage, son fonctionnement et ses performances ainsi que les types de bruit de fond simulant les désintégrations du Z0. Nous décrivons ensuite le fonctionnement du déclenchement dans DELPHI et plus spécifiquement dans le Détecteur Externe. Son efficacité de déclenchement de premier et second niveaux est calculée et le travail effectué pour la réalisation d'un troisième niveau est exposé. Une méthode originale destinée à rejeter les événements hors temps est également présentée. Nous continuons par une description théorique du canal électron-positron en deux muons puis par une étude des critères de sélection de ces événements ainsi que leurs différentes corrections. Nous présentons ensuite les résultats obtenus par trois méthodes pour la section efficace et l'asymétrie avant-arrière dans le canal muonique. Un ajustement sur les données fournit la valeur des constantes de couplage axiale et vectorielle ainsi que celle de l'angle faible. Finalement une étude sur la distribution en acolinéarité des événements et la comparaison avec les prédictions d'un Monte-Carlo est exposée.

This study was to investigate theory and application of Osmotic Distillation (OD). OD is a new novel membrane separation process used for the concentration of aqueous solutions such as fruit juices without the application of heat. The present work was undertaken to investigate flux limitations focusing on feedside, membrane and stripper side characteristics of OD. Once the limiting areas were identified, further studies were undertaken to determine methods of minimizing those limitations without losing the quality and integrity of the liquid feed. A laboratory scale OD system was used to simulate the industrial process which takes place during the production of grape juice concentrate for the fruit juice industry. Results of a UF pretreatment study showed that the use of UF membranes with pore diameters of 0.1 fÝm or less as a pretreatment for the subsequent OD of grape juice resulted in significant increases in OD flux over that observed for juice not subjected to UF. The study of the physical properties of the feed played an important role in the explanation of the OD process. The increase in OD flux was attributed to a reduction in juice viscosity as the result of the removal of protein and other high molecular weight components. Apart from an increase in OD flux, UF pretreatment of the grape juice proved to be beneficial in other areas of the OD process. HPLC measurements showed that the normal concentration of fermentable sugars in standard 68 oBrix concentrate can be achieved at a lower Brix value in feed subjected to UF pretreatment, further reducing the need to handle highly viscous feeds. UF pretreatment also resulted in an increase in juice surface tension consequently reducing the tendency for membrane wet-out to occur. The study of the deoxygenation of the feed solution shows that the removal of dissolved gases by the pre boiling method and the perstraction with chemical reaction (PCR) method both had a positive affect on OD flux. Pre boiling the brine resulted in an indirect reduction in dissolved oxygen in the feed. Pre boiling both the feed and brine, further increased the flux. Throughout the PCR study, it was evident that stripper side mass transfer of O2 was not limited by flowrate but was limited by higher stripper concentration. However, the latter had an insignificant effect when the sulfite-oxygen reaction was catalysed. The use of a catalyst and increase in temperature gave a significant improvement in overall mass transfer coefficient. Ten types of hydrophobic microporous membranes were tested for their influence on OD flux. While the pore diameter is a considerable factor in mass transport of gases through the membrane, it was also noted that the type of membrane material used had an affect on the overall mass transfer. All top three performing membranes had pore diameters of 0.2 x 10-6 m and were made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The choice of brine to use as the stripper was based on criteria that were confirmed by the brine studies performed here. The best performing stripper solutions demonstrating the greatest improvement in OD flux over the most commonly used brines, NaCl, CaCl2 and CH3COOK were aqueous solutions of potassium salts of phosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid and blends thereof. These salts agreed with all the required characteristics of a suitable brine, demonstrating high solubility rates, supporting the ability to lower water vapour pressure. The study of the corrosion effects of brine salts confirmed the phosphate salts are superior demonstrating some of the lowest corrosion rates and highest pH.

Graduation theses will research the actual attitudes towards problems of drugs, drug dependences and the antidrug preventive programs at schools of teachers {--} the school metodist of primary prevention and teachers of whom the primary prevention is not special part of their work.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe various methods for examining loci of points of given properties. I have chosen both the classical approach and new technologies such as dynamic geometry software GeoGebra or a programme from CAS (Computer Algebra System). The topic loci of points of given properties is often very difficult for pupils to understand, therefore it is important to look at it from various points of view, to choose interesting application tasks and thus motivate learners in their studies. In this paper I present several suggestions for more attractive and amusing ways of teaching this issue at primary, secondary and university level of education.

The goal of the thesis was to analyze reproductive performance of sows in a selected breeding facility during a three-year period. 602 litters of the breed Czech Large White pig (CLW), 7 632 litters of the Czech Large White the Czech Landrace pig (CL) and 397 litters of the Czech Landrace Czech Large White were included in my observation. The average number of born piglets 15.43 was reached in the basic set of sows, out of which there were 14.25 live-born piglets. The highest number of all born piglets was found in CL CLW (16.25 pcs), followed by CLW (16.03 pcs) and CLW CL (15.34 pcs). The highest number of live-born piglets was found in CLW (14.51 pcs), then with a slight gap followed CL CLW (14.36 pcs) and the lowest number was found in CLW CL (14.22 pcs). The average age at first conception of sows was 235.7 days. Sows, younger than 229 days at first conception gave birth to 0.39 piglets more than sows of the age 230-250 days at first conception (13.42 or 13.03 piglets). The average gestation length was 115.7 days. More piglets were born to sows with gestation length shorter than 115 days, than to sows with gestation length 115 days and more (14.55 or 14.18). The difference of 0.37 piglets was statistically confirmed as highly relevant. The average length of weaning-to-conception interval was 5 days (4.97). More piglets (by 0.44) were born to sows that were serviced within 4 days after weaning, than to sows serviced within 5 and more days (15.03 or 14.58). The difference was confirmed as statistically highly relevant. The average length of farrowing interval was found 152.9 days. Sows were categorized into three groups based on this interval, 132145 days, 146-160 days and 161200 days. Most piglets were born to sows with farrowing interval 146160 days (14.58) and least to sows with farrowing interval 161200 days (14.51).