<p>This thesis work carries out a study of IEEE 802.16 standards and mainly concentrates on the 802.16a OFDM PHY layer. A Simulink model based on 802.16a OFDM PHY baseband is built for simulation and performance evaluation. All mandatory blocks in the 802.16a OFDM-PHY specification are included: Randomization, FEC,adaptive modulation, and IFFT/FFT. A multipath Rayleigh fading channel is implemented and frequency domain channel estimation is selected for this model. Perfect synchronization is assumed.</p>

<p>DVB (Digital video broadcasting) is the television digital system. It's however much more than a simple replacement for existing analogue television transmission, this system has many advantages such as picture quality and allows you a range of new features and services including subtitling, multiple audio tracks, interactive content, multimedia content... </p><p>The system is based in the OFDM technology, which allows DVB system to exploit the spectrum frequencies in a better way, saving spectrum, but OFDM has an important drawback that is the peak to average power ratio problem. OFDM is based on the FFT algorithms generating several orthogonal subcarriers. This thesis talks about the improvement of the PAPR problem using the clipping method. </p><p>The simulation has been developed in Simulink® and Matlab®. With all the information presented in this thesis, any user can simulate the system. Thus, this thesis can be improved using other using other techniques to solve the PAPR problem.</p>

<p>Inom detta examensarbete implementeras i SIMULINK en modell av ett trådlöst överföringssystem enligt IEEE802.11a standarden. Modellen klarar av att hantera störningskällor som är vanligt förekommande i den miljö applikationen operar på. Denna modell utvärderas sedan för att avgöra dess belastningsförmåga och vid vilka värden den brister.</p><p>Första delen av rapporten beskriver målsättningen och syftet med detta examensarbete, samt metodvalet och rapportens uppläggning som tillämpats.</p><p>Rapportens andra del innehåller en allmän beskrivning av digital radiokommunikation och OFDM-baserade system. Därefter beskrivs teorin av både sändaren och mottagaren enligt IEEE802.11a standarden. Slutligen behandlas ett flertal vanligt förekommande synkroniseringsalgoritmer som har blivit publicerade.</p><p>I rapportens tredje del diskuteras de verktyg som har använts för att bygga modellen. Denna del fortsätter sedan med att kort beskriva valen av de algoritmer som har tillämpats i modellen.</p><p>Fjärde och sista delen av rapporten delas in i två kapitel. I första kapitlet sker de simuleringar som erfordras för att kunna utvärdera modellen. Examensarbetet knyts sedan ihop vid resultatkapitlet, där även förslag på fortsatt arbete diskuteras.</p> / En ny version av examensarbetet har lagts till i listan (nr. 2) på begäran av författaren med anledning av att författaren har bytt namn.

<p>CMMB (China Multimedia Mobile Broadingcasting) is a wireless broadcastingchannel standard for low bandwidth, low cost hand-held digital TV is adopted byall continental Chinese government TV broadcasting companies and some HongKong private TV broadcasting companies. The business potential is high, yet thefuture is hard to predict because it might be replaced by GB200600 or DTMB. Thedigital modulation is based on OFDM with pilot supporting channel estimationand equalization and CP supporting multi-path induced ISI problems.This thesis investigates the implement a CMMB system using a SDR platform.Simulation chain was implemented using MATLAB with full data precision includingCMMB transmitter and receiver. The transmitter behavior model includes RSencoder, LDPC encoder, OFDM modulation, etc. The receiver behavior modelincludes OFDM demodulation, channel estimation, channel equalization, LDPCdecoder, RS decoder, etc. Different channel models emulating pathloss, whitenoise, multi-path, and glitch were modeled. Based on the simulation chain andchannel models, T-domain, F-domain channel estimator and equalizer were implemented,optimized. Optimized TD-FD models for different mobility scenarioswere proposed. The focus of the thesis is on 2D (FD-TD) channel estimation andequalization.</p>

<p>In order to be competitive with emerging mobile systems and to satisfy the ever growing request for higher data rates, the 3G consortium, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), is currently developing concepts for a long term evolution (LTE) of the 3G standard. The LTE-concept at Ericsson is based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as downlink air interface. OFDM enables the use of frequency domain link adaptation to select the most appropriate transmission parameters according to current channel conditions, in order to maximize the throughput and maintain the delay at a desired level. The purpose of this thesis work is to study, implement and evaluate different link adaptation algorithms. The main focus is on modulation adaptation, where the differences in performance between time domain and frequency domain adaptation are investigated. The simulations made in this thesis are made with a simulator developed at Ericsson. Simulations show in general that the cell throughput is enhanced by an average of 3% when using frequency domain modulation adaptation. When using the implemented frequency domain power allocation algorithm, a gain of 23-36% in average is seen in the users 5th percentile throughput. It should be noted that the simulations use a realistic web traffic model, which makes the channel quality estimation (CQE) difficult. The CQE has great impact on the performance of frequency domain adaptation. Throughput improvements are expected when using an improved CQE or interference avoidance schemes. The gains with frequency domain adaptation shown in this thesis work may be too small to motivate the extra signalling overhead required. The complexity of the implemented frequency domain power allocation algorithm is also very high compared to the performance enhancement seen.</p>

<p>The demand for reliable high rate and efficient communication is ever increasing. In this thesis we look at two different problems in such systems, and their possible solutions.</p><p>In recent years orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has gone from a promising data transmission technique to become a mainstream technique used in several current and future standards. The main attractive property of OFDM is that it is inherently resilient to multipath reflections because of its long symbol time. However, this comes at the cost of a relatively high sensitivity to carrier frequency offsets (CFOs).</p><p>In this thesis we present a technique for CFO estimation in OFDM systems that is based on locating the spectral minimas within so-called null or virtual subcarriers embedded in the spectrum.~The spectral minimas are found iteratively over a number of symbols and is therefore mainly useful for frequency offset tracking or in systems where an estimate is not immediately required, such as in TV or radio broadcasting systems. However, complexity wise the estimator is relatively easy to implement and it does not need any extra redundancy beside a nonmodulated subcarrier. The estimator performance is studied both in a channel with additive white Gaussian noise and in a frequency selective channel environment.</p><p>A goal for many years has been to be able to implement as much as possible of a radio system in the digital domain, the ultimate goal being so called software defined radio (SDR). One important part of an SDR receiver is the high speed analog-to-digital converter(ADC) and one path to reach this goal is to use a number of parallel, time-interleaved, ADCs. Such ADCs are, however, sensitive to sampling instant offsets, DC offset and gain offset.</p><p>This thesis also discusses iterative time-delay estimators (TDEs) utilizing adjustable fractional-delay filters. The TDEs could for example be used to estimate and calibrate the relative delay between the ADCs comprising the time interleaved ADC. TDEs using a direct correlator and an average squared difference function are compared. Furthermore, an analysis of the effects of the batch length dependence is presented.</p> / Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2006:33.

<p>This thesis discusses and investigates the estimation of carrier offset frequency in</p><p>orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) mobile systems. The investigation</p><p>starts by using Mobile WiMAX wireless communication specifications described</p><p>in IEEE 802.16e as the primary system setup. Under this setup orthogonal</p><p>frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is used as a physical layer scheme; it</p><p>also involves the use of pilots in the OFDM symbol for channel estimation.</p><p>Although OFDM is resistant to multipath fading, it requires a high degree of synchronisation</p><p>to maintain sub-carrier orthogonality. Therefore the level of performance</p><p>of the system depends first on the accuracy in estimating the carrier frequency</p><p>offset and then the estimation of the channel. Maximum likelihood estimator</p><p>is used for estimating carrier frequency offset; its performance under different conditions</p><p>for example SNR, number of virtual carriers needed for estimation etc. are</p><p>simulated and compared with theoretical results. The optimality of IEEE 802.16e</p><p>specifications was also examined during the simulations and results analysis.</p>

Home networking is becoming an attractive application not only for the Internet access but also for home automation. Being a high-speed and dominant standard presently, HomePlug has an important role in home LAN connecting to the Internet. For industrial applications, the Power Line Communication also has significant advances. However, the PHY/MAC technology provided by HomePlug still cannot be employed with some critical features such as real time performance, implications in the event of link and node loss. In this paper, the characteristics of HomePlug PHY/MAC, the property of power line channel, as well as the noise features of power line are analyzed. Based on HomePlug, a model of high level real-time protocol applied to industrial environment is proposed. The protocol simultaneously belongs to layer two and three, and can support real-time implementation with no loss and small delay according to the requirement in PLC networks, for targeting to develop a real time network with high speed power line media and advanced modulation. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

The demand for reliable high rate and efficient communication is ever increasing. In this thesis we look at two different problems in such systems, and their possible solutions. In recent years orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has gone from a promising data transmission technique to become a mainstream technique used in several current and future standards. The main attractive property of OFDM is that it is inherently resilient to multipath reflections because of its long symbol time. However, this comes at the cost of a relatively high sensitivity to carrier frequency offsets (CFOs). In this thesis we present a technique for CFO estimation in OFDM systems that is based on locating the spectral minimas within so-called null or virtual subcarriers embedded in the spectrum.~The spectral minimas are found iteratively over a number of symbols and is therefore mainly useful for frequency offset tracking or in systems where an estimate is not immediately required, such as in TV or radio broadcasting systems. However, complexity wise the estimator is relatively easy to implement and it does not need any extra redundancy beside a nonmodulated subcarrier. The estimator performance is studied both in a channel with additive white Gaussian noise and in a frequency selective channel environment. A goal for many years has been to be able to implement as much as possible of a radio system in the digital domain, the ultimate goal being so called software defined radio (SDR). One important part of an SDR receiver is the high speed analog-to-digital converter(ADC) and one path to reach this goal is to use a number of parallel, time-interleaved, ADCs. Such ADCs are, however, sensitive to sampling instant offsets, DC offset and gain offset. This thesis also discusses iterative time-delay estimators (TDEs) utilizing adjustable fractional-delay filters. The TDEs could for example be used to estimate and calibrate the relative delay between the ADCs comprising the time interleaved ADC. TDEs using a direct correlator and an average squared difference function are compared. Furthermore, an analysis of the effects of the batch length dependence is presented. / Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2006:33.

Cooperative communications is a class of techniques which seek to improve reliability and throughput in wireless systems by pooling the resources of distributed nodes. While cooperation can occur at different network layers and time scales, physical layer cooperation at symbol time scales offers the largest benefit. However, symbol level cooperation poses significant implementation challenges, especially in the context of a network of distributed nodes. We first present the design and implementation of a complete cooperative physical layer transceiver, built from scratch on the Wireless Open-Access Research Platform (WARP). In our implementation fully distributed nodes employ physical layer cooperation at symbol time scales without requiring a central synchronization source. Our design supports per-packet selection of non-cooperative or cooperative communication, with cooperative links utilizing either amplify-and-forward or decode-and-forward relaying. A single design implements transmission, reception and relaying, allowing each node to assume the role of source, destination or relay per packet. We also present experimental methodologies for evaluating our design and extensive experimental results of our transceiver's performance under a variety of topologies and propagation conditions. Our methods are designed to test both overall performance and to isolate and understand the underlying causes of performance limitations. Our results clearly demonstrate significant performance gains (more than 50× improvement in PER in some topologies) provided by physical layer cooperation even when subject to the constraints of a real-time implementation. As with all our work on WARP, our transceiver design and experimental framework are available via the open-source WARP repository for use by other wireless researchers.