Os acidentes de trânsito são uma das principais causas de morte e invalidez no mundo inteiro, e projeções indicam que sua participação entre essas causas tende a aumentar no futuro. Estima-se que o fator humano contribua para a ocorrência de mais de 90% dos acidentes, e grande parte desta contribuição advém do comportamento. Nesta dissertação de mestrado, buscou-se identificar e caracterizar medidas de segurança de trânsito conforme sua influência em inibir o cometimento de infrações à legislação de trânsito por parte dos motoristas. Para tanto, foram conduzidas uma pesquisa qualitativa e uma pesquisa quantitativa. A pesquisa qualitativa, realizada através da técnica de Grupos Focados, foi utilizada para identificar as principais infrações de trânsito que contribuem para a ocorrência de acidentes, além de coletar subsídios para a elaboração da pesquisa quantitativa. Esta, por sua vez, consistiu na aplicação de um questionário auto-relatado a motoristas de automóvel da cidade de Porto Alegre. Como resultado, a pesquisa qualitativa indicou que as infrações que mais contribuem para os acidentes são a embriaguez, o excesso de velocidade e o avanço de sinal vermelho de semáforo. A pesquisa quantitativa permitiu concluir que as medidas de segurança de trânsito que mais influenciam os motoristas a não cometerem infrações de trânsito são aquelas relacionadas à restrição de direitos, como apreensão do veículo ou suspensão da habilitação, e à possibilidade de ser flagrado pelas autoridades. Por outro lado, as campanhas de conscientização na mídia demonstraram ser o tipo de medida com menor potencial para influenciar o comportamento dos motoristas. / Road traffic crashes are one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide, and it is believed that their share among these causes will grow in the future. The human factor contributes to over 90% of traffic crashes, and a great part of this contribution originates from human behaviour. This master’s thesis aimed to identify and characterize road safety measures according to their influence on driver behaviour, regarding the commitment of traffic offences. In order to do that, a qualitative and a quantitative survey were carried on. The qualitative survey was made with the Focus Group technique and was used to identify the traffic offences that contribute the most to road crashes, as well as to collect information to help preparing the quantitative survey. The last consisted in applying a self-reported questionnaire to automobile drivers from Porto Alegre, Brazil. As a result, the qualitative survey indicated that speeding, drunk driving and red light crossing are the traffic offences that contribute the most to road crashes. The quantitative survey allowed to conclude that the road safety measures with more influence on drivers, so they do not commit traffic offences, are those related to their rights restriction, like vehicle seizure or driver’s licence suspension, and to the possibility of being caught by authorities. On the other hand, road safety campaings on the media seemed to be the kind of measure with the smallest potential to influence driver behaviour.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-04-27T17:48:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TesePM.pdf: 2372518 bytes, checksum: 68bc38b6129468129ca615fede331397 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-02T18:01:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TesePM.pdf: 2372518 bytes, checksum: 68bc38b6129468129ca615fede331397 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-02T18:01:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TesePM.pdf: 2372518 bytes, checksum: 68bc38b6129468129ca615fede331397 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-02T18:06:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TesePM.pdf: 2372518 bytes, checksum: 68bc38b6129468129ca615fede331397 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-24 / Não recebi financiamento / This work consists in a thesis and is intended to contribute to the educational system and the theoretical and practical advancement that interfaces between the two concepts, with support from the “dialogue” category. The researcher makes use of authors specialized in areas such as law and education to present reflections on the dialogical approach among them. Supported by the methodology of content analysis proposed by Bardin (2011), based on bibliographic research, seeks to demonstrate that progress toward better relations in school is more promising when it takes the path of dialogue. Thereby, adopts Freire’s theory as the theoretical reference of the study. The thesis is entitled “Analysis of Brazilian articles on indiscipline, violence and offenses at school: SciELO base 1998-2014”, because it identifies the actual reality inside the schools and the scholar community, that is exposed daily in the media. The question that is proposing to investigate is: what are the literature contributions that address the relationship between offense and indiscipline in schools, highlighting the mediation of the dialogue category? The aim of the research is to indicate literature contributions to address the relationship between offense and indiscipline in schools, by mediating the dialogue category. To do so, it was necessary to focus on the concepts of indiscipline, offenses and dialogues in school; highlighting, based on some of Freire’s works, concepts that contribute to the dialogic approach of the conflicts in schools; analyzing papers published in Brazilian journals of reference about the relationship established between indiscipline and offenses. / Este trabalho constitui-se numa tese e tem como intenção contribuir com os sistemas educativos e com o avanço teórico-prático das interfaces entre os dois conceitos, com apoio da categoria “diálogo”. A pesquisadora lança mão de autores das áreas de direito e educação para apresentar reflexões sob o enfoque dialógico entre eles. Amparada na metodologia da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2011), com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, busca demonstrar que o avanço para a melhoria das relações na escola é mais promissor quando se assume o caminho do diálogo. Assim, adota a teoria freireana como referencial teórico do estudo. A tese está intitulada “Análise de artigos brasileiros sobre indisciplina, violência e ato infracional na escola: base SciELO 1998-2014”, porque identifica a atual realidade dentro da escola e na comunidade escolar, exposta diariamente na mídia. A questão que se propôs investigar foi: quais as contribuições da literatura para a abordagem da relação entre ato infracional e indisciplina na escola, com destaque para a mediação da categoria diálogo? O objetivo da pesquisa é indicar contribuições da literatura para a abordagem da relação entre ato infracional e indisciplina na escola, tendo por mediadora a categoria diálogo. Para tanto, precisou enfocar o entendimento dos conceitos de indisciplina, ato infracional e diálogo na escola; destacar, de algumas obras de Freire, conceitos que contribuam para a abordagem dialógica dos conflitos na escola; analisar artigos publicados em revistas brasileiras de referência sobre a relação estabelecida entre indisciplina e ato infracional.

A delinqüência juvenil e o uso de drogas são problemas sociais e de saúde pública, que vem recebendo uma atenção especial por parte dos profissionais que atuam nesta área e dos órgãos públicos para um melhor entendimento dessa realidade e uma ação efetiva em relação às possibilidades de prevenção. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a primeira experiência do uso de drogas e do ato infracional entre os adolescentes em conflito com a lei e analisar sua possível relação. A amostra foi composta por 150 adolescentes do sexo masculino, com idade entre 12 a 21 anos e que estavam em cumprimento de medida sócio-educativa de internação, nas unidades da FEBEM (Fundação Estadual do Bem estar do Menor) de Sertãozinho e Ribeirão Preto-SP. Este é um estudo quantitativo descritivo. Para o instrumento de coleta de dados foi formatado questionário individual, estruturado com perguntas fechadas, divididos em três partes: 1ª) contém as informações sócio-demgráficas, 2ª) o uso de drogas e a 3ª) o ato infracional. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e univariável com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Dentre as caracterisitcas sócio-demográficas, os adolescentes tinham idade de 16 anos, cor pardo ou negro, procedentes da região de Ribeirão Preto-SP, com nível baixo de escolaridade e 99(66%) pertencem à família monoparental e se sustenta com prática infracional. Os índices do primeiro uso do álcool, cigarro e maconha são elevados e ocorrem concomitantemente com idade média de 12 anos. Com relação aos delitos, os mais praticados são roubo 61(40,7%), seguido do tráfico de drogas 44(29,4%) e o furto 14(9,3%) e ocorrem precocemente como o uso da droga com idade média de 13 anos. A associação destas variáveis demonstrou que existe uma correlação significativa entre o uso do álcool e da maconha e os atos infracionais, exceto o homicídio, o estudo também apontou uma relação entre o uso do crack e o tráfico de droga. Este dado confirma que quando o uso destas drogas ocorre precocemente, existe uma chance maior deste adolescente a se envolver mais cedo em comportamentos de risco como, por exemplo, a prática infracional. Não foi encontrada nenhuma relação estatisticamente significativa entre o uso do cigarro e da cocaína e o ato infracional. Os resultados do presente estudo nos aponta indicadores para o desenvolvimento de programas preventivos do uso de drogas entre adolescentes, que podem contribuir para uma redução a escalada para outros comportamentos de riscos. / Juvenile delinquency and drug use are respectively a social problem and a public health burden that have been particularly addressed by health professionals and public authorities for a better understanding of such issue and effective prevention actions. The goal of this study was to identify the first drug use experience and law infraction among adolescents in conflict with the law and attempt to find a possible correlation. The sample consisted of 150 male adolescents aged 12 to 21 institutionalized in the FEBEM (State Foundation for the Well-being of Minors) detention centers under socio educational measures in Sertãozinho and Ribeirão Preto/SP. This is a quantitative and descriptive study. An individual questionnaire, which was divided into three parts, containing closed questions was developed and used as a data collection tool. Those questions addressed the following: 1) Socio demographic information; 2) drug use, and 3) offenses. Descriptive and one- variable analyses were performed, with a confidence interval of 95%. The socio demographic characteristics showed that the average age of adolescent offenders was 16; most of them were Afro descendants or mullatoes and were originally from the region of Ribeirão Preto/SP, had low educational, and 99 (66%) came from mono parental families who supported themselves by means of offenses. The rates of first- time alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use were high and occurred around the age of 12. As for offenses, the most common were robbery (44.7%) followed by drug traffic (29.4%) and theft (9.3%) and occurred around the age of 13. The association of these variables indicated the there was a significant link between the use of alcohol and marijuana and offenses, except for homicide. The study also showed an association between the use of crack and drug traffic. Such data suggest that the earlier children use these drugs, the sooner they are likely to get involved with risky behaviors, e.g., offenses. No significant statistical association was found between cigarette and cocaine use and offenses. The results of the present study indicate that effective programs for drug use prevention among teenagers should be developed in order to reduce escalation to other risky behaviors.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-13T12:17:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MARCOS DA CUNHA.pdf: 1370950 bytes, checksum: beec871d9d42e08696437b19964285b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation deals with the use of geo tools in the field of surveillance and environmental protection in Manaus. Refers to the instruments related to the collection, sorting and data use in intelligent systems able to provide support for decision making in the systematic planning of actions for environmental protection. Thus, research aimed at general, a register georeferenced structure and analyze the spatial distribution of environmental crimes and violations occurring in the urban area of Manaus in the period 2003 to 2007, to support the definition of public policies to control and environmental control in urban area of the municipality. Its specific objectives were structuring a register of georeferenced environmental crimes and violations in the urban zone of Manaus-Am, based on data from the Municipal Secretary of Environment (Semmes) and the Center for Integrated Operations Security (CIOPS) Department of State Public Security of the Amazon (SESEG-AM), study and analyze the spatial distribution of environmental crimes and violations in the areas of administrative Manaus through techniques of geographic information system to support actions in the planning and operations of the police bodies responsible for command and control environment. This work was developed using data obtained in CIOPS (Integrated Center for Security Operations) and the Semmes (Municipal Secretariat of Environment). The results were expressed in statistical work data, representing the aggregate occurrences around the categories under the Law No. 9605/98. The information concerning the database of CIOPS were based on determining the geographic coordinates (lat/long), and data on calls to the emergency number 190, generating a systematic and consistent set of data into the GIS for analysis required . From these data, it is the preparation of maps to make space for the events recorded environmental violations and crimes. The use of georeferenced data for the mapping was based on the criterion of administrative zoning of the city of Manaus, with stratification by type and seasonality. From the preparation of maps, using the techniques of criminal analysis to the problem object of research, it was possible to identify the occurrence of violations and environmental crimes, higher concentrations of these events and spatiotemporal location. The results showed that such events, since spatially visualizadas, highlight priority areas to be considered by the strategic and operational planning. This study demonstrates the importance and the need for a database structured and shared, geo-based tools that allow to implement environmental policy based on the integrated action of bodies responsible for monitoring, control and e protection of the environment. The results show that the link between technology and information systems, coupled with new opportunities for tracking and positioning, such as satellites and GPS devices makes it possible to develop tools for analysis and interpretation of environmental crimes and violations. With the mapping of events, the display allows more detailed spatial data to benefit the decision-making, strengthening the capacity fiscalizatória of control and environmental protection, presenting as a tool that should be incorporated into the integration process of all institutions that shall carry out the environmental policies in Manaus. / Esta dissertação trata do emprego das ferramentas geotecnológicas no campo da fiscalização e proteção ambiental em Manaus. Toma como referência os instrumentos relacionados à captação, ordenação e uso de dados em sistemas inteligentes capazes de fornecer subsídios para a tomada de decisões no planejamento de ações sistemáticas de proteção ambiental. Para tanto, a pesquisa teve como objetivo geral, estruturar um cadastro georreferenciado e analisar a distribuição espacial dos crimes e infrações ambientais ocorridos na zona urbana de Manaus no período de 2003 a 2007, visando subsidiar a definição de políticas públicas de comando e controle ambiental na zona urbana do município. Seus objetivos específicos foram estruturar um cadastro georreferenciado dos crimes e infrações ambientais na zona urbana do município de Manaus-Am, com base nos dados da Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente (SEMMA) e do Centro Integrado de Operações de Segurança (CIOPS) da Secretaria de Estado da Segurança Pública do Amazonas (SESEG-AM); estudar e analisar a distribuição espacial dos crimes e infrações ambientais segundo as zonas administrativa de Manaus por meio de técnicas de sistema de informações geográficas para subsidiar o planejamento nas ações e/ou operações policiais dos órgãos responsáveis pelo comando e controle ambiental. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de dados obtidos no CIOPS (Centro Integrado de Operações de Segurança) e na SEMMA (Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente). Os resultados foram expressos em dados trabalhados estatisticamente, representando as ocorrências agregadas em torno das categorias de acordo com a Lei nº 9.605/98. As informações, concernentes ao banco de dados do CIOPS tiveram embasamento na determinação das coordenadas geográficas (lat/long), e em dados relativos às chamadas para o número emergencial 190, gerando um conjunto coerente e sistemático de dados incorporados ao SIG para as análises pretendidas. A partir desses dados, procedeu-se à elaboração dos mapas para apresentar espacialmente as ocorrências registradas de infrações e crimes ambientais. O emprego dos dados georreferenciados para o mapeamento teve por base o critério de zoneamento administrativo do município de Manaus, com a estratificação por natureza e sazonalidade. A partir da elaboração dos mapas, por meio das técnicas de análise criminal ao problema objeto da investigação, foi possível identificar a ocorrência de crimes e infrações ambientais, maiores concentrações desses eventos e localização espaço-temporal. Os resultados demonstraram que tais ocorrências, uma vez espacialmente visualizadas, evidenciam áreas prioritárias a serem consideradas pelo planejamento estratégico e operacional. Este estudo demonstra ainda a importância e a necessidade de um banco de dados estruturado e compartilhado, com base em ferramentas geotecnológicas que permitem programar a política ambiental com base na atuação integrada dos órgãos encarregados da fiscalização, controle e defesa do meio ambiente. Os resultados demonstram que a articulação entre as tecnologias e sistemas de informação, acopladas a novas possibilidades de monitoramento e posicionamento, como os satélites e aparelhos GPS tornam possível aprimorar instrumentos de análise e interpretação dos crimes e infrações ambientais. Com o mapeamento das ocorrências, a visualização espacial permite maior detalhamento dos dados para subsídio do processo decisório, reforçando a capacidade fiscalização, de controle e proteção ambiental, apresentando-se como uma ferramenta que deverá ser incorporada ao processo de integração de todas as instituições que devem efetivar as políticas ambientais em Manaus.

O presente trabalho se dedica ao estudo da atribuição de responsabilidade jurídico-penal aos indivíduos que, em concurso, praticam os chamados delitos especiais, os quais exigem do autor determinadas qualidades ou condições pessoais, expressas ou pressupostas na fórmula legal. Para tanto, inicia-se por uma breve análise evolutiva das principais teorias que se ocuparam de definir os conceitos de autoria e participação delitivas ou de oferecer critérios de determinação do grau de responsabilidade dos intervenientes no delito, apontando-lhes os méritos e eventuais deméritos. Na sequência, é delimitado o objeto de estudo, definindo-se os delitos especiais, diferenciando-os de categorias afins e classificando-os conforme critérios que influam no estudo da problemática do concurso de agentes. Os delitos especiais são também estudados sob a ótica de seu fundamento material, perquirindo-se sobre a razão de, nesses delitos, o legislador empreender uma limitação do círculo de autores a determinadas categorias de sujeitos. Por fim, procede-se a um estudo das conformações possíveis da codelinquência nos delitos especiais, primordialmente do concurso de indivíduo qualificado (intraneus) e indivíduo não qualificado (extraneus), expondo e avaliando as soluções ofertadas pelas principais teorias contemporâneas da participação delitiva e a possibilidade de serem recepcionadas pela dogmática brasileira. / The present work is intended to study the laying of legal-criminal liability to individuals that, by concerted action, practice the so-called status offenses, which require from the offender certain personal qualities or conditions, expressed or presupposed in the general criminal rule. To this effect, the work begins with a brief evolutive analysis on the main theories which aimed at defining the concepts of perpetrator and criminal participation or at offering criteria to determine the degree of liability to the offense intervening parties, pointing them their merits and occasional demerit. The study object is then limited, with definition of the status offenses, differentiating them from related categories and classifying them pursuant to the criteria with influence on the agents concerted action problems. The status offenses are also studied under the material grounds point of view, with inquisition on the reasons for the legislator to proceed a limitation of the possible perpetrators to given classes of individuals in these offenses. Finally, a study of possible forms of co-delinquency on the status offenses is made, comprising primarily the concerted action between a qualified individual (intraneus) and a nonqualified individual (extraneus), expounding and analyzing the most important theories regarding criminal participation and the possibility of them being accepted by the Brazilian doctrine.

M.A. (Political Studies) / This dissertation investigates theoretical aspects of the mobilisational strategies of the African National Congress and its surrogate organisations within the context of the development of their strategic doctrine and utilises the townships of Port Alfred and Cradock as examples. The study focuses on the mechanisms utilised by the African National Congress to mobilise support for its programme during the period 1980-1988. This thesis argues that the activities and actions of the ANC which took place in certain select areas in the Eastern Cape Region of the Republic of South Africa can be correctly described as a People's War insurgency. It examines the concept of People's War within the context of revolutionary warfare or insurgency and identifies the essential characteristics of this doctrine. It then examines the development of the military doctrine of the African National Congress and traces the various strategic influences which have shaped ANC military thinking. It counterpoises the development of ANC People's War doctrines against the model of People's War as formulated by Mao and the Vietnamese theorists. The ANC's People's War doctrine is examined within the context of the various mobilisational, military and organisational mechanisms employed in the townships. These are in turn examined within the framework of the specific township examples selected in the Eastern Cape region. The military dimension of ANC People's War strategy is explained and the reasons for its failure examined. The counter-strategy of the RSA Government is also briefly examined. Conclusions about the changing face of ANC strategy are drawn in the final chapter and the various hypothesis propounded in this dissertation are concluded

Problems of juvenile justice In my diploma thesis I deal with the issue of criminal justice over youth. Using the research analytical method, I try to describe juvenile delinquency, its causes, the development of juvenile delinquency in our territory and current legislation. I also devote other parts of the work to specific means of sanctioning young people, especially protective upbringing and imprisonment in its unconditional form. I am also subjecting the current legal regulation of these institutes to a comparison with other European regulations, from which we could be inspired when regulating the system of criminal justice over young people. I supplement the theoretical basis with statistics on juvenile delinquency and the administration of juvenile justice in the years 2016-2020 in order to provide an overview of not only the theoretical side, but also current practice. Keywords: Juvenile, youth, offenses, measures, protective upbringing, imprisonment

Liability for environmental administrative offenses Abstract The subject of this diploma thesis is the institute of liability for environmental administrative offenses, which consists of two separate legal branches, namely environmental law and administrative law, which intertwine and form a comprehensive system of environmental protection and its components. The mechanisms of this protection include, in particular, prohibitions and orders for certain conduct, various forms of preventive action and, in particular, instruments of a sanction character. The concept of legal liability, which occurs in several types, is associated with sanction instruments, while in the protection of the environment the most widespread legal liability is tort legal liability, specifically administrative offence liability. This issue is still very topical, as on 1. July 2017 there was a new legal regulation of this type of liability and the anchoring of important institutes, which have so far been inferred only by analogy of law and court case law. The diploma thesis elaborates the theoretical basis of environmental protection and provides a comprehensive view of the fragmented legal regulation of legal liability in relation to environmental administrative offenses. Due to the considerable scope of the topic, the substantive...

The dissertation thesis about Czech and Polish legislation on drug offenses deals with driving under the influence of addictive substances, responsibility for acts committed under the influence of addictive substances, drug possession, cannabis cultivation, production and distribution of drugs, handling of articles for drug production and spreading drug addiction. The aim of this work is to bring a critical view of the current Czech legislation on drug offenses and related issues and then to present specific legislative proposals based on comparison with Polish law. The thesis analyzes the Polish and Czech legal regulations of drug offenses and brings a comparison of the facts of the aforementioned crimes and specific case studies. The work is based on legal regulations and case law of both countries, practical knowledge and also available statistical data. The thesis deals with the legalization of drugs comprehensively, including the arguments for and against legalization, wich are used in the Czech Republic and Poland. It addresses the legalization of cannabis on the example of Holland, the USA and Uruguay, as well as the availability of hard drugs in substitution programs in the Czech Republic and Poland. In conclusion the thesis gets to the explanation how the Czech legislator should proceed...

1 Abstract Crime relating to the abuse of addictive substances This thesis deals with the issue of substance abuse and criminality associated with this pathological phenomenon. Addiction and substance abuse can be considered a significant criminogenic factor, which is a common cause of traffic accidents, domestic violence, reduced self-control, increased aggression and other crime-related behaviors. Criminality related to the production, distribution and use of addictive substances covers a wide range of offenses, from trivial offenses bordering on offenses to the diverse activities of international organized crime, which can be consider a global issue. Subject matter of this thesis is to link this stated issue with fundamental knowledge about narcotic and psychotropic substances and its effects on individuals, along with their potential influence on the delinquent behavior of drug users, while providing a theoretical definition of crimes related to substance abuse and an effort to quantify this phenomenon. This thesis is devided into four parts. The introductory chapter focuses on interpreting concepts related to substance abuse, which is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the stated issue. As a follow up to this, the second chapter deals with narcotic and psychotropic substances' fundamental...