Institutionen för kultur och estetik, Konstvetenskap 106 91 Stockholms universitet 08-16 20 00 vx   Handledare: Andrea Kollnitz   Titel och undertitel:  Värdet av det fristående föremålet - Fernand Légers ”l’objet dans l’espace” i konstnärskapet hos Waldemar Lorentzon och Erik Olson under 1920- och 1930-talet   Författare:  Anna Nilsson   Kontaktuppgifter till författaren:  anni6257@student.su.se   Uppsatsnivå:  Kandidatuppsats   Ventileringstermin: Vt 2019   ABSTRACT: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och jämföra vilka uttryck kubisten Fernand Légers tes om värdet av det fristående föremålet, ”l’objet dans l’espace” omsattes och påverkade de svenska konstnärerna Waldemar Lorentzons och Erik Olsons konstnärskap från 1924 när de påbörjade sina konststudier vid hans målarskola Académie Moderne i Paris och in på 1930-talet. Min metod är att först identifiera Légers teorier som inte finns nedtecknade i en kanon eller manifest och därefter med en komparativ analys undersöka hur de förhåller sig till respektive konstnärs verk och deras personliga förutsättningar i rörelsen från kubism till surrealism och villkoren på den svenska konstmarknaden. Studien visar att konstnärerna tog emot och omsatte Légers tes och teorier på ett öppet men individuellt sätt och att influenser av tesen går att identifiera i deras surrealistiska formspråk. Léger vidgade deras blick och ledde dem från ett expressionistiskt formspråk och att förhålla sig till de värderingar som var gällande inom det svenska kulturetablissemanget.   Nyckelord: Waldemar Lorentzon, Erik Olson, Fernand Léger, Halmstadgruppen, Egon Östlund, Otto G. Carlsund, kubism, surrealism, l’objet dans l’espace.

<div> <div> <div> <p>The Effective Fragment Potential (EFP) is a quantum-mechanical based model potential for accurate calculations of non-covalent interactions between molecules. It can be coupled with ab initio methods in so-called QM/EFP models to explore the electronic properties of extended molecular systems by providing rigorous description of surrounding environments. The current EFP formulation is, however, not well suited for large-scale simulations due to its inherent limitation of representing effective fragments as rigid structures. The process of utilizing EFP method for the molecular systems with flexible degrees of freedom entails multiple sets of parameter calculations requiring intensive computational resources. This work presents development of the EFP method for describing flexible molecular systems, so-called Flexible EFP. To validate the applicability of the Flexible EFP method, extensive benchmark studies on the amino acid interactions, binding energies, and electronic properties of flavin chromophore of the cryptochrome protein have been demonstrated. In addition to methodological developments, excitonic properties of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) photosynthetic pigment-protein complex are explored. In biological systems where intermolecular interactions span a broad range from non-polar to polar and ionic forces, EFP is superior to the classical force fields. In the present study, we demonstrate excellent performance of the QM/EFP model for predicting excitonic interactions and spectral characteristics of the FMO wildtype complex. We characterize the key factors for accurate modeling of electronic properties of bacteriochlrophyll a (BChl a) photosynthetic pigments and suggest a robust computational protocol that can be applied for modeling other photosynthetic systems. Developed computational procedures were also successfully utilized to elucidate photostability and triplet dynamics in the FMO complex and spectroscopic effects of single-point mutagenesis in FMO. A combination of polarizable EFP molecular dynamics and QM/EFP vibrational frequency calculations were also applied to understanding and interpreting structures and Raman spectroscopy of tert-butyl alcohol solutions. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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<p>VT24</p>

一、研究動機 解嚴之前，工會組織形同虛設，工會功能受到各種法規束縛，解嚴之後社會運動發展 權利意識提高，工會在勞工意識抬頭的情形下熱門起來，研究工會運動的學者都從各 種角度來說明工會的產生及性質，其中M.Olson 集體行動的理論，就經濟人自利，理 性的公設演繹組織的形成邏輯，富有啟發性，個人試就其理論觀點，實證探討我國工 會會員參與工會活動的主要因素，從而建議工會組織的運作方式。今天有許多論點， 都認為勞工權利的爭取必須透過工會的狀大，工會軟弱，則勞工權益無從保障。這種 論點似是而非，就理性的個人從事一件活動時，首先考慮的是其投入與產出的問題， 若工會無法提供足夠利得給會員，工會很難動員會員的力量。工會是個經濟性的組織 ，工會與會員之間不是義務或責任關係，而是純粹的利益關係。 二. 研究目的 1.就M.Olson 集體行動的理論申述工會組織的性質 2.個案研究我國工會會員參與工會的主要因素 3.OLSON 理論的檢討 4.建議工會運作的可能方式 三. 研究架構 理性的個人參與工會活動時, 必然是經過一番考慮而做決定. 因此有學者就個人參與 工會活動的決定視為一種決策過程, 其間影響決策的因素歸納為三方面: 個人需要、 社會環境、工會印象。配合Olson 集體行動理論的要旨及我國工會情形，擬出下列分 析架構： 工會的集體財\工會的選擇性誘因\強制規定或方法工會的規模政治企業家工會的印 象工作條件搭便車傾和向\基本資料\工會活動的參與

The American Projectivist verse of Jack Spicer, Charles Olson, and Robert Duncan contains within its poetics many epistemological assumptions shared by quantum physics. These assumptions exist in three broad categories: perception, process, and wholeness. In physics, the epistemology of perception has been profoundly altered by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, which creates a symbiotic relationship between the observer and the observed. At least one photon of light is necessary to observe an electron; one photon is sufficient to alter the electron's momentum or position; therefore, a physicist affects an electron's "fate" in the act of observing it. Similarly, in Projectivist poetics, the perceptions of the reader are often enlisted to help "compose" the poem which is offered to him in "pieces," or, as in Robert Duncan's poetry especially, in self-reflexive segments. By "self-reflexive," we further mean that the Projectivist poem often "mirrors itself" as an electron "mirrors itself" as wave or as particle, while it is paradoxically both. A Projectivist poem may pause halfway through and "unravel" itself, i.e., study its own etymology. The reader thus must participate in "putting the poem back together," as the physicist participates in the phenomena he observes. The second epistemological model in physics and poetry stresses becoming, rather than being. Matter at the subatomic level has been defined as energy-in-flux. Similarly, the Projectivist poems of Charles Olson especially often exist as "fields" with no syntactical beginnings or endings. Moreover, the "I" of the Maximus Poems is often seen in a perpetual process of becoming the world of spacetime in the poems, creating a system similar to the being-and-becoming model of particle-and-field in quantum mechanics. Third, wholeness is a premise governing poetry and physics separately and together. Jack Spicer's thematics blend matter and consciousness, as "love and death matter/Matter as wave and particle." Similarly, Robert Duncan's poetics describes a "dancing organization between personal and cosmic identity." In physics, wholeness is seen primarily in an "implicate order" which attempts to overturn the old paradigms of fragmentation and connect matter and consciousness, including language, as interrelated systems of information.

In the first part of this dissertation, recent efforts to understand quantum mechanical effects in biological systems are discussed. Especially, long-lived quantum coherences observed during the electronic energy transfer process in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex at physiological condition are studied extensively using theories of open quantum systems. In addition to the usual master equation based approaches, the effect of the protein structure is investigated in atomistic detail through the combined application of quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics simulations. To evaluate the thermalized reduced density matrix, a path-integral Monte Carlo method with a novel importance sampling approach is developed for excitons coupled to an arbitrary phonon bath at a finite temperature. In the second part of the thesis, simulations of molecular systems and applications to vibrational spectra are discussed. First, the quantum dynamics of a molecule is simulated by combining semiclassical initial value representation and density funcitonal theory with analytic derivatives. A computationally-tractable approximation to the sum-of-states formalism of Raman spectra is subsequently discussed.

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This dissertation considers the relation between literary documents and public identities, and how U. S. culture is reflected and transfigured by poetry in the United States after 1960. Concerned with epideictic communication in public contexts, this study looks at how private interventions in public spaces can shape attitudes toward cultural phenomena. A secondary concern elucidates the ways literary texts are valued in English departments, bearing critical reflection on rhetorical, literary, and creative pedagogy. Insofar as the epideictic mode prepares individuals for a decision-making process in current democratic situations, this dissertation considers recent examples of strategic public engagements, and provides rhetorical readings of key situations in American social and cultural life since 1960 to illustrate how such methods can bring rhetoric and literature together in contemporary public contexts. The first of these studies inspects the correspondence and poetry of Robert Duncan and Denise Levertov during the Vietnam War over the uses of poetry as a public document. Public identity and U. S. social practices are explored in the following chapter with the 1970s and ’80s poetry of Lorenzo Thomas and Edward Dorn, whose poems participate in the articulation of tensions between private and public life. Chapter 4 argues that Charles Olson’s poems and letters appearing in the editorial pages of The Gloucester-Daily Times in the 1960s effectively helped bring civic attention to the transformation of public space in Gloucester, Mass. While he interpreted the changes he perceived in Gloucester through literary and historical theories, he framed them within rhetorically motivated communication strategies to deliver new perceptions of what constituted civic value. Chapter 5 concludes by examining more recent attempts by poets to influence public reflection on crucial events that led to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan through digital media, public performance, and civic encounters mediated by fugitive texts. The opening and final chapters introduce my methodology and present the problem of poetry in public contexts, and advocates for reflection within English departments on the rhetorical value of literary texts. / text