There are conflicting results from previous research evaluating the effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on IgG concentration of colostrum, milk and foal blood. No research has been done on the effect of omega-3 fat supplementation on the placental efficiency of horses or the nitrite concentrations of the placenta as an indicator of vascularization. This study examined the effect of dietary omega-3 supplementation on composition of milk, mare and foal serum and if it will result in transfer of fatty acid in utero as well as providing the foal with adequate IgG concentrations in the milk and colostrum. Omega-3 supplementation’s effect on concentration of glucose and insulin in blood of the mares and foal will also be determined. This study will determine if omega-3 supplementation has an effect on the placental efficiency or nitrite concentrations in the placenta.

No description available.

Skim, butter-derived aqueous phase, anhydrous milk fat, and fish oil were used to formulate ultra high temperature (UHT) processed extended shelf-life omega-3 fatty acid fortified dairy-based beverages with fat contents mimicking whole milk (3.25%). Oxidation of the lipids in the formulated beverages was investigated during storage for 35 days at 4 °C using GC/MS analysis, conjugated diene analysis, and headspace solid phase micro-extraction GC/MS (SPME-GC/MS) analysis of headspace. Omega-3 fatty acid fortified dairy-based beverages were produced that mimicked the physical properties of 3.25% fat whole milk. Oxidation resulted in only small changes in omega-3 lipid content and sensory analysis by an untrained panel indicated that the overall aroma was no different than that of commercially available UHT processed milk. An omega-3 fatty acid fortified dairy-based beverage was produced that delivered 440mg of omega-3 fatty acid per 8oz serving. When consumed daily, the beverage could provide the equivalent amount of omega-3 fatty acids recommended by the American Heart Association, and the equivalent amount of omega-3 fatty acids found in two fatty fish meals over the period of one week. Antioxidants were added to the lipid phase, immediately prior to processing, of additionally produced formulations to determine if a reduction in omega-3 lipid oxidation was observed. No overall reduction in oxidation was observed, as indicated by GC/MS and SPME-GC/MS analysis. Sensory analysis indicated that oxidative aromas increased during storage for the antioxidant and omega-3 fatty acid fortified dairy-based beverage. Ascorbyl palmitate was determined to have a pro-oxidative effect on the formulated omega-3 fortified dairy-based beverages. Antioxidants present in the commercial grade fish oil used for fortification were effective in controlling oxidation in the formulated omega-3 fatty acid fortified dairy-based beverages. / Master of Science

Two different studies were conducted to reduce the overall amount of omega-6 fatty acids in broiler chickens. The first experiment was performed to determine the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega-3 fatty acid combination on the omega-6 fatty acid accumulation in broiler chicken breast and thigh meat. Eight broilers from each treatment were processed at 4 and 6 weeks of age, respectively. Regarding the diets containing five different fat sources, broiler chickens fed CLA and fish oil diet had a lower C20:4 (arachidonic acid, AA, n-6) deposition but showed a higher n-3/n-6 ratio in breast and thigh meat than those fed a flaxseed oil diet and CLA and flaxseed oil diet (P < 0.05). The C20:4 and n-3/n-6 ratio of breast and thigh samples from fish oil diet was similar to those of the conjugated linoleic acid and fish oil combination diet (P > 0.05). However, the addition of CLA and fish oil to the diet resulted in a increase of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration in broiler chicken breast and thigh meat when compared to that of fish oil diet (P<0.05). The second experiment was conducted based on six different combination of n-3 and n-9 fatty acids. One bird per pen was processed, and each bird was weighed, and blood, liver, breast and thigh samples from the bird were collected. Although the generation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was not affected due to combination of n-3 and n-9 fatty acids in our diets, the deposition of n-6 fatty acids including C18:2 and C20:4 was decreased in broiler chicken breast and/or thigh muscles as n-3 fatty acids were supplied to broiler chickens for 9 weeks. Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, EPA, n-3) addition to poultry diet (FEO) did not reduce the deposition of C18:2 and/or C20:4 as much as C22:6 (FDO) did. When C20:5 and C22:6 were blended to poultry diet (FHO) and fed to broiler chickens for 9 weeks, synergistic effects were observed. Reduction of C20:4 was obtained when FHO diet was fed to broiler chickens, and it may be induced due to decreased expression of delta-6 desaturase mRNA.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, involving metabolic dysfunction, pathogenic aggregation of amyloid beta, and deteriorating cognitive function. Patients exhibit deficiency in omega-3,-6,-9 unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in plasma and brain membrane phospholipids, suggesting aberrant fatty acid metabolism influences pathology. Cognitive benefits of omega UFAs in AD remain unknown. Here, I examined effects of a four-month dietary supplementation with UFAs for capacity to alter learning and memory behaviour in an AD mouse model. Cognitive impairment in a fifth generation backcross (N5) C57BL/6Crl X C3H/HeJ TgCRND8 (Tg) mice was compared to control (NonTg) littermates, with respect to both males and females, at six months of age using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Impairment differed between sexes; female Tg mice were severely impaired, whereas male Tg mice displayed delayed learning. A reduced visual acuity in Tg and NonTg mice, shown by adapted SLAG reflex test, did not impair spatial navigation in cued MWM. A four-month omega-6/-9 UFA oral treatment (75 mg/kg/day) improved learning and memory of Tg mice as compared to vehicle and untreated controls. Omega-3 UFAs, or vehicle alone, did not alter learning and memory of Tg and NonTg mice. Thus, dietary supplementation, particularly when enriched in omega-6/9 UFAs, can affect neural function, and delay conversion from a presymptomatic to symptomatic state in the TgCRND8 mouse model.

We have hypothesized that dietary modulation of intestinal miRNA expression may contribute to the chemoprotective effects of nutritional bioactives (fish oil and pectin). Using a rat colon carcinogen model, we determined miRNAs-let-7d, miR-15b, miR-107, miR-191 and miR-324-5p were modulated by fish oil + pectin. We also demonstrated that BACE1 and PTEN are targets of miR-107 and miR-21, respectively. To further elucidate the biological effects of diet and carcinogen on miRNAs, we integrated global miRNAs, total and polysomal gene expression datasets obtained from the above mentioned study and used four computational approaches. We demonstrated that polysomal profiling is tightly related to microRNA changes when compared with total mRNA profiling. In addition, diet and carcinogen exposure modulated a number of microRNAs and complementary gene expression analyses showed that oncogenic PTK2B, PDE4B, and TCF4 were suppressed by the chemoprotective diet at both the mRNA and protein levels. To determine the function of select diet and colon carcinogen modulated miRNAs and to validate their targets, we carried out a series of loss and gain of function experiments along with luciferase reporter assays. We verified that PDE4B and TCF4 are direct targets of miR-26b and miR-203, respectively. PTK2B was determined to be an indirect target of miR-19b. In addition, microRNA physiological function was assessed by examining effects on apoptosis and cell proliferation. To better understand how the colonic stem cell population responds to environmental factors such as diet and carcinogen, we investigated the chemoprotective effects of dietary agents on miRNAs in colonic stem cells obtained from Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-creERT2 knock in mice injected with AOM. We demonstrated that based on relative expression of miR-125a-5p, miR-190b and miR-191 in stem cells vs. daughter cells and differentiated cells, these miRNAs may be stem cell specific miRNAs. We also identified miR-21 to be significantly reduced in stem cells compared to differentiated cells and selectively modulated by these dietary agents in stem cells. In summary, our results indicate for the first time that fish oil plus pectin protect against colon tumorigenesis in part by modulating a subset of miRNAs and their target genes (mRNAs) implicated in the regulation of the colon stem cell niche and tumor development.

Unidad de práctica para optar al título de Químico Farmacéutico / Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento / El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo implementar una metodología analítica para cuantificar dos ácidos grasos de cadena larga omega-3, ácido eicosapentanoico C20:5 (EPA) y ácido docosahexanoico C22:6 (DHA) en una emulsión para infusión intravenosa, Omegaven®, mediante la técnica de cromatografía de gas (GC) acoplada a detector de ionización por llama (FID). Para conseguir el propósito de este trabajo se comenzó por buscar pruebas anteriores de análisis realizados en el laboratorio y bibliografía que permitiera respaldar la metodología a implementar. En base a ello se eligió modificar las condiciones de temperatura del horno del cromatógrafo. La técnica nueva se basó en una ya implementada y en la realizada por el laboratorio de origen del producto (Fresenius-Kabi Alemania), que consideraba ácidos grasos de hasta 18 carbonos. La nueva metodología que se implementó contempló ácidos grasos de hasta 22 átomos de carbono, por lo que las condiciones debieron ser modificadas. Se ajustaron los tiempos en que el horno permaneció a cada temperatura, la duración de las transiciones de aumento de temperatura y el tiempo de duración de la lectura; previo a ello, se observó en pruebas con el producto analizado preliminarmente derivatizado, que tenía peaks detectables hasta alrededor de los 37 minutos, por lo que se adecuó una rampa de temperatura que alcanzara los 45 minutos de lectura para asegurar un cromatograma completo con todos los componentes detectables bajo la técnica en el producto. Se utilizaron 6 estándares de ácidos grasos, 5 de ellos estándares individuales siendo el sexto una mezcla estándar de ácidos grasos esterificados (certificados de análisis se encuentran en Anexo N° 1). Todos los estándares utilizados se adquirieron en forma de éster metílico. Con la inyección de cada estándar en 3 repeticiones para los volúmenes de inyección 2, 3, 4 y 5 μL se pudieron obtener datos de tiempos de retención de cada uno para identificar los mismos en el cromatograma del producto. Para cuantificar estos ácidos grasos se inyectó una mezcla estándar de los mismos con concentraciones conocidas, con lo cual fue posible obtener factores de respuesta de cada peak de interés, (previamente identificado con la inyección individual), respecto de un estándar interno utilizado en la metodología y presente en la mezcla estándar. Los ácidos grasos de interés en el producto Omegaven® son EPA y DHA. Con los factores de respuesta obtenidos y la determinación de los tiempos de retención fue posible identificar y cuantificar estos ácidos grasos presentes en la muestra de producto Omegaven®

XVI Congreso Argentino y VIII del Cono Sur de Soporte Nutricional y Metabolismo. IV Congreso Argentino de Soporte Nutricional y Metabolismo en Pediatría. Evento desarrollado en Rosario, Argentina del 27 al 29 de Octubre del 2013. / OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en omega 3 en pacientes con artritis reumatoidea del Hospital Alberto Sabogal-2012. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio Descriptivo transversal. Población: Adultos de ambos sexos con diagnóstico de artritis reumatoidea. Tamaño de la Muestra: 20 pacientes. RESULTADOS: 81 % de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino, el grupo etario más frecuente fue de 45 a 65 años (71.4%). Los alimentos ricos en omega 3 consumidos diariamente fueron: Quinua, Rábano, brócoli y espinaca, el alimento más consumido una vez por semana fue el atún, así mismo los alimentos que nunca consumieron fueron: Langosta, Bacalao, Cangrejo, Anchoveta, Camarón, trucha y coliflor, CONCLUSIONES: La frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en omega 3 no es el adecuado.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Monika Novotná Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The determination of fatty acid levels in the tissues of healthy, suddenly deceased persons and polymorbid patients The aim of the thesis was to determine the levels of 14 fatty acids in tissues of suddenly deceased, otherwise healthy individuals and in the group of polymorbid, chronic patients. It was a comparison of fatty acid levels in seven tissues of the human body: subendocardial left ventricular tissue, liver parenchyma tissue, kidney cortex, adrenal tissue, skeletal muscle, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and brain tissue. Each group included 10 deceased patients. The theoretical part incudes fatty acids as the main component of lipids. It deals mainly with the group of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their relation to pathologies in the human body. Gas chromatography, thanks to which we analyzed the fatty acid spectrum, is also described. The experimental part consists of the basic characteristics of the research groups, the description of the workflow and the results. Statistically processed data are divided into categories by individual fatty acids and other monitored...

"September 2002" Bibliography: leaves 207-230. Ch. 1. Literature review -- Ch. 2. General methods -- Ch. 3. Dietary n-3 PUFAs and reperfusion injury in isolated cardiomyocytes -- Ch. 4. The effect of dietary n-3 PUFAs on cardiomyocyte membrane fluidity, intracellular ROS and Ca 2+ levels during oxidative stress -- Ch. 5. The effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on antioxidant enzyme gene expression in rat myocardium -- Ch. 6. The effect of dietary lipids on ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rat myocardium -- Ch. 7. General discussion -- Ch. 8. Appendices. The broad aims of this thesis were to develop a cellular model for studying reperfusion injury, in order to investigate the reported protective effects of n-3 PUFAs, and to examine the underlying mechanisms associated with such protection.