Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the world. In children, both inadequate iron and fatty acid (FA) status have been found to have an effect on cognitive and behavioural function, including physical activity behaviour and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)–related behaviour. Aim: To investigate the effects of supplementation with iron and omega–3 fatty acids (n–3 FAs), alone and in combination, on spontaneous motor activity and ADHD–related behaviour in iron deficient primary school children in KwaZulu–Natal. An additional aim was to evaluate the use of the Actical accelerometer as a tool to assess physical activity behaviour. Methods: The study design was a 2x2 factorial, randomized, double–blind and placebo–controlled trial. Iron deficient school children aged six to ten years with or without mild anaemia were included in the study (n = 321). Subjects were randomly assigned to receive one of the following supplement combinations: (1) 420mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/80 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 50mg of iron as ferrous sulphate (Fe); (2) 420mg DHA/80mg EPA + placebo; (3) 50mg of Fe + placebo; (4) placebo + placebo. Supplements were provided four times a week for a duration of 8.5 months (excluding school holidays). Physical activity of a subgroup of subjects (n=98) was recorded on four random school days at baseline, midpoint and endpoint (12 days in total) during three different time periods namely class time 1 (08h00-10h30), break time (10h30–11h00) and class time 2 (11h00–12h00). Classroom behaviour of study subjects was assessed by teachers at baseline and endpoint using the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale–Revised: Short Forms (CTRS). Iron status indicators and red blood cell (RBC) FA composition were measured at baseline and endpoint. Treatment effects were assessed for activity and CTRS scores. Furthermore, the relationship between activity, CTRS scores and iron/FA status indicators was determined using bivariate correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: Overall activity of all subjects varied over time from baseline and midpoint to endpoint. A significant cycle x age interaction (P = 0.005) as well as a significant cycle x time period x gender interaction (P = 0.036) was observed on overall activity. There were no significant interactions of cycle or time period with treatment. However, there was a significant main effect of DHA/EPA supplementation for lower class time 1 activity at endpoint (P = 0.014). Biological markers indicating better or poorer iron status were positively and negatively associated with activity at break time, respectively. Subjects in the group receiving both iron and DHA/EPA supplements showed a significant improvement from baseline to endpoint on the cognitive problems/inattention subscale (P = 0.005) of the CTRS. Hyperactivity scores increased iv significantly from baseline to endpoint in all groups (P = 0.006). DHA (r = –.203; P = 0.040) and EPA (r = –.199; P = 0.044) content of RBC were negatively associated with activity at class time 1. No significant associations were observed between activity and CTRS scores at baseline. At endpoint, class time 1 activity was positively associated with all CTRS subscale scores except for the cognitive problems subscale, which only bordered significance (correlation, P = 0.051; regression, P = 0.073). Conclusions: These findings suggest that n–3 FA supplementation may have an influence on ADHD–related behaviour during class time. During school break time when subjects were allowed to move around freely, iron status was positively associated with spontaneous motor activity. Furthermore, the accelerometer might be a useful complimentary tool for assessing both classroom and break time activity behaviour in school children. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Graduation date: 1993

[Truncated abstract] The role of fish consumption and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the prevention of disease has been the subject of much investigation in recent years. A clue that these factors might be of importance was the observation that populations consuming high levels of marine omega-3 PUFAs had lower rates of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. From there, research in this area has expanded to include a range of chronic diseases and their prevention. An area of particular interest is the role of fish consumption in the prevention of various cancers. In Australia, one in three men and one in four women are expected to be diagnosed with cancer by the age of 75. Identifying preventive factors that can be translated into constructive health promotional messages is of great importance in addressing this group of diseases that has such a large impact on the health and wellbeing of the population. ... Results and conclusions Analysis of the data from the population-based case-control study suggests a protective effect of preserved fish consumption, possibly due to the high oil content of these fish. The developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring fish and seafood consumption as determined by regression analysis with an independent biomarker and reliability analysis using intra-class correlation. Importantly, reliability can be maintained despite asking a high level of detail from participants. For ranking according to overall fish consumption, detailed questioning is probably not necessary, however inclusion of variables representing multiple categories of fish and seafood consumption in a regression model enables us to better account for variation in blood omega-3 PUFA levels than a single variable representing overall consumption. For the purpose of questionnaire validation, plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte membrane levels of EPA and DHA are equivalent biomarkers of fish and seafood consumption. The choice between them by future investigators will be based on more practical aspects such as convenience and the fasting state of subjects. The tangible product of this thesis is additional evidence to support a protective association between fish consumption and prostate and breast cancers, and a valid and reliable questionnaire v for measuring habitual consumption of fish and seafood in a West Australian population, that could also be applied to other populations after minor adjustment for local fish and seafood consumption patterns.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-30 / A asma é uma doença crônica das vias aéreas caracterizada por obstrução do fluxo aéreo e intenso processo inflamatório, no qual, muitas células estão envolvidas, principalmente os eosinófilos. O processo inflamatório na asma pode induzir o aparecimento de alterações estruturais caracterizadas por fibrose subepitelial, hiperplasia da musculatura lisa das vias aéreas, neoformação vascular e remodelamento das vias aéreas. O aumento na prevalência da asma tem sido associado ao elevado consumo de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados do tipo Omega 6. A melhora dos sintomas apresentados por indivíduos asmáticos, por outro lado, foi observada em pacientes tratados com ácidos graxos poliinsaturados Omega 3. No mesmo segmento, alguns trabalhos da literatura têm relacionado efeitos antiinflamatórios benéficos à utilização de dietas enriquecidas com ácidos graxos poliinsaturados Omega 3, em processos inflamatórios agudos e crônicos. Nosso grupo não encontrou evidências do efeito pró-inflamatório dos ácidos graxos poliinsaturados Omega 6, previamente sugerido por vários autores. Nossos dados demonstram que a dieta rica em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados Omega 3, bem como a dieta rica em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados Omega 6, exercem efeito antiinflamatório sobre a inflamação aguda induzida por carragenina. Esse efeito antiinflamatório foi associado aos elevados níveis de corticosterona encontrados nesses animais. Neste trabalho, avaliamos a resposta inflamatória e a liberação de mediadores inflamatórios envolvidos na asma, em ratos alimentados com dietas enriquecidas com óleo de soja, ácidos graxos poliinsaturados Omega 6, ou óleo de peixe, ácidos graxos poliinsaturados Omega 3. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que, a dieta rica em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados Omega 6 não foi pró-inflamatória. Ao contrário, foi tão antiinflamatória quanto a dieta rica em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados Omega 3. Ambas diminuiram o infiltrado celular no lavado broncoalveolar, citocinas associadas ao perfil Th2, redução dos níveis de bradicina e aumento dos níveis de óxido nítrico. Além disso, a dieta rica em óleo de soja, aumentou os níveis de corticosterona e lipoxina A4 no pulmão dos animais alimentados com essa dieta. Com base nesses resultados, acreditamos que essas dietas possam contribuir para o estudo de terapias alternativas ou complementares, atuando em conjunto com as drogas utilizadas para o tratamento da asma. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

CAPES / O óleo de chia vem sendo amplamente estudado devido aos seus benefícios para a saúde humana, sendo fonte de ácidos graxos essenciais como o ômega-3 e ômega-6, além de diversos compostos antioxidantes. Contudo, assim como outros óleos ricos em ácidos graxos insaturados, ele possui baixa estabilidade oxidativa. A encapsulação do óleo de chia é uma alternativa para protegê-lo da luz e do oxigênio, fatores determinantes para o início das reações de degradação. O impacto da encapsulação sobre a proteção do óleo deve ser mensurado e no estudo de óleos e gorduras as técnicas de análise térmica vem ganhando destaque nos últimos anos devido a rapidez, precisão e facilidade de operação. Neste trabalho, o óleo de sementes de chia foi microencapsulado em cera de carnaúba e sua estabilidade térmica foi avaliada. Primeiramente, as micropartículas foram caracterizadas por Espectroscopia no Infravermelho Médio, Difração de Raios-X, Cromatografia Gasosa e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, sendo verificado um alto índice de eficiência de encapsulação (97%), apresentando tamanhos micrométricos, formato esférico e sem fissuras. Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC) foi utilizada nos modos isotérmico e não isotérmico a fim de determinar os parâmetros de Arrhenius do óleo in natura e microencapsulado. Foi possível verificar a efetiva proteção do óleo de chia conferida pelas micropartículas de cera de carnaúba, sendo detectado um aumento na temperatura de indução oxidativa de até 26º C nos ensaios não isotérmicos. As micropartículas contendo o óleo também foram submetidas ao ensaio de estabilidade acelerada em estufa. Os espectros obtidos através do Uv-Vis foram utilizados para análise quimiométrica e na determinação dos coeficientes de extinção a 232 e 270 nm, corroborando o aumento da estabilidade oxidativa observado nos ensaios calorimétricos. / Chia oil has been widely studied because of its benefits to human health, being source of important fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6, in addition to several antioxidant compounds. However, like other oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids, it has low oxidative stability. The encapsulation of chia oil is an alternative to protect it from light and oxygen, factors that determine the beginning of degradation reactions. The impact of encapsulation on oil protection should be measured and in the study of oils and fats the techniques of thermal analysis have been gaining prominence in recent years due to the speed, precision and ease of operation. In this work, the oil of chia seeds was microencapsulated in carnauba wax and its thermal stability was evaluated. Firstly, the microparticles were characterized by Medium Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Gas Chromatography and Scanning Electron Microscopy. A high encapsulation efficiency index (97%) was verified, presenting micrometric sizes, spherical shape without cracks. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used in isothermal and non-isothermal modes in order to determine the Arrhenius parameters of the natural and microencapsulated oil. It was possible to verify the effective protection of the chia oil conferred by the microparticles of carnauba wax, and an increase in the oxidative induction temperature of up to 26º C was detected in non-isothermal tests. The microparticles containing the oil were also subjected to the schaal oven test and the spectra obtained through Uv-vis were evaluated by chemometrics and determination of the extinction coefficients at 232 and 270 nm, corroborating the increase in the oxidative stability observed in the calorimetric assays.

Neste trabalho, enzimas álcool-desidrogenases provenientes de fungos marinhos e a lipase imobilizada de Candida antarctica foram utilizadas para produção de compostos de interesse sintético e biológico. No capítulo 1, enzimas álcool-desidrogenases de fungos isolados da alga marinha Bostrychia radicans foram empregadas em reações de redução de cetonas fluoradas 1-5. Os fungos identificados como Botryosphaeria sp. CBMAI 1197, Eutypella sp. CBMAI 1196, Hidropisphaera sp. CBMAI 1194 e Xylaria sp. CBMAI 119 atuaram como biocatalisadores nestas reações levando à produção de álcoois com elevada pureza enantiomérica. O fungo Botryosphaeria sp. CBMAI 1197 destacou-se frente aos demais microrganismos, produzindo os álcoois (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-feniletanol (1a) e (R)-1-(2,4,5-trifluorofenil)etanol (3a) com excelentes conversões (100% e 97%) e excessos enantioméricos (ee >99%). Este fungo também apresentou enzimas álcool-desidrogenases ativas frente a cetonas dicarboniladas 4-5, produzindo os álcoois 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-fenil-1,3-butanodiol (4a) e 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naftalenil)-1,3-butanodiol (5a) com 100% de conversão em ambos os casos e com purezas enantioméricas respectivas a 99% e 97%. Este foi o primeiro estudo realizado no Brasil com fluorocetonas dicarboniladas e com os fungos isolados da alga marinha Bostrychia radicans. No capítulo 2, a lipase comercial de Candida antarctica foi o biocatalisador empregado em reações de aminólise entre os ésteres linoleato de etila (1) e salicilato de etila (3), a amina graxa N-dodecilamina (2) e os aminoálcoois (4-9). A amina graxa N-dodecilamina (2) também foi utilizada em reações com o linoleato de etila (1), onde a lipase de Candida antarctica produziu a respectiva amida graxa 10 com rendimentos superiores a 95%. Os aminoálcoois foram selecionados para reações com o salicilato de etila (3), onde a lipase exibiu quimiosseletividade pelo grupo amino, produzindo predominantemente amidas fenólicas (12-19) com rendimentos entre 23-68%. A enzima CALB apresentou quimiosseletividade reduzida na reação com o 5-aminopentanol (6) onde os produtos amida 14 e éster 15 foram obtidos com rendimentos de 44 e 33%, respectivamente. O produto 2-hidroxi-N-(2-hidroxipropil)benzamida (19) foi obtido com rendimento superior a 90% a partir da reação catalisada pela lipase de Candida antarctica. Este produto foi selecionado como intermediário para a síntese de uma molécula hidrofóbica 21 que apresenta o éster oleato de etila em sua constituição. O produto 21 foi obtido com 75% de rendimento. As amidas fenólicas 12-21 produzidas neste trabalho são derivadas do ácido linoleico (ômega 6) e do ácido salicílico, os quais apresentam propriedades emolientes e antioxidantes. Estes compostos são interessantes para a formulação de produtos cosméticos de aplicação cutânea. Neste processo biotecnológico as reações foram conduzidas na ausência de solventes orgânicos, evitando o tratamento de solventes voláteis e a formação de subprodutos. Os compostos foram analisados por Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e caracterizados por RMN (1H, 13C), EMAR e IV. A aplicação de reações de biocatálise seja através de células microbianas ou de enzimas isoladas foram muito promissoras na síntese de compostos orgânicos de interesse como álcoois enantiomericamente puros ou amidas graxas. / In this work, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHs) enzymes from marine fungi and immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica were employed for the production of compounds of biological and synthetic interest. In chapter 1, ADHs of fungi isolated from the marine alga Bostrychia radicans were used in reduction reactions of fluorinated ketones 1-5. The fungi identified as Botryosphaeria sp. CBMAI 1197, Eutypella sp. CBMAI 1196, Hidropisphaera sp. CBMAI 1194 and Xylaria sp. CBMAI 119 acted as biocatalysts in these reactions leading to production of alcohols with high enantiomeric purity. The fungus Botryosphaeria sp. CBMAI 1197 presented highlighted compared to other microorganisms producing the alcohols (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethanol (1a) and (R) -1 - (2,4,5-trifluorophenyl) ethanol (3a) with excellent conversions (100% and 97%) and enantiomeric excesses (ee > 99%). This fungus also exhibited ADHs enzymes active with dicarbonylateds ketones, leading to the production of the alcohols 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenylbutane-1,3-diol (4a) and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)butane-1,3-diol -1,3-butanediol (5a) with conversions of 100% in both cases and enantiomeric excess of 99%-97%, respectively. This was the first study conducted with dicarbonilated fluoroketones 4-5 and with fungi isolated from the marine alga Bostrychia radicans in Brazil. In chapter 2, immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica was used as biocatalyst in the aminolysis reaction between esters of ethyl linoleate (1) and ethyl salicylate (3), the fatty amine N-dodecylamine (2) and the aminoalcohols (4-8). Six aminoalcohols were selected for reactions with ethyl salicylate (3), where the lipase exhibited chemoselectivity by the amino groups, producing predominantly phenolic amides in yields of 23-63%. The CALB exhibited um reduction in chemoselectivity in the reaction with 5-aminopentanol (6) where the amide 14 and ester 15 products were obtained with 44% and 33% yields. The product 2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxypropyl) benzamide (19) was obtained in yield greater than 90% from the reaction catalyzed by lipase from Candida antarctica. This product was selected as reagente for the synthesis of a hydrophobic molecule 21 presenting ester ethyl oleate in its constitution. The product 21 was obtained in 75% yield. The phenolic amides 12-21 produced in this work are derived from linoleic acid (omega 6) and salicylic acid, which presents emollient and antioxidants properties. These compounds are interesting for the formulation of cosmetic products for skin application. In this biotechnological process, the reactions were carried out under solvent-free conditions and vacum, avoiding the treatment of volatile solvents and by-product formation. The compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by NMR (1H, 13C), IR and HRMS. Applying biocatalysis reactions, either through microbial cells or isolated enzymes were promising for the synthesis of organic compounds such as enantiomerically pure alcohols and fatty phenolic amides.

Un procédé enzymatique sans solvant a été développé permettant la synthèse d'un ester phénolique de DHA. L'optimisation des paramètres réactionnels a permis d'atteindre des rendements élevés (440 g/L) d'ester de DHA et d'alcool vanillique (DHA-VE), dont les activités biologiques et le potentiel applicatif ont été évalués. L'activité inhibitrice du DHA-VE vis-à-vis des radicaux ABTS, DPPH et hydroxyle a été démontrée. Un effet neuroprotecteur de l'ester a également été mis en évidence sur des neurones primaires de rat, exposés aux oligomères du peptide [bêta]-amyloïde. Une étude in vivo a permis de montrer que le greffage d'alcool vanillique conduit à une augmentation du taux de DHA au niveau des globules rouges et des neurones, indiquant une biodisponibilité accrue du DHA lorsque celui-ci est couplé au composé phénolique. Aucune toxicité visible de l'ester n'a été constatée. Par ailleurs, l'incorporation de DHA-VE dans divers systèmes émulsionnés a permis d'accroître leur stabilité à l'oxydation, quelles que soient les conditions de stockage. Ceci montre le potentiel de cet ester pour enrichir diverses matrices alimentaires en DHA, tout en améliorant leur stabilité à l'oxydation. Le procédé enzymatique développé a été appliqué à de l'huile de saumon, utilisée comme source d'acides gras polyinsaturés de la série oméga-3. L'incorporation totale de l’alcool vanillique (50 g/L) a été obtenue après 24 h de réaction, conduisant à la production d'une grande variété d'esters, représentatifs de la composition initiale de l'huile en acides gras. Le milieu réactionnel brut issu de l'alcoolyse de l'huile présente une grande stabilité et des propriétés antioxydantes importantes par rapport à l'huile de saumon native. En conclusion, l'approche consistant à assembler des composés phénoliques et des lipides polyinsaturés au sein d'une même structure semble prometteuse pour renforcer le potentiel applicatif de ces deux familles de biomolécules et produire de nouveaux ingrédients bioactifs stables / An efficient solvent-free bioprocess was developed for the synthesis of DHA phenolic ester, using the lipase B from Candida antarctica. The protocol developed here led to high-level production (440 g/L) of DHA vanillyl ester (DHA-VE) that exhibits interesting application potential as food ingredient. DHA-VE was characterized by a high stability and a high radical scavenging activity towards DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radicals. Neuroprotective properties of DHA-VE were also demonstrated in rat primary neurons exposed to amyloid-[beta] oligomers. Enzymatic esterification of DHA with vanillyl alcohol (VA) led to increased DHA levels in erythrocytes and brain tissues of mice fed DHA-VE-supplemented diet comparing with DHA. No visible toxicity of the ester was found. Enrichment of emulsions with DHA-VE improved significantly their oxidative stability whatever the conditions of storage, showing the potential of DHA-VE to enrich various food matrices with DHA while protecting them against oxidation. The enzymatic process was applied to salmon oil as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The total conversion of VA (50 g/L) was achieved after 24 h of reaction, leading to the production of a wide variety of esters that mirror the initial composition of the oil. The crude reaction medium recovered from salmon oil alcoholysis exhibited a high stability together with high antioxidant properties in comparison with native salmon oil. In conclusion, the approach that consists in bringing phenolic compounds and PUFA-rich lipids together within a single structure is expected to provide stable bioactive ingredients that should broaden the scope of application of omega-3 PUFAs whose health benefits are increasingly sought

Le schéma d'allumage par choc représente une alternative aux schémas d'allumage classiques en Fusion par Confinement Inertiel. Sa singularité repose sur la relaxation des contraintes sur la phase de compression et l'atteinte des conditions d'allumage par l'envoi d'une impulsion laser brève (~500 ps) et très puissante (~300 TW) sur le combustible en fin d'implosion.Au cours de ce travail de thèse, il a été établi que ce procédé induit une configuration non-isobare du combustible au moment de l'allumage, modifiant ainsi les critères d'inflammation du Deutérium-Tritium (DT) par rapport aux schémas conventionnels d'allumage. Un modèle de gain pour la combustion est ensuite développé et des courbes de gain pour l'allumage par choc sont alors obtenues puis validées numériquement. La modélisation hydrodynamique présentée a démontré qu'il est ainsi possible d'obtenir de hauts gains à plus faibles énergies laser que l'allumage conventionnel du fait de la haute pression du point chaud au moment de l'allumage résultante de la propagation du choc d'allumage.Le code d'hydrodynamique radiative CHIC du CELIA a été utilisé afin de développer des dépendances paramétriques définissant les conditions optimales en termes de paramètres de dimensionnement de cibles pour l'atteinte des conditions d'ignition. Ces études numériques ont mis en lumière le potentiel du procédé d'allumage par choc en termes d'économie d'énergie laser, de hauts gains mais aussi de marges de sécurité et de robustesse pour l'allumage. Enfin, les résultats des premières campagnes expérimentales d'allumage par choc en symétrie sphérique effectuées sur l'installation laser OMEGA (NY, USA) sont présentés. Une interprétation des résultats est proposée à partir de simulations hydrodynamiques mono et bidimensionnelles. Différentes pistes sont alors explorées afin d'expliquer les différences observées et des solutions potentielles pour l'amélioration des performances à l'échelle de l'installation OMEGA sont proposées. / The Shock Ignition (SI) scheme is an alternative to classical ignition schemes in Inertial Confinement Fusion. Its singularity relies on the relaxation of constraints during the compression phase and fulfilment of ignition conditions by launching a short and intense laser pulse (~500 ps, ~300 TW) on the preassembled fuel at the end of the implosion.In this thesis, it has been established that the SI process leads to a non-isobaric fuel configuration at the ignition time thus modifying the ignition criteria of Deuterium-Tritium (DT) against the conventional schemes. A gain model has been developed and gain curves have been infered and numerically validated. This hydrodynamical modeling has demonstrated that the SI process allows higher gain and lower ignition energy threshold than conventional ignition due to the high hot spot pressure at ignition time resulting from the ignitor shock propagation.The radiative hydrodynamic CHIC code developed at the CELIA laboratory has been used to determine parametric dependences describing the optimal conditions for target design leading to ignition. These numerical studies have enlightened the potential of SI with regards to saving up laser energy, obtain high gains but also to safety margins and ignition robustness.Finally, the results of the first SI experiments performed in spherical geometry on the OMEGA laser facility (NY, USA) are presented. An interpretation of the experimental data is proposed from mono and bidimensional hydrodynamic simulations. Then, different trails are explored to account for the differences observed between experimental and numerical data and alternative solutions to improve performances are suggested.

La mucoviscidose est une maladie génétique présentant des altérations ioniques causées par une protéine membranaire défectueuse ou inexistante la CFTR entraînant des perturbations métaboliques. Nous sommes intéressés à l’altération du métabolisme des acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) n-3 et n-6, caractérisé par une déficience en acides linoléique (LA) et docosahexaénoïque (DHA) et une élévation de l’acide arachidonique (AA). Ce déséquilibre peut être préjudiciable à l’état des patients du fait du rôle clé de certains AGPI à différents niveaux de la vie. Nos travaux ont portés sur la recherche des bénéfices d’un vecteur riche en un AGPI n-3 d’intérêt, le DHA, dans le contexte de la mucoviscidose à travers deux approches : une approche par supplémentation réalisée chez un modèle murin présentant la mutation la plus répandue chez les patients, et une approche sur un modèle d’entérocyte humain afin d’étudier de façon plus approfondie l’intérêt du supplément sur la fonctionnalité cellulaire (absorption des nutriments lipidiques). Nos résultats nous ont conduits à différentes conclusions : les souris delF508 nourries avec du Peptamen Junior présentent une perturbation du métabolisme des n-6 (LA, AA) dès l’âge de 3 mois ; cette altération apparaît mais plus tard sous régime standard. Par contre, quelque soit le régime alimentaire notre modèle ne développe pas de déficience en DHA jusqu’à l’âge d’1 an. L’évolution du statut en AGPI n-6 est donc dépendante du régime et de l’âge. L’apport de glycérophospholipides enrichis en DHA administré à faible dose permet de corriger les perturbations en AGPI n-6 et d’augmenter le rapport en DHA/AA dans la plupart des organes. Ce vecteur s’avère potentiellement intéressant en nutrithérapie chez le patient. Un enrichissement physiologique en DHA de l’entérocyte ne modifie pas ses capacités absorptives qui sont plutôt régulées par le type de particules véhiculant les produits de lipolyses, micelles de sels biliaires versus liposomes. / Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease showing ionic alterations, caused by an absent or defective membrane protein CFTR leading to metabolic disturbances. We are interested in n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism alteration characterized by a linoleic (LA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids deficiency and high level of arachidonic acid (AA). This imbalance can affect patient health due to the key role of some PUFAs in different levels of life. Our studies focused on finding the benefits of a vector enriched in one interesting n-3 PUFA, DHA, in context of cystic fibrosis, through two approaches: a nutritional supplementation conducted in a mouse model with the most common mutation of cystic fibrosis patients, and an approach on a model of human enterocyte to investigate more thoroughly the effect of the vector on cell functionality (absorption of lipid nutrients). Our results led us to different conclusions: del F508 mice fed with Peptamen Junior have a metabolic disorder of the n-6 PUFA (LA, AA) at the age of 3 months, but this alteration appears later under standard regime . But, whatever the diet, our model does not develop a DHA deficiency to the age of 1 year. The changing status of n-6 is dependent on diet and age. Glycerophospholipids enriched in DHA given at low doses can correct disturbances in PUFA n-6 and increase the DHA/AA ratio in most organs. This vector is potentially interesting for a patient nutritherapy. A physiological DHA enrichment of enterocyte does not alter its absorption capacity, which is rather regulated by the type of particles carrying the lipolysis products, bile salt micelles versus liposomes.