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Kappa Opioid Receptor regulation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase signaling cascade molecular mechanisms modulating cocaine reward : a dissertation /Rasakham, Khampaseuth. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Northeastern University, 2008. / Title from title page (viewed March 3, 2009). Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-156).
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Role of k-opioid receptor in cardioprotection against stress with cold exposure and restraint or against morphineWong, Cheuk-yui, Max. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
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Examining the attitudes and beliefs of family physicians toward the use of controlled-release opioids for the treatment of chronic non-malignant painNwokeji, Esmond Donlee, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Analysis of increased public access to naloxone as a method to control the recent fentanyl epidemicPellegrini, Eric 05 November 2016 (has links)
The opioid fentanyl is becoming an increasingly popular drug of abuse across the United States. With a potency up to 100 times greater than the common opioid morphine, fentanyl use can easily lead to overdoses. This is especially true as fentanyl is increasingly found mixed into other illicit drugs without users’ knowledge. However, there exists an antidote for opioid overdoses called naloxone. Naloxone is a pure antagonist at μ-opioid receptors in the brain and produces little known side-effects. Recently, the FDA has approved naloxone delivery devices designed for individuals without medical training, making naloxone layperson friendly. Under today’s policy, naloxone is a prescription medication. This means physicians must write a prescription for take-home naloxone or issue a standing order allowing other healthcare professionals to distribute naloxone. However, there are little federal laws governing naloxone as most of the statutes discussing naloxone access and administration are determined by individual states. For example, only some states allow physicians to prescribe naloxone to non-patients. Additionally, many states have differing laws regarding criminal liabilities for physicians who prescribe the drug and for laypersons who administer the drug. In the U.S. there exists a dilemma with naloxone, as topics ranging from public policy to insurance coverage are controversial. With increasing information on fentanyl and naloxone being published, the U.S. is currently looking into the idea of making naloxone more accessible as a way to reduce overdose deaths.
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Conhecimento de profissionais de saúde sobre o manejo da dor e uso de opioides em pediatriaFreitas, Gabriel Rodrigues Martins de January 2013 (has links)
Introdução: A dor é o principal motivo de procura ao atendimento médico. Organizações internacionais de saúde indicam o alívio da dor como um direito humano básico. A literatura indica subutilização de opioides devido ao conhecimento insuficiente, o receio quanto ao potencial de adição, efeitos adversos e mitos persistentes sobre estes analgésicos por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar grau de conhecimento de profissionais de saúde no manejo da dor e no uso de opioides em três unidades pediátricas (Pediatria, UTI e Oncologia). Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado em um hospital universitário do Sul do Brasil. Um questionário autoaplicável foi entregue para 182 profissionais (médicos, enfermeiros, farmacêuticos, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem), entre dezembro de 2011 e março de 2012. Resultados: A taxa de retorno foi de 67% (122). O percentual médio de acertos foi de 63,2 ± 1,4%. Os erros mais frequentes foram: um opioide não deve ser utilizado sem se saber a causa da dor (47%; 54/115); pacientes desenvolvem depressão respiratória frequentemente (42,3%; 22/52) e confusão entre os sintomas da síndrome de abstinência, tolerância e dependência (81,9%; 95/116). Apenas 8,8% (10/114) relataram o uso de escalas de dor para reconhecer a dor em crianças. A barreira para o controle da dor mais citada foi a dificuldade de medir e localizar a dor em pacientes pediátricos. Finalmente, 50,8% (62/122) não receberam nenhum treinamento sobre dor. Conclusões: Foram identificados problemas nos processos de identificação, mensuração e tratamento da dor. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de investimento na formação continuada dos profissionais e no desenvolvimento de protocolos que busquem aperfeiçoar a terapia analgésica, impedindo um aumento desnecessário do sofrimento da criança. / Introduction: Pain is the main reason to seek medical care. Health international organizations indicate pain relief as a basic human right. The literature indicates underuse of opioids due to insufficient knowledge, fears about the potential for addiction, side effects and persistent myths about these analgesics by health professionals. Objective: To assess degree of knowledge and attitudes of health professionals about management of pain in three pediatric units (Pediatric, ICU and Oncology). Methods: Cross-sectional study in a teaching hospital in southern Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire was delivered to 182 professionals (doctors, nurses, pharmacists, technicians and nursing assistants), between December 2011 and March 2012. Results: The rate of return was 67% (122). The average percentage of correct responses was 63.2 ± 1.4%. The most frequent errors were: an opioid should not be used without knowing the cause of pain (47%, 54/115); patients often develop respiratory depression (42.3%, 22/52); and confusion between symptoms of the syndrome withdrawal, tolerance and dependence (81.9%, 95/116). Only 8.8% (10/114) reported using pain scales to recognize pain in children. The barrier to pain control most cited was the difficulty to measure and locate the pain in pediatric patients. Finally, 50.8% (62/122) received no training on pain. Conclusions: The study identified problems in the process of recognizing, measuring and treating pain. The results suggest the need for investment in training to health care team and development of protocols that seek to optimize analgesic therapy, preventing an unnecessary increase the suffering of the child.
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Heroin Use and Recidivism: The Impact of Familial Social SupportJanuary 2016 (has links)
abstract: There has been a rise in heroin use throughout the United States due to doctors increasingly prescribing painkillers to patients with chronic pain (Kanouse & Compton, 2015; Compton, Boyle, & Wargo, 2015). Individuals get addicted to painkillers and, when their doctor will no longer prescribe them, turn to alternative methods of relief; heroin is often their cheapest option (Kolodny, Courtwright, Hwang, Kreiner, Eadie, Clark, & Alexander 2015). Heroin users are three to four times more likely to die from overdose than other types of drug users (Darke & Hall, 2003). The purpose of this study is to determine the likelihood that heroin users successfully reenter the community upon release from prison in comparison to other types of drug users. There are several re-entry outcomes that can be considered “success”; this study measures success as an index of the quality of the returning offender’s familial relationships as well as recidivism. The data used for this analysis is the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI). The sample consists of male offenders, aged 18 years and older, who have been convicted of and imprisoned for a serious or violent crime. Findings suggest familial social support does not have an effect on heroin use, but heroin use increases the risk of recidivism. These findings will provide a context for rehabilitation of heroin offenders and will launch future research focusing on the differences between heroin users and other types of drug users. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2016
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Efeitos antinociceptivos, cardiorrespiratórios e gastrointestinais da detomidina associada ou não à metadona em equinosPignaton, Wangles [UNESP] 25 February 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
pignaton_w_me_botfm.pdf: 442901 bytes, checksum: 4b1a350341437029cdd0ac39e0be3074 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Apesar de doses relativamente elevadas de opioides produzirem maior intensidade de efeito analgésico, tais doses também estão associadas a efeitos adversos que podem limitar seu emprego em equinos. No presente estudo, hipotetizou-se que uma dose baixa de metadona (0,2 mg/kg), a qual não produz analgesia consistente quando administrada isoladamente em modelos de dor experimental, potencializaria a analgesia induzida pela detomidina, sem resultar em efeitos adversos como excitação/depressão cardiorrespiratória importante ou potencializar a hipomotilidade intestinal induzida pelo agonista α2-adrenérgico. Seis equinos (415 ± 20 kg) receberam dois tratamentos intravenosos com intervalo mínimo de uma semana em um delineamento aleatorizado duplo-cego: 0,01 mg/kg de detomidina administrada isoladamente (tratamento DET) ou em associação a 0,2 mg/kg de metadona (tratamento DET/MET). A analgesia foi avaliada através dos limiares nociceptivos térmico (LNT) e elétrico (LNE). O LNT consistiu no tempo para retirada do membro torácico em resposta à lâmpada de projeção de calor aplicada sobre a banda coronária. O LNE consistiu na voltagem (aplicada via eletrodos sobre a banda coronária) mais elevada capaz de induzir a retirada do membro torácico. A sedação foi avaliada pela distância queixo-solo e pelo interesse por alimento (feno de alfafa). A analgesia, sedação e parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios (eletrocardiografia, pressão arterial e gasometria arterial) foram avaliados antes e durante 120 min após os a administração dos tratamentos. Os escores de auscultação intestinal foram determinados durante 12 horas após a administração dos tratamentos. Tanto o LNE como o LNT se elevaram significativamente em relação aos valores basais durante 15 min após a DET. No tratamento DET/MET, a administração dos fármacos resultou em elevação significativamente... / Although relativelly high doses of opioids result in greater analgesic effect, these doses also cause adverse effects that may limit its clinical usefullness in horses. In the present study it was hipothesized that a dose of methadone that does not induce a consistent analgesic effect when administered alone (0.2 mg/kg) in experimental pain models would potentialize detomidine’s analgesic effect without resulting in adverse side effects such as excitation / important cardiorespiratory depression or potentialization of the intestinal hypomotility induced by the alpha-2 agonist. A total of six horses (415 ± 20 kg) received 2 intravenous treatments in a randomized double-blinded study design: 0.01 mg/kg of detomidine administered alone (DET treatment) or combined with 0.2 mg/kg of methadone (DET/MET treatment). The analgesia was evaluated by assessing the thermal (TNT) and electrical nociceptive thresholds (ENT). The TNT was assessed by measuring time for limb withdrawal (thoracic limb) in response to a heat projection lamp applied to the coronary band. The ENT was recorded as the highest voltage (applied via electrodes placed in the coronary band of the thoracic limb) that induced limb withdrawal. Sedation was assessed by the chin-to-floor distance and by the interest for food (alfalfa hay). The nociceptive testing, sedation and cardiorespiratory data (electrocardiography, direct arterial pressures, and arterial blood gases) were recorded before and during 120 minutes after drug injection. The intestinal auscultation scores were recorded for 12 hours after treatment administration.Both the ENT and the TNT significantly increased from baseline during 15 minutes after DET. In the DET/MET treatment, drug injection resulted in significantly greater and more prolonged (30 minutes increases in ENT and TNT in comparison to the DET treatment. The chin-to-floor distance was significantly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Infusão contínua intravenosa de cloridrato de xilazina associada ou não à meperidina em jumentos nordestinos (Equus asinus) /Sousa, Samuel dos Santos. January 2016 (has links)
Orientador: José Antonio Marques / Banca: Deborah Penteado Martins Dias / Banca: Paulo Aléscio Canola / Resumo: Existem poucos protocolos para a contenção e sedação de jumentos . Os agonistas alfa-2 são os fármacos mais amplamente administrados e é sabido que essa classe de fármacos pode produzir alguns efeitos deletérios no sistema cardiorrespiratório do animal. Os fármacos da classe dos opioides vêem ganhando espaço na prática anestésica com asininos, pois esses fármacos são utilizados como uma alternativa para a sedação desses animais. Além de produzirem certo grau de sedação, possuem característica analgésica, sem promover efeitos adversos. Na literatura pesquisada não foi encontrado, nenhum estudo sobre o uso associado de xilazina em infusão contínua com meperidina e seus efeitos hemodinâmicos nos muares. Diante deste exposto, objetivou-se estudar os efeitos da associação da infusão contínua da xilazina com bollus intramuscular de meperidina como protocolo de sedação em jumentos. Para tal, foram utilizados seis jumentos, SRD, sendo um macho e cinco fêmeas, com peso médio de 141±23 kg. Os animais foram submetidos a três protocolos experimentais dividos em três grupos, Grupo A: infusão contínua intravenosa de 1,1 mg/kg/hora de xilazina a solução salina por via intramuscular; Grupo B: infusão contínua intravenosa de 0,8 mg/kg/hora de xilazina e solução salina por via intramuscular e Grupo C: infusão contínua intravenosa de 0,8 mg/kg/hora de xilazina e 4 mg/kg de meperidina por via intramuscular. Foi observado redução na frequência respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica nos animais ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: To the present, there has been few descriptions of anesthetic protocol for restraint and sedation in donkey (Equus asinus). Alpha-2-agonists are widely administered class of drugs. Known to produce some deleterious effects over the cardiopulmonary system. The use of opioids in donkeys has sained popularity anesthetic practicioners, since these drugs are used as an alternative sedative with analgesic characteristics with minimal side effects. To our knowledge, there has not been study evaluating the effects of the association of continuous rate infusion of xilazine with meperidine given intramuscularly over the cardiovascular parameters of donkeys. Therefore, the objective of our study evaluate was to the capacity of sedation and the cardiorespiratory implications of the anesthetic association in donkeys. In order to performe the study, six mixed breed, one male and five females, were used. The average weight has 141 ± 23 kg. The animals were subjected to three experimental protocols. Group A: Continuous intravenous infusion of 1.1 mg / kg / hour of xylazine and saline solution intramuscularly; Group B: Continuous intravenous infusion of 0.8 mg / kg / hour of xylazine and saline solution intramuscularly and Group C: continuous intravenous infusion of 0.8 mg / kg / hour of xylazine and 4 mg / kg of meperidine intramuscularly. Respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure decreased in animals of group A and C. While diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure decreased in all three groups. Head Height lowered following treatment in all groups. The combination of meperidine with continuous rate infusion of xylazine did not cause significant cardiorespiratory implications and produced satisfactory degree of sedation / Mestre
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Infusão contínua de propofol associado ao fentanil ou sufentanil em cadelas submetidas a ovariosalpingo-histerectomia /Conceição, Elaine Dione Venêga da January 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Newton Nunes / Banca: Juliana Noda Bechara Belo / Banca: Paulo Sérgio Patto dos Santos / Banca: Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão / Banca: José Antonio Marques / Resumo: Avaliaram-se os efeitos da infusão contínua de propofol em associação ao fentanil ou sufentanil sobre a hemodinâmica, eletrocardiografia e índice biespectral em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingo-histerectomia. Para tal, foram utilizadas 20 cadelas hígidas, induzidas à anestesia geral com 10 mg/kg de propofol. Após a intubação com sonda orotraqueal de Magill, receberam suporte ventilatório com oxigênio a 100% e fluxo de 15 mUkg/min em circuito fechado, ciciado no modo pressão controlada, mantendo-se a ventilação a pressão positiva intermitente. A manutenção anestésica foi realizada com a administração de O,4mglkglmin de propofol e foram distribuídos em dois grupos de 10 animais que receberam 5J,lglkg de fentanil (GPF) ou 1J,lg/kg de sufentanil (GPS) por via intravenosa, seguida de infusão contínua... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Possible effects of the continuous infusion of propofol associated with fentanyl or sufentanil on haemodynamic, blood gas analysis, electrocardiography and bispectral index in female dogs, submitted to the surgical procedure of ovariosalpingohysterectomy, were evaluated. Twenty healthy female dogs were used and general anesthesia was induced with 10mglkg of propofol. They received ventilatory support with 100% oxygen and a 15 mUkg/min flow in a cIosed circuit, cycled with controlled pressure. Ali animais were submitted to total intravenous anesthesia with propotol (O.4mg/kglmin) and distributed in two groups of ten animais each one. They received 5J.1glkg of fentanyl (GPF) or 1J.1g1kg of sufentanil... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
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Conhecimento de profissionais de saúde sobre o manejo da dor e uso de opioides em pediatriaFreitas, Gabriel Rodrigues Martins de January 2013 (has links)
Introdução: A dor é o principal motivo de procura ao atendimento médico. Organizações internacionais de saúde indicam o alívio da dor como um direito humano básico. A literatura indica subutilização de opioides devido ao conhecimento insuficiente, o receio quanto ao potencial de adição, efeitos adversos e mitos persistentes sobre estes analgésicos por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar grau de conhecimento de profissionais de saúde no manejo da dor e no uso de opioides em três unidades pediátricas (Pediatria, UTI e Oncologia). Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado em um hospital universitário do Sul do Brasil. Um questionário autoaplicável foi entregue para 182 profissionais (médicos, enfermeiros, farmacêuticos, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem), entre dezembro de 2011 e março de 2012. Resultados: A taxa de retorno foi de 67% (122). O percentual médio de acertos foi de 63,2 ± 1,4%. Os erros mais frequentes foram: um opioide não deve ser utilizado sem se saber a causa da dor (47%; 54/115); pacientes desenvolvem depressão respiratória frequentemente (42,3%; 22/52) e confusão entre os sintomas da síndrome de abstinência, tolerância e dependência (81,9%; 95/116). Apenas 8,8% (10/114) relataram o uso de escalas de dor para reconhecer a dor em crianças. A barreira para o controle da dor mais citada foi a dificuldade de medir e localizar a dor em pacientes pediátricos. Finalmente, 50,8% (62/122) não receberam nenhum treinamento sobre dor. Conclusões: Foram identificados problemas nos processos de identificação, mensuração e tratamento da dor. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de investimento na formação continuada dos profissionais e no desenvolvimento de protocolos que busquem aperfeiçoar a terapia analgésica, impedindo um aumento desnecessário do sofrimento da criança. / Introduction: Pain is the main reason to seek medical care. Health international organizations indicate pain relief as a basic human right. The literature indicates underuse of opioids due to insufficient knowledge, fears about the potential for addiction, side effects and persistent myths about these analgesics by health professionals. Objective: To assess degree of knowledge and attitudes of health professionals about management of pain in three pediatric units (Pediatric, ICU and Oncology). Methods: Cross-sectional study in a teaching hospital in southern Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire was delivered to 182 professionals (doctors, nurses, pharmacists, technicians and nursing assistants), between December 2011 and March 2012. Results: The rate of return was 67% (122). The average percentage of correct responses was 63.2 ± 1.4%. The most frequent errors were: an opioid should not be used without knowing the cause of pain (47%, 54/115); patients often develop respiratory depression (42.3%, 22/52); and confusion between symptoms of the syndrome withdrawal, tolerance and dependence (81.9%, 95/116). Only 8.8% (10/114) reported using pain scales to recognize pain in children. The barrier to pain control most cited was the difficulty to measure and locate the pain in pediatric patients. Finally, 50.8% (62/122) received no training on pain. Conclusions: The study identified problems in the process of recognizing, measuring and treating pain. The results suggest the need for investment in training to health care team and development of protocols that seek to optimize analgesic therapy, preventing an unnecessary increase the suffering of the child.
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