Marburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 1999.

Proefschrift - Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht. / Bibliography: p. 51-55.

Zugl.: Marburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 1999.

Algae are a prolific source of biochemicals with economic importance, including nutraceuticals, biofuels, animal feed, etc. The general aim of this study was to establish how the hydrodynamic conditions generated within specific types or designs of photobioreactors determine their respective algae growth. The specific objectives of this study were: (1) To determine and compare key hydrodynamic parameters in the Air Accordion photobioreactor and the conventional bubble column, including Residence Time, Vessel Dispersion Number, Bodenstein Number, Mixing Time and oxygen liquid mass transfer coefficient (kla); and, (2) To test how differences in the hydrodynamic conditions would result in significant difference in growths of the green alga Scenedesmus obliquuus between the photobioreactors. The results of the study showed that: (1) The Residence Time of 566 s for the Air Accordion significantly exceeded by 28% that of 444 s for the bubble column, signifying greater liquid mixing in the Air Accordion; (2) The Vessel Dispersion Number for the Air Accordion of 0.168 significantly exceeded that for the bubble column of 0.166, indicating greater degree of mixing in the Air Accordion than in the bubble column; (3) The Mixing Time in both the Air Accordion and the bubble column declined as the air flow rate increased, indicating that the tracer ions in both photobioreactors mixed more quickly. For each of the flow rates tested, however, the mixing time for the bubble column significantly exceeded that for the Air Accordion, indicating that liquid mixing in the Air Accordion occured significantly quicker than in the bubble column. At 1.0 LPM, the bubble column's Mixing Time of 10 s exceeded by 25% that of the Air Accordion of 8 s; (4) The oxygen liquid mass transfer coefficients in both photobioreactors increased as the air flow rate increased, indicating that the transfer of oxygen from the air bubbles into the liquid within the photobioreactors gained efficiency. For each of the air flow rates tested, however, the oxygen liquid mass transfer coefficient for the Air Accordion significantly exceeded that for the bubble column, indicating a significantly more efficient oxygenation of the liquid in the Air Accordion occurring than in the bubble column. At 1.0 LPM, the Air Accordion's oxygen liquid mass transfer coefficient of 0.00138 s⁻¹ exceeded by 48% that of the bubble column of 0.000931 s⁻¹; and (5) The growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in the Air Accordion significantly exceeded that in the bubble column for both 0.1 LPM and 1.0 LPM. The final algae density of 0.25 g DW/L in the Air Accordion significantly exceeded by 31% that of 0.18 g DW/L in the bubble column at 0.1 LPM. Similarly, the final algae density of 0.37 g DW/L in the Air Accordion significantly exceeded by 19% that of 0.31 g DW/L in the bubble column at 1.0 LPM. Thus, the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in the Air Accordion photobioreactor -- with significanlty more favorable hydrodynamic characteristics in terms of Residence Time, Vessel Dispersion Number, Mixing Time and oxygen liquid mass transfer coefficient -- significantly exceeded algae growth in the bubble column of the same volume and under the same environmetal conditons.

Scenedesmus obliquus is a freshwater microalga which has high lipid content and biomass productivity. It is regarded as a promising species for production of biodiesel and other valuable organic compounds. Given the high cost of using potable water and commercial fertilizers, the use of municipal wastewater as algal growth medium is attractive in view of its constituent organic carbon and inorganic nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus. Investigating the mixotrophic cultivation of S. obliquus in an imitation municipal wastewater, the results of this study showed that: (1) The unmodified imitation wastewater by itself as expected yielded poor S. obliquus growth owing to its pH significantly decreasing to 3.5 as caused by the presence of Ammonium Chloride in the wastewater, inhibiting cell growth; (2) Adding either Acetic Acid or Sodium Acetate to the wastewater medium maintained its pH at 6.5 to 7.0, and its algae biomass on day 6 increased significantly by 212% and 194%, respectively; (3) Adding either Acetic Acid or Sodium Acetate to the wastewater medium maintained its pH at 6.5 to 7.0, and its algae biomass during exponential phase (day 4) significantly exceeded that in the MF control by 220.6% and 165.8%, respectively, while its algae biomass during saturation (day 6) significantly exceeded that in the MF control by 60.8% and 51.5%, respectively; and (4) Addition of NaNO₃ to the wastewater to match the level of N in the MF medium improved the algae biomass by 10%. This study developed ways for how the successful mixotrophic cultivation of S. obliquus in municipal wastewater could be achieved.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-05-30T13:27:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 796270 bytes, checksum: 7fff46a9d3a52c63d7b42f821ece99fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T13:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 796270 bytes, checksum: 7fff46a9d3a52c63d7b42f821ece99fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-20 / A busca pela redução no custo de produção de biodiesel a partir de microalgas é um fator essencial para viabilizar a utilização desta fonte de energia na matriz energética mundial. Diante desta questão, verificou-se a possibilidade da utilização do gás ozônio na recuperação dos nutrientes assimilados pela microalga Scenedesmus obliquus BR003, durante seu cultivo em meio BG11 e posterior reuso em cultivo subsequente. O espectro de absorbância no visível da microalga durante a ozonização revelou que, a partir de 34 minutos de tratamento não ocorrem variações significativas nos valores de absorbância. Os picos de absorção encontrados foram de 436, 470 e 680 nm, que representam a clorofila a (436 e 680 nm) e os carotenóides (470 nm). Para os resultados de massa seca durante o processo de ozonização, o tempo de estabilização dos valores foi similar, durando cerca de 35 minutos. Após análise do perfil eletroforético em gel de poliacrilamida, foi possível identificar a oxidação das proteínas ao longo da ozonização. Para os nutrientes, os teores disponibilizados de amônio, nitrato e fosfato, após 50 minutos de ozonização, foram de 1,1, 5,7 e 1,2 mg L -1 , respectivamente, evidenciando a possibilidade de recuperação dos nutrientes presentes nas células de microalgas. O cultivo realizado somente com o extrato decorrente da ozonização de microalgas, obteve biomassa final de 0,64 g L -1 , resultado semelhante ao cultivo em meio BG11 suplementado com o mesmo extrato (0,66 g L -1 ) e três vezes superior ao meio BG11 sem suplementação (0,21 g L -1 ). De forma geral, os tratamentos em que o nitrogênio presente no meio BG11 não foi aplicado apresentaram maiores teores de lipídios. Outro indicador de estresse por falta de nitrogênio foram os teores de clorofila a, clorofila b e carotenoides totais, em que, os tratamentos com baixo teores de nitrogênio apresentaram menores concentrações destes pigmentos. O custo estimado de ozonização das microalgas para se obter um litro de lipídios ficou em R$ 5,75, contudo com o aumento da escala e melhorias na produtividade de lipídios este custo caiu para R$ 2,33. Ressalta-se que, o aumento da eficiência do processo de ozonização pode permitir a redução do custo destes valores. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicam a possibilidade da utilização do gás ozônio, no processo de reaproveitamento de nutrientes a partir do cultivo da microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. / The need of reducing the cost of microalgae-based biodiesel production is a crucial factor to turn its adoption feasible in the world energy matrix. Faced with this issue, an experiment was set up to investigate the potential use of ozone gas on recovering nutrients assimilated by the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus BR003 during its subsequent cultivation in BG11 medium. After 34 min of ozonization, analyzes of absorbance in the visible spectrum of the microalgae revealed that no significant variation in absorbance values was observed. Absorption peaks were found at 436, 470 and 680 nm, which represents chlorophyll a (436 and 680 nm), and carotenoids (470 nm). Moreover, assessment of dry mass weights during the ozonization process showed similar values for stabilization period of approximately 35 minutes. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the oxidation in proteins bands along the process of ozonation. For nutrients, the levels of available ammonium, nitrate and phosphate, after 50 minutes of ozonization, were 1.1, 5.7 and 1.2 mg L -1 , respectively; therefore, indicating that nutrients present in the microalgae cells can be potentially recovered. The cultivation carried out solely with the extract obtained after microalgae ozonization resulted in 0.64 g L -1 of final biomass. Similar results were found when BG11 culture medium supplemented with the same extract were used (0.66 g L -1 ); however, values were three-fold higher when BG11 medium without supplementation was adopted (0.21 g L -1 ). Generally, the treatments with no nitrogen supplementation showed higher levels of lipids. Furthermore, other indicators of nitrogen deficiency such as low levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were noticed. Accordingly, the treatment with low levels of nitrogen showed lower concentrations of these pigments. The estimated cost to produce one liter of lipids via microalgae ozonization was R$ 5.75, even though this cost decreased to R$ 2.33 per liter when large production scales and improvement of lipids yield was adopted. Consequently, increasing the efficiency of the ozonization process might enable further reduction of the costs previously calculated. The results obtained in this study, indicate the possibility of the use of ozone gas in the process of nutrient recycling, from the cultivation of microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus.

LIMA, Rejane Maria Moreira. Ação antimicrobiana e antioxidante in vitro das frações proteicas da microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. 2016. 86 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Paulo Alencar (ppgcta@ufc.br) on 2017-06-23T17:39:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_rmmlima.pdf: 1690211 bytes, checksum: d0cfc868ddc16088a09ed8e8b65b3ce0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2017-06-27T21:55:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_rmmlima.pdf: 1690211 bytes, checksum: d0cfc868ddc16088a09ed8e8b65b3ce0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T21:55:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_rmmlima.pdf: 1690211 bytes, checksum: d0cfc868ddc16088a09ed8e8b65b3ce0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / The increase in research involving the extraction of biologically active compounds microalgae has recently around the world, thanks to the advancement of studies that demonstrate its potential biotechnology, and medical nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity of chlorophyll a, the rate of cell growth and the soluble protein content of microalgae obliquus Scenedesmus grown in vertical photobioreactor amid toilet cultivation (Water Culture) modified under controlled conditions of temperature and light. In addition, we evaluated the protein fractions subjected to precipitation with ammonium sulfate at different levels of saturation (0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60% and 60-80%), as the antifungal activity, using the disk diffusion method, and the antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). There was the quantification of the essential amino acid content present in the fraction with the highest activity. The results showed a production of 8.5 mg chlorophyll a / L Cell density Maximum (DCM) was 130 x 105 cells / ml and the protein concentration measured in protein fractions ranged from 0.485 to 1.042 mg / ml. The electrophoretic pattern of protein fractions delineated by a wide range of molecular weight ranging from 116 kDa and 14.4 kDa, predominantly greater concentration of proteins in the range between 21.5 and 45 kDa. The protein fractions tested (FrP0-20% FrP20-40% FrP40-60% and FrP60-80%) had antimicrobial effect against C. kefyr fungus, A. niger and A. fumigatus, but only a fraction FrP40-60 % and the control treatment showed inhibition zone for C. albicans. No treatment had inhibitory effect of growth of bacteria S. epidermidis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Only FrP fractions 40-60% and FrP60-80% showed growth inhibition of S. aureus. The FrP40-60% fraction showed superior results in all analyzes with a maximum of 85% antioxidant effect at a concentration of 0.8 mg / mL. Quantitative analysis of essential amino acids revealed the presence of Cys, Lys, Leu, Phe, Thr, Tyr, Val, Met, Ile and Trp. The results showed that Scenedesmus obliquus is a promising source of biocompounds that can be used in the manufacture of food supplements for humans and animals, cosmetics and medicines preparation. / O aumento de pesquisas envolvendo a extração de compostos biologicamente ativos de microalgas se deu recentemente em todo o mundo, graças ao avanço de estudos que comprovam o seu potencial biotecnológico, nutricional e medicinal. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de clorofila a, a taxa de crescimento celular e o teor de proteínas solúveis da microalga Scenedesmus obliquus cultivada em fotobiorreator plano vertical em meio de cultivo W.C. (Water Culture) modificado sob condições controladas de temperatura e luminosidade. Além disso, avaliou-se as frações proteicas submetidas à precipitação com sulfato de amônio em diferentes níveis de saturação (0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60% e 60-80%), quanto a atividade antifúngica, empregando o método de disco difusão, e a atividade antioxidante, utilizando o método DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil). Fez-se a quantificação do teor de aminoácidos essenciais presentes na fração que apresentou maior atividade. Os resultados demonstraram uma produção de clorofila a de 8,5 mg/ L, a Densidade Celular Máxima (DCM) foi de 130 x 105 cel/ mL e a concentração de proteínas nas frações proteicas avaliadas variou entre 0,485 a 1,042 mg/ mL. O perfil eletroforético das frações proteicas delineou-se por uma ampla faixa de peso molecular que variou entre 14,4 kDa e 116 kDa, predominando uma maior concentração de proteínas na faixa entre 21,5 e 45 kDa. As frações proteicas testadas (FrP0-20%, FrP20-40%, FrP40-60% e FrP60-80%) apresentaram efeito antimicrobiano contra os fungos C. kefyr, A. niger e A. fumigatus, porém somente a fração FrP40-60% e o tratamento controle apresentaram halo de inibição para C. albicans. Nenhum tratamento teve efeito inibidor do crescimento das bactérias S. epidermidis, E. coli e P. aeruginosa. Apenas as frações FrP 40-60% e FrP60-80% apresentaram inibição do crescimento da bactéria S. aureus. A fração FrP40-60% apresentou resultados superiores em todas as análises com um efeito antioxidante máximo de 85% na concentração de 0,8 mg/ mL. A análise quantitativa de aminoácidos essenciais revelou a presença de Cis, Lis, Leu, Fen, Tre, Tir, Val, Met, Ile e Trp. Os resultados evidenciaram que Scenedesmus obliquus é uma fonte promissora de biocompostos que podem ser utilizados na fabricação de suplementos alimentares para humanos e animais, elaboração cosméticos e de medicamentos.

Growing interest in biofuel production from non-fossil fuel sources has resulted in several studies exploring different raw material sources as feedstock, including many algae species, for large-scale production of biofuel. Algae are promising feedstock due to advantages such as its short growth cycle, high biomass production, and lipid content. However, there are still challenges to overcome in order to use algae for commercial biofuel production. One of these challenges is the requirement for a large quantity of water and nutrients needed for growing large quantities of the algae. This work explores a potential solution to this challenge by studying the possibility of using industrial wastewater to grow algae for biofuel production. However, many industrial wastewaters, including effluents from semiconductor processing plants, are known to contain heavy metals that are toxic to humans and the environment. In this work, the effects of four of such metals ions, As(V), As(III), Ga(III), and In(III) on Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus obliquus strains were studied. In particular, the heavy metal toxicity on the strains, effects on its growth rate, biomass yield, lipid content and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were studied. Also, the effect of controlling pH on growth rate, biomass yield, lipid content, and FAME was studied for Chlorella sorokiniana in the presence of Ga(III). The results of the study confirmed the toxicity of these metals on both strains. However, Ga(III) and In(III) had the highest effect, while As(V) showed the least toxicity to the strains, with Chlorella sorokiniana withstanding concentrations of As(V) as high as 140mg/L. The heavy metals were slightly more toxic to Scenedesmus obliquus compared to Chlorella sorokiniana. In addition, the heavy metals reduced the growth rate of both strains. High percent changes in growth rate (more than 50%) were seen in cultures containing Ga(III) and In(III). Furthermore, concentration measurements with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP) before, during, and at the end of the growth period, showed that Scenedesmus obliquus adsorbed higher amounts of the heavy metals compared to Chlorella sorokiniana. Microalgae biosorption of heavy metals limits its end use, hence making Scenedesmus obliquus a less favorable option for this study, but may be a better choice for wastewater treatment applications. The effects of the four metals on the lipid content and FAME profile of Chlorella sorokiniana were studied. The result showed an increase in Chlorella sorokiniana lipid content in the presence of In(III), but a decrease in the presence of As(V) and As(III). The heavy metals had effects on the strain’s FAME compositions. The fatty acid composition included C16:0, C16:1, C16:2, C16:3, C18:0, C18:1, ω-6, C18:2, ω-6, and C18:3, ω-3 accounting for more than 97% of the total FAME composition. Furthermore, controlling the pH of the culture in the presence of Ga(III) at 6.5 led to higher adsorption of the heavy metal, increase in lipid content, but no significant change in FAME composition.

This thesis focuses on the investigation of reef communities of the Saint Peter and Saint Paul´s Archipelago (SPSPA) across an euphotic/mesophotic depth gradient. Sampling was performed on shallow and mesophotic areas (0 to 90 m depth) using SCUBA and a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). The present work is composed of four chapters: Chapter 1 deals with the quantitative assessment of reef fish communities, which were divided in three distinct communities associated with different depth strata. Clear shifts in habitat use and in size-frequency distributions were recorded for some species. Abundance of black-corals and depth were the most important factors affecting the structure of fish communities, with a clear association of fish with branching black-corals in the mesophotic zone. Chapter 2 presents the first detailed qualitative assessment of benthic communities of the SPSPA. The influence of biotic and abiotic variables shaping the structure of the benthic communities was evaluated. A total of 77 benthic taxa belonging to six major functional groups were recorded. Macroalgae was the richest group (41 infrageneric taxa), with 17 new records for the SPSPA. Turf algae were the most abundant group on both shallow and mesophotic reefs. Two distinct communities were detected: a shallow one composed primarily by the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum (Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1861), the fleshy alga Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh, crustose coralline algae (CCA) and Bryopsis spp., and another deeper community dominated by CCA, bryozoans and scleractinian corals. Abiotic variables were the most important predictors of benthic community structure. Chapter 3 brings information on abundance, distribution size and associated fauna (epibionts) of black-corals. Although two species of black-corals, Tanacetipathes hirta (Gray, 1857) and T. thamnea (Warner, 1981), are known to occur in the SPSPA, they are undistinguishable underwater. Epibiosis, mainly by zoanthids and entanglement by fishing monofilament were important factors negatively affecting the health of black-coral colonies. Black-corals were intensively used as refuge by reef fish, especially by the endemic oblique butterflyfish Prognathodes obliquus (Chaetodontidae). A single black-coral colony repeatedly visited and monitored for ten years showed a decrease in vitality since the first observation, mainly related to fouling by algal detritus and entanglement by fishing monofilaments. Chapter 4 discusses the ecology (abundance, distribution and habitat preferences) of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata, a major predator on mesophotic zone of SPSPA. A total of 278 individuals of bearded fireworm were observed, with significant difference in abundance between euphotic and mesophotic zones. A direct association of H. carunculata with black-corals (Tanacetipathes spp.), the scleractinian Madracis decactis and depth was found. A final session with concluding remarks wraps up information on the ecology of Mesophotic Reef Ecosystems highlighting their possible importance for the stability and persistence of reef fish and benthic communities of the SPSPA, which are under threat of overfishing and climate change, thus requiring urgent protective measures. / O tema central desta tese é estudar a ecologia de comunidades recifais ao longo do gradiente de profundidade no Arquipélago São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP), com ênfase nos Ecossistemas Recifais Mesofóticos (ERMs). As amostragens foram realizadas da superfície até a zona mesofótica (0 a 90 m de profundidade), utilizando SCUBA e Veículos Submersíveis de Operação Remota (VSORs). Esta tese é composta por quatro capítulos. No Capítulo 1 foi realizado uma avaliação quantitativa das comunidades de peixes, as quais formaram três comunidades distintas associadas aos diferentes estratos de profundidade e ao uso de diferentes hábitats de acordo com mudanças ontogenéticas (tamanho do corpo). Corais-negros e profundidade foram os fatores mais importantes na estruturação das comunidades de peixes, com uso intenso dos corais-negros por peixes na zona mesofótica. O Capítulo 2 apresenta a primeira avaliação qualitativa das comunidades bentônicas do ASPSP, além de uma avaliação da influência de variáveis bióticas e abióticas na estruturação das comunidades. Foram registrados 77 táxons bentônicos pertencentes a seis grupos. Macroalgas foi o grupo mais rico (41 táxons), com 17 novos registros para o ASPSP. Algas formadoras de tufos (turf) constituíram o grupo mais abundante em ambos os ambientes, eufótico e mesofótico. Foram observadas duas comunidades distintas: uma superficial composta principalmente pelo zoantídeo Palythoa caribaeorum, a pela alga Caulerpa racemosa carnuda, algas calcárias incrustantes (CCA) e Bryopsis spp, e outra mais profunda dominada por CCA, briozoários e corais escleractíneos. As variáveis abióticas, particularmente profundidade e luz, foram mais importantes na estrutura da comunidade bentônica. O Capítulo 3 traz informações sobre a abundância, distribuição, tamanho e vitalidade de corais-negros. Duas espécies de corais-negros, Tanacetipathes hirta (Gray, 1857) e T. thamnea (Warner, 1981), foram identificadas. Epibiose por zoantídeos e estrangulamento por monofilamentos afetaram negativamente as colônias de coral negro, uma delas monitorada durante dez anos. Esta última apresentou uma diminuição da vitalidade devido principalmente à presença de algas e estrangulamento por monofilamento. Corais-negros formam um grupo-chave na zona mesofótica do ASPSP, sendo intensamente utilizados como hábitat por diversos peixes recifais, principalmente espécies endêmicas (e.g., o peixe-borboleta Prognathodes obliquus). O Capítulo 4 aborda a ecologia do principal predador de invertebrados bentônicos na zona mesofótica do ASPSP, o verme-de-fogo Hermodice carunculata, descrevendo sua abundância e distribuição batimétrica e discutindo seu potencial em impactar as comunidades bentônicas, especialmente os corais escleractínios e os corais-negros na zona mesofótica do ASPSP. Observou-se um total de 278 indivíduos, com diferença significativa na abundância entre as zonas eufótica e mesofótica. Foi encontrada uma associação direta entre H. carunculata e 1) corais-negros (Tanacetipathes spp), 2) o coral escleractíneo Madracis decactis e 3) profundidade. Sugere-se aqui que os ecossistemas mesofóticos são essenciais para a estabilidade para as comunidades recifais eufóticas do ASPSP, tornando urgente a necessidade de novos estudos, principalmente com foco no potencial impacto da pesca e mudanças climáticas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseACS.pdf: 1629824 bytes, checksum: 9ffe05e7af325db5e778585c64e4910a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-22 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The purpose of this work was to analyze the electrical activity (EMG) of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis longus (VLL) and vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO) in association with the evaluation of the maximum isometric torque (MIT) of the quadriceps muscle, during the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of knee extension in open kinetic chain (OKC) at 20o, 30o, 50o and 60o of knee flexion, also, pain and fatigue and the aspects in relation to patellae positioning: the sulcus angle (SA), the congruence angle (CA), patellar tilt angle (PTA) and lateral patellar displacement (LDP). Twenty four female subjects were evaluated (12 with patellofemoral pain syndrome PFPS and 12 clinically normal controls). For the EMG analysis simple surface differential active electrodes and a Signal Conditioner Module (MCS 1000-v2) were used. The electromyographic signal was quantified by the Root Mean Square (RMS), in µV, and normalized by the MVIC of 90o of knee extension. The subjects made 5 MVIC of knee extension, at 30o of flexion for the EMG and MMIT analysis and the NMRI with the quadriceps muscle relaxed were obtained at the same angles. The following statistic tests were used: ANOVA Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measurements for the EMG and MMIT analysis; the Mann-Whitney U test for the NMRI; and the One Way Analysis of Variance for the evaluation of intensity and discomfort from pain and fatigue (p ≤ 0.05). The results showed a higher electrical activity of the VLL muscle in relation to the VMO in the group with FPPS. The control group, the VMO and VLL did not present a significant difference in all studied angles. In both groups, VMO and VLL showed a higher electrical activity in comparison with VLO, in all angles. The MMIT values of the quadriceps did not differ among groups, however it did differ between angles. The highest MMIT value was 60o. The NMRI analysis revealed that the FPPS group presented higher values of SA and lower values of CA in relation to the Control group. The results showed an increase in pain and fatigue of the subjects with PFPS after the MVIC and in comparison with the Control group. The data of this study, on the experimental conditions, suggest that: a higher electrical activity of the VLL in addition with the increase in SA and decrease in CA in the subjects with PFPS can be factors favoring such individuals patellar instability. Pain and fatigue were greater in subjects with PFPS. The results showed that the EMG and the NMRI were instruments capable of differentiating the groups that were studied. / A proposta deste estudo foi analisar a atividade elétrica (EMG) dos músculos vasto medial oblíquo (VMO), vasto lateral longo (VLL) e vasto lateral oblíquo (VLO) associada à avaliação do torque isométrico máximo (TIM) do músculo quadríceps, durante contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) de extensão de joelho em cadeia cinética aberta (CCA) a 20o, 30o, 50o e 60o de flexão de joelho, juntamente com a análise da intensidade e desagradabilidade da dor e fadiga muscular; e os parâmetros de posicionamento da patela: Ângulo do Sulco (AS), Ângulo de Congruência (AC), Ângulo de Inclinação Patelar (AIP) e Deslizamento lateral da patela (DLP). Foram avaliadas 24 voluntárias, do sexo feminino, entre 18 e 34 anos (22,52 ± 3,94), sedentárias, que segundo critérios de inclusão e exclusão, avaliando os sinais e sintomas, foram classificas como sendo: 12 portadoras de Síndrome da Dor Femoropatelar, sintomáticas e as outras 12 consideradas clinicamente Normais. Para análise da EMG, foram utilizados eletrodos ativos diferenciais simples de superfície, com um ganho de 100 vezes e um Módulo Condicionador de Sinais (MCS 1000-v2), com ganho de 10 vezes. Os sinais eletromiográficos foram amostrados de forma sincrônica, analisados por meio do Root Mean Square RMS (µV) e normalizados pela CIVM extensão do joelho à 90 graus. Utilizou-se um dinamômetro isocinético para o registro do Torque Isométrico Máximo (TIM), um equipamento de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear por Imagem (RMNI) para verificar os posicionamentos da patela e uma escala visual analógica (EVA) para analise da dor e fadiga muscular, em mm. Os indivíduos realizaram 5 CIVM de extensão de joelho nos ângulos de 20o, 30o, 50o e 60o de flexão para análise da EMG e do TIM. A 30o de flexão de joelho, foram realizadas as RMNI com músculo relaxado. Foram utilizados os testes estatísticos: ANOVA - Análise de Variância de Medidas Repetidas para analisar a EMG e o TIM; o teste Mann-Whitney U para análise da RMNI e Análise de Variância One Way para avaliação da intensidade e desagradabilidade de dor e fadiga muscular (p ≤ 0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram maior atividade elétrica do músculo VLL em relação ao VMO, no grupo com SDFP, enquanto que no grupo Controle, os músculos VMO e VLL não apresentaram diferença significativa entre si, em todos os ângulos estudados. Em ambos os grupos, os músculos VMO e VLL apresentaram maior atividade elétrica que o VLO, em todos os ângulos. Não houve diferença significativa do TIM entre os 2 grupos, mas sim entre os ângulos e o maior valor do TIM foi a 60 graus. A análise da RMNI revelou que o grupo com SDFP apresentou maiores valores do AS e menores do AC em relação ao grupo Controle. Os resultados mostraram ainda um aumento da dor e da fadiga nos indivíduos com SDFP após as CIVM quando comparar ao grupo Controle. Os dados desta pesquisa, nas condições experimentais utilizadas, sugerem que: uma maior atividade elétrica do VLL juntamente com o aumento do AS e a diminuição do AC nos indivíduos com SDFP, poderiam ser considerados como fatores que predispõem a instabilidade patelar destes indivíduos. A dor e a fadiga foram maiores nos indivíduos com SDFP. Os resultados revelaram que tanto a EMG quanto a RMNI foram instrumentos capazes de diferenciar os grupos estudados.