Background: Depressive and anxiety disorders are common health problems, affecting women at least twice as often as men. Although some studies have been made on pregnant women or, especially, in the postpartum period, most of these studies have been performed on small samples, mainly specific risk groups such as teenage mothers, women of low socioeconomic status and certain ethnic groups. Also, there is a lack of studies on antenatal and postpartum depression and/or anxiety using diagnostic criteria adhering to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Aims and methods: The aims were to estimate the point prevalence of mood, anxiety and eating disorders, based on DSM-IV criteria, in an unselected population during the second trimester of pregnancy, and to assess the obstetric and neonatal outcome, as well as the health care consumption during pregnancy, delivery and the early postpartum period among women with a psychiatric disorder, compared to healthy subjects. Finally, we aimed to investigate depression and anxiety, and associated maternal characteristics and events through pregnancy and the postpartum period in the same group of women. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was used for assessment of psychiatric disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy and three to six months after delivery. From October 2nd, 2000, to October 1st, 2001 all women attending the second trimester routine ultrasound-screening at two different hospitals in northern Sweden (at Umeå University Hospital and at Sunderby Central Hospital) were approached for participation in the study. After delivery, data were extracted from the medical records of the mothers and their offspring to evaluate obstetric and neonatal outcome. Three to six months after delivery, the women who had an antenatal depression and/or anxiety were contacted for an assessment using the PRIME-MD. The same procedure was made in a control group, consisting of 500 women, randomly selected among those who did not have any psychiatric diagnosis according to the PRIME-MD investigation during the second trimester of pregnancy. Results and conclusions: Of the 1555 women in the study population, 220 (14.1%) had one or more PRIME-MD diagnoses. Living single, low socioeconomic status, smoking, multiparity and a body mass index of 30 or more were significantly associated with a psychiatric diagnosis in the second trimester of pregnancy. Women with antenatal depression and/or anxiety more often suffered from nausea and vomiting during pregnancy were more often on sick leave, and they visited their obstetrician more often than healthy subjects, specifically because of fear of childbirth and premature contractions. Also, they were more commonly delivered by elective caesarean section, had an increased use of epidural analgesia and reported a longer self-experienced duration of labor. Severe complications of pregnancy, delivery, and the early postpartum period were not affected by antenatal depression and/or anxiety. There was no significant difference in neonatal outcome depending on antenatal depressive or anxiety disorder. Fewer cases of depressive and/or anxiety disorders were prevalent postpartum, but there was a significant shift from a majority of sub-threshold diagnoses during pregnancy to full DSM-IV diagnoses during the postpartum period. Previous psychiatric disorder and living singly were significantly associated with both a new-onset and a postpartum continuation/recurrence of depression and/or anxiety. Postpartum continuation/recurrence of a psychiatric disorder was additionally associated with smoking, obesity, and adverse obstetric events.

Background: Maternal perinatal mental health has been shown to be associated with adverse consequences for the mother and the child. However, studies considering the effect of DSM-IV anxiety disorders beyond maternal self-perceived distress during pregnancy and its timing are lacking. Aims: To examine the role of maternal anxiety disorders with an onset before birth and self-perceived distress during pregnancy for unfavourable maternal, obstetric, neonatal and childhood outcomes. Study design: DSM-IV mental disorders and self-perceived distress of 992 mothers as well as obstetric, neonatal and childhood outcomes of their offspring were assessed in a cohort sampled from the community using the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Logistic regression analyses revealed associations (odds ratios) between maternal anxiety disorders and self-perceived distress during pregnancy with maternal depression after birth and a range of obstetric, neonatal and childhood psychopathological outcomes. Results: Lifetime maternal anxiety disorders were related to offspring anxiety disorders, but not to offspring externalizing disorders. Analyses focussing on maternal DSM-IV anxiety disorders before birth yielded associations with incident depression after birth. In addition, self-perceived distress during pregnancy was associated with maternal depression after birth, preterm delivery, caesarean section, separation anxiety disorder, ADHD, and conduct disorder in offspring. Conclusion: Findings confirm the transmission of anxiety disorders from mother to offspring. Apart from maternal anxiety, self-perceived distress during pregnancy also emerged as a putative risk factor for adverse outcomes. The finding that maternal anxiety disorders before birth yielded less consistent associations, suggests that self-perceived distress during pregnancy might be seen as a putative moderator/mediator in the familial transmission of anxiety.

<p>Up to two million women worldwide have obstetric fistula, a maternal morbidity prevalent in developing countries that causes uncontrollable leaking of urine and/or feces and a persistent bad odor. There is both theoretical and empirical evidence for psychopathology in patients presenting for fistula surgery, albeit with methodological limitations. The current studies sought to improve on past limitations of study design. Study A compared psychological symptoms and social support between fistula patients and a comparison group recruited from gynecology outpatient clinics. Measures included previously validated psychometric questionnaires, administered orally by data collectors. Results showed that compared to gynecology outpatients, fistula patients had significantly higher levels of depression, traumatic stress, somatic symptoms and avoidant coping, and had lower social support. Study B investigated changes in psychological symptoms, stigma and social support between the time of admission for fistula repair and 3 months after discharge from the hospital. At follow-up, fistula patients reported significant improvements in all study outcome variables. Exploratory analysis revealed that the extent of leaking was associated with depression and PTSD. These results indicate the potential benefit of mental health interventions for this population. Additionally, future research may clarify the relationship between residual leaking after fistula surgery, and its effect on post-surgery mental health outcomes.</p> / Dissertation

Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti šeimos gydytojų požiūrį į akušerinės – ginekologinės pagalbos paslaugas, teikiamas pirminėje sveikatos priežiūros grandyje. Uždaviniai. 1. Įvertinti šeimos gydytojų požiūrį į akušerinės – ginekologinės pagalbos organizavimo pokyčius. 2. Nustatyti šeimos gydytojų teikiamų akušerinės – ginekologinės pagalbos paslaugų apimtį pirminėje sveikatos priežiūros grandyje. 3. Nustatyti problemas, su kuriomis susiduria šeimos gydytojai, teikdami akušerinės – ginekologinės pagalbos paslaugas savo bendruomenės moterims. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimo objektas: Kauno mieste dirbančių šeimos gydytojų požiūris į jų teikiamas akušerinės – ginekologinės pagalbos paslaugas. Tyrimo metodai: Anoniminė anketinė šeimos gydytojų apklausa. Anketa išplatinta visiems Kauno miesto šeimos gydytojams (n = 220). Atsakas – 90,9 proc. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta SPSS – 13 programa. Rezultatai. Moterų piktybinių navikų prevencijos vykdymo ir moterų raštingumo lytinės higienos ir šeimos planavimo klausimais priskyrimą šeimos medicinos institucijai teigiamai vertino 96 proc. visų respondentų, nėščiųjų stebėsenos - 58 proc., ginekologinių paslaugų - 64 proc. Privačiose pirminės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose ( PSPĮ) dirbančių šeimos gydytojų teikiamų akušerinių – ginekologinių paslaugų apimtis (išskyrus klimakterinių simptomų diagnostiką) yra didesnė nei VŠĮ dirbančių šeimos gydytojų. Statistiškai reikšmingi skirtumai nustatyti teikiant šias paslaugas: tepinėlio iš gimdos kaklelio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study. To evaluate family physicians’ attitudes towards obstetric-gynecological services provided in primary health care settings. Objectives. 1. To evaluate family physicians’ attitudes towards changes in the organization of obstetric-gynecological servises. 2. To determine the extent of obstetric-gynecological services provided by family physicians in primary health care level. 3. To identify the problems family physicians encounter when providing obstetric-gynecological services . Methods. Anonymous questionnaire-based survey of family physicians was carried out in Kaunas city (n = 220). The response rate was 90.9%. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS v.13 software package. Results. The attribution of cancer prevention among women and women’s literacy in sexual hygiene- and family planning-related issues to the institution of family medicine was positively evaluated by 96% of respondents, the attribution of the monitoring of pregnant women – by 58% and the attribution of gynecological services – by 64% of respondents. The extent of obstetric-gynecological services (except for the diagnostics of menopausal symptoms) provided by family physicians working in private primary health care institutions (PHCI) exceeded that provided by family physicians working in public PHCI. Statistically significant differences were detected in the provision of the following services: cervical smear (a service provided by 82.2% of family physicians in private... [to full text]

<p>Background: The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is considered one of the most successful international efforts to protect, promote and support breastfeeding. The initiative has proven impact, increasing the likelihood of babies being exclusively breastfed for six months. Official designation as Baby Friendly requires careful assessment completed by a trained external team to confirm that the institution is truly carrying out all Ten Steps of successful breastfeeding and conforming to the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS).The implementation of these principles are however challenging for facilities as it requires &ldquo / strategic planning, implementation and maintaining change&rdquo / within the facilities. Aim: To assess the factors influencing the implementation of BFHI principles in non accredited MOU` s in the Metropole region of the Western Cape.</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol inst., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Lic.-avh. Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005.

Objetivos: Avaliar as alterações no Doppler da artéria oftálmica nas pacientes com pré-eclâmpsia, através do Peak Ratio da artéria oftálmica materna correlacionando os achados do Doppler com marcadores de gravidade e desfechos maternos e perinatais e relacionar as alterações na artéria oftálmica com os casos graves da doença. Método: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, incluindo 58 mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia, com feto único, entre 23 e 40 semanas de gestação, sem doenças oculares ou neurológicas, não tabagistas, sem uso de medicação anticonvulsivante outra que não seja MgSO4, atendidas no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, entre abril de 2014 e setembro de 2015. O Doppler da artéria oftálmica materna foi realizado pelo mesmo observador, com a paciente em decúbito dorsal, usando um ecógrafo PHILIPS HD15, com um transdutor linear eletrônico com frequência de 7 a 10 MHz, posicionado transversalmente sobre a pálpebra fechada, com o color Doppler insonando a artéria oftálmica após esta cruzar o nervo ótico, a 15 mm de distância do disco óptico. A equipe médica assistente não teve informação sobre o resultado do Doppler da artéria oftálmica. Os resultados da razão entre os picos de velocidade mesodiastólica /sistólica da artéria oftálmica (PR) foram classificados em três grupos: PR<0,78 (normal); PR de 0,78 a 0,98 (alterado); PR≥ 0,99 (muito alterado). Os desfechos primários avaliados foram: (1) desfechos maternos compostos adversos - comprometimento do SNC (eclâmpsia e síndrome de encefalopatia posterior reversível); síndrome HeLLP; picos hipertensivos maternos (PA sistólica ≥160 mmHg, e ou PA diastólica > 110mmHg); internação em UTI materna e morte materna - e (2) desfechos compostos perinatais adversos - peso fetal ao nascimento < percentil 10; acidemia fetal; Apgar no 5’ <7; internação em UTI neonatal de recém-nascido com peso >2500 gramas; nascimento pré-termo< 32 semanas; morte fetal e morte neonatal. Resultados: Quanto maiores os índices do PR, maior a incidência de desfechos maternos compostos adversos (p=0,004). Pacientes que apresentaram picos hipertensivos durante a internação, tiveram PR significativamente maior (p=0,004) . Desfechos compostos perinatais graves não mostraram associação com PR (p=0,73), porém no grupo de pacientes que apresentou PR muito alterado (≥0,99) a idade de interrupção da gestação foi mais precoce (p=0,008) e os recém-nascidos apresentaram mais baixo peso ao nascimento (p=0,013). Todas as pacientes do grupo com PR muito alterado (≥0,99) tiveram desfechos adversos. Conclusões: A avaliação Doppler da artéria oftálmica materna é um exame de realização simples, não invasivo, e útil, sendo que o PR da artéria oftálmica muito alterado (≥0,99) em gestante com pré-eclâmpsia, pode identificar pacientes com risco significativamente aumentado de desfechos maternos graves e interrupção precoce da gestação. / Objective: To evaluate the association of a Dopplervelocimetric measure of maternal ophthalmic artery - the Peak Ratio - with adverse pregnancy outcomes in preeclamptic women. Methods: Prospective cohort of 58 preeclamptic women were submitted to Doppler measures of ophthalmic artery (OA), performed by the same examinator, using equipment Philips HD15 with a linear transducer with color Doppler applied on the region medial to the optic nerve. The PR measures were classified as normal (PR<0.78), abnormal (PR 0.78-0.98) and highly abnormal (PR≥ 0.99). Assistant physicians were blinded to OA Doppler results. The two primary outcomes were(1) a composite of adverse maternal conditions - central nervous injury, as eclampsia or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; HeLLP syndrome; hypertensive crisis; maternal admission at intensive care unit or maternal death- and (2) a composite of adverse perinatal results – birthweight < 10th percentile for gestational age; neonatal acidemia; 5th minute Apgar score < 7; neonatal intensive care admission of babies weighing > 2500g; preterm birth <32 weeks; fetal or neonatal death. Results: The higher PR levels, the more incident were maternal adverse outcomes (p=0.004) as a composite, and hypertensive crisis after hospital admission (p=0.004) as a secondary end-point. Perinatal adverse outcomes were not associated with PR (p=0.73), but in the highly abnormal PR group (≥0.99), babies were born earlier (p=0.008) and weighing less (p=0.013). All women in the highly abnormal PR group (≥0.99) had an adverse outcome. Conclusions: Mesodiastolic/systolic velocity peak ratio of maternal ophthalmic artery ≥ 0.99 in preeclampsia can identify women at the highest risk of an adverse maternal outcomes and the pregnancies with the most preterm delivery.