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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Developments in the treatment and diagnosis of anxiety disorders

Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Gloster, Andrew T. 29 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Aus der Einleitung: A wide range of epidemiological community studies worldwide converge on several incontrovertible facts regarding anxiety disorders: they occur frequently, begin at an early age, significantly impair multiple areas of development and life, and are associated with numerous adverse correlates and consequences. Furthermore, evidence clearly points to the fact that the majority of patients who have anxiety disorders still go undetected and undertreated, despite considerable efforts over the last two decades to improve this situation. Less than half receive any treatment at all and only a fraction of those receive what can be considered even "minimally adequate treatment."
2

Anxiety disorders in mothers and their children: prospective longitudinal community study

Schreier, Andrea, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Höfler, Michael, Lieb, Roselind 15 August 2013 (has links) (PDF)
The relationship between DSM-IV anxiety disorders and their clinical characteristics in mothers and anxiety in offspring was examined in 933 mother-child pairs from a longitudinal community study. Offspring of mothers with an anxiety disorder had an elevated risk of developing any anxiety disorder, compared with offspring of mothers with no anxiety disorder. Increased risk of anxiety in the offspring was especially associated with maternal social phobia and generalised anxiety disorder, and with maternal diagnoses of early onset, greater number and more severe impairment. These results suggest that the type of maternal anxiety disorder and its severity of manifestation contribute to mother-offspring aggregation of anxiety.
3

Implikationen von Komorbidität bei Angsstörungen - Ein kritischer Überblick / Implications of Comorbidity in Anxiety Disorders - a Critical Review

Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Vossen, A. 02 July 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Der Beitrag diskutiert kritische theoretische und praktische Aspekte der Komorbidität auf der Grundlage von klinischen und epidemiologischen Befunden zur Komorbidität. Angststörungen weisen statistisch hochsignifikante Assoziationen untereinander sowie mit affektiven, psychotischen Störungen, Eβstörungen sowie Substanzstörungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen auf. Sie gehen zumeist eindeutig den komorbiden Störungen voraus, so daβ Angststörungen als Risikofaktoren für viele andere Formen psychischer Störungen angesehen werden können. Die möglicherweise kausalen pathogenetischen Mechanismen sind jedoch nach wie vor umstritten und sind offensichtlich vielfältig. Der Beitrag diskutiert vor diesem Hintergrund besonders die möglicherweise kritische Bedeutung von Panikattacken als zentraler «Vulnerabilitätsmarker» nicht nur für die Entwicklung von Angststörungen, sondern auch für affektive Erkrankungen. Hier konnte z.B. nachgewiesen werden, daβ initiale Panikattacken nicht nur die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Rückfälle sekundärer Depressionen erhöhen, sondern auch signifikant die Häufigkeit und Länge depressiver Phasen beeinflussen. Die Vielzahl differenzierter Befunde legt nahe, Komorbidität bei der Eingangs- und Verlaufsdiagnostik ebenso wie bei der Indikationsstellung umfassender zu berücksichtigen.
4

Developments in the treatment and diagnosis of anxiety disorders

Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Gloster, Andrew T. January 2009 (has links)
Aus der Einleitung: A wide range of epidemiological community studies worldwide converge on several incontrovertible facts regarding anxiety disorders: they occur frequently, begin at an early age, significantly impair multiple areas of development and life, and are associated with numerous adverse correlates and consequences. Furthermore, evidence clearly points to the fact that the majority of patients who have anxiety disorders still go undetected and undertreated, despite considerable efforts over the last two decades to improve this situation. Less than half receive any treatment at all and only a fraction of those receive what can be considered even "minimally adequate treatment."
5

Anxiety disorders in mothers and their children: prospective longitudinal community study

Schreier, Andrea, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Höfler, Michael, Lieb, Roselind January 2008 (has links)
The relationship between DSM-IV anxiety disorders and their clinical characteristics in mothers and anxiety in offspring was examined in 933 mother-child pairs from a longitudinal community study. Offspring of mothers with an anxiety disorder had an elevated risk of developing any anxiety disorder, compared with offspring of mothers with no anxiety disorder. Increased risk of anxiety in the offspring was especially associated with maternal social phobia and generalised anxiety disorder, and with maternal diagnoses of early onset, greater number and more severe impairment. These results suggest that the type of maternal anxiety disorder and its severity of manifestation contribute to mother-offspring aggregation of anxiety.
6

The Position of Anxiety Disorders in Structural Models of Mental Disorders

Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Beesdo, Katja, Gloster, Andrew T. 23 April 2013 (has links) (PDF)
„Comorbidity“ among mental disorders is commonly observed in both clinical and epidemiological samples. The robustness of this observation is rarely questioned; however, what is at issue is its meaning. Is comorbidity „noise“ – nuisance covariance that researchers should eliminate by seeking „pure“ cases for their studies – or a „signal“ – an indication that current diagnostic systems are lacking in parsimony and are not „carving nature at its joints?“ (Krueger, p. 921). With these words, Krueger started a discussion on the structure of mental disorders, which suggested that a 3-factor model of common mental disorders existed in the community. These common factors were labeled „anxious-misery,“ „fear“ (constituting facets of a higher-order internalizing factor), and „externalizing.“ Along with similar evidence from personality research and psychometric explorations and selective evidence from genetic and psychopharmacologic studies, Krueger suggested that this model might not only be phenotypically relevant, but might actually improve our understanding of core processes underlying psychopathology. Since then, this suggestion has become an influential, yet also controversial topic in the scientific community, and has received attention particularly in the context of the current revision process of the Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-V) and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). Focusing on anxiety disorders, this article critically discusses the methods and findings of this work, calls into question the model’s developmental stability and utility for clinical use and clinical research, and challenges the wide-ranging implications that have been linked to the findings of this type of exploration. This critical appraisal is intended to flag several significant concerns about the method. In particular, the concerns center around the tendency to attach wide-ranging implications (eg, in terms of clinical research, clinical practice, public health, diagnostic nomenclature) to the undoubtedly interesting statistical explorations.
7

Anxiety disorders before birth and self-perceived distress during pregnancy: Associations with maternal depression and obstetric, neonatal and early childhood outcomes

Martini, Julia, Knappe, Susanne, Beesdo-Baum, Katja, Lieb, Roselind, Wittchen , Hans-Ulrich 23 April 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Background: Maternal perinatal mental health has been shown to be associated with adverse consequences for the mother and the child. However, studies considering the effect of DSM-IV anxiety disorders beyond maternal self-perceived distress during pregnancy and its timing are lacking. Aims: To examine the role of maternal anxiety disorders with an onset before birth and self-perceived distress during pregnancy for unfavourable maternal, obstetric, neonatal and childhood outcomes. Study design: DSM-IV mental disorders and self-perceived distress of 992 mothers as well as obstetric, neonatal and childhood outcomes of their offspring were assessed in a cohort sampled from the community using the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Logistic regression analyses revealed associations (odds ratios) between maternal anxiety disorders and self-perceived distress during pregnancy with maternal depression after birth and a range of obstetric, neonatal and childhood psychopathological outcomes. Results: Lifetime maternal anxiety disorders were related to offspring anxiety disorders, but not to offspring externalizing disorders. Analyses focussing on maternal DSM-IV anxiety disorders before birth yielded associations with incident depression after birth. In addition, self-perceived distress during pregnancy was associated with maternal depression after birth, preterm delivery, caesarean section, separation anxiety disorder, ADHD, and conduct disorder in offspring. Conclusion: Findings confirm the transmission of anxiety disorders from mother to offspring. Apart from maternal anxiety, self-perceived distress during pregnancy also emerged as a putative risk factor for adverse outcomes. The finding that maternal anxiety disorders before birth yielded less consistent associations, suggests that self-perceived distress during pregnancy might be seen as a putative moderator/mediator in the familial transmission of anxiety.
8

Wie häufig nehmen Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene mit Angststörungen eine psychotherapeutische Behandlung in Anspruch? / How Frequent Is Psychotherapy Utilisation by Adolescents and Young Adults with Anxiety Disorders?

Runge, Anja Juliane, Beesdo, Katja, Lieb, Roselind, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich 29 November 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Hintergrund: Angststörungen gehören zu den häufigsten psychischen Störungen im Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter. Ein Großteil der Betroffenen bleibt meist unbehandelt. Informationen über die Behandlungswahrscheinlichkeit bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in Abhängigkeit von der Störungs- und Behandlungsart, Lebensalter, Geschlecht und Komorbidität liegen bisher nicht vor. Methode: In einer repräsentativen Stichprobe 14- bis 34-Jähriger aus dem Großraum München (Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Studie, N = 3021) werden die Prävalenz und Lebenszeitinzidenz von Angststörungen sowie ihre Behandlungsraten mittels M-CIDI erfasst und differenziert für Lebensalter, Komorbidität und Geschlecht präsentiert. Ergebnisse: 30% der Befragten berichteten mindestens eine Angststörung in ihrem Leben. Fast die Hälfte der Betroffenen (43%) suchte irgendeine Behandlung, ein Drittel (28%) suchte einen Psychotherapeuten auf. Für die meisten Angststörungen lagen hohe Quoten psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen vor (Range: 50–61%). Jugendliche berichteten seltener als Erwachsene irgendeine Behandlung, eine psychotherapeutische Behandlung, die Konsultation eines Psychiaters oder Hausarztes. Frauen nahmen häufiger eine Psychotherapie in Anspruch als Männer. Das Vorliegen einer komorbiden Angst- oder depressiven Störung erhöhte die Behandlungswahrscheinlichkeit. Diskussion: Verglichen mit europäischen Studien berichtete die Stichprobe relativ häufig eine Behandlung, auch eine psychotherapeutische. Dies kann eine Folge des großen Behandlungsangebotes in München sein. Dennoch bleibt der Großteil der jungen Betroffenen unbehandelt. Zur Prävention langfristiger Beeinträchtigungen sowie sekundärer psychischer Störungen sollte das Versorgungssystem verstärkt auf diese Bevölkerungsgruppe ausgerichtet werden. / Background: Anxiety disorders are among the most frequent mental disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Most of the affected individuals do not receive treatment. Information about treatment use among adolescents and young adults, differentiated for the kind of treatment and anxiety disorder, age, gender and co-morbidity, is still missing. Methods: In a representative sample of 14–34 year-old adolescents and young adults of the Munich area (Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology study, N = 3,021) prevalence and lifetime incidence of anxiety disorders and treatment use are assessed using the M-CIDI and will be presented for age, co-morbidity and gender. Results: 30% of all participants reported at least one lifetime diagnosis of an anxiety disorder. Almost half of those affected (43%) received some kind of treatment; one third (28%) received psychotherapy. Psychotherapy use was frequent in most anxiety disorders (range: 50–61%). Older individuals more frequently reported any treatment, psychotherapy, consultations with psychiatrists or general practitioners. Women used psychotherapy more often than men. Co-morbid anxiety or depressive disorders increased the probability of treatment use. Discussion: As compared to European estimations, we found relatively high rates of treatment use. This may be due to the many treatment possibilities in the Munich area. Nevertheless, most young people affected do not receive treatment. Considering the long-term effects of anxiety disorders and in order to prevent secondary disorders, efforts should be increased to reach these young individuals.
9

Der Langzeitverlauf unbehandelter Angststörungen: Wie häufig sind Spontanremissionen?

Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich 03 December 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Der Langzeitverlauf und die Häufigkeit sogenannter spontaner Remissionen wurde anhand von 77 Fallen mit einer Lifetime-Diagnose einer Angststörung untersucht. Die 77 Angstfälle wurden als Teil der Münchner Follow-up-Studie im Rahmen einer allgemeinen Bevölkerungsuntersuchung im Jahre 1974 identifiziert und wurden über einen Zeitraum von sieben Jahren (bis 1981) weiter untersucht. Die Diagnosen wurden einerseits durch ein standardisiertes diagnostisches Instrument (den DIS), andererseits über eine klinisch-psychiatrische Nachuntersuchung (1981) abgesichert. In Ergänzung hierzu wurde der Verlauf der psychopathologischen Symptome sowie die psychologische und psychosoziale Integration der Versuchspersonen beurteilt. Ergebnisse: Die Lebenszeit-Prävalenz, irgendeine Anststörung zu entwickeln, betrug 13,9%. Einfache und soziale Phobien wiesen eine Prävalenz von 8,0%, Agoraphobie von 5,7%, Zwangsstörungen von 2,0% und Panikstörungen von 2,4% auf. Die Inzidenz, d.h. das Auftreten neuer Fälle im Zeitraum zwischen der Erst- und Zweituntersuchung war niedrig, mit Ausnahme für Panikstörungen (1,2%, bei einer Gesamtprävalenz von 2,4%) und Agoraphobie (1,3% bei einer Gesamtprävalenz von 5,7%). Die Komorbidität war sowohl innerhalb der Angststörungen wie auch bezüglich anderer psychischer Störungen erhöht. 62% hatten mehr als eine Angstdiagnose, Major Depression und Abhängigkeit von Alkohol oder Medikamenten waren die häufigsten komorbiden Störungen, die in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl deutlich nach dem Beginn der Angststörung auftraten. Spontanremissionen wurden auf drei unterschiedlichen Ebenen definiert, von denen ein Kombinationsmaβ als Hauptergebnis interpretiert wurde. Danach war die symptomatische Remission in alien Angstgruppen niedrig, während die psychosoziale Remissionsrate ein günstigeres Bild mit Remissionsraten zwischen 28,6% für Panikstörung und 53,1% für einfache und soziale Phobien ergab. Das kombinierte spontane Remissionsmaβ ergab für keine der Zwangsstörungen, nur 14,3% der Panikstörungen, 19,2% der Agoraphobien und 18,8% der einfachen und sozialen Phobie eine voile Remission. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen, daβ Angststörungen zumeist in der Kindheit oder frühen Adoleszenz beginnen und dazu neigen, chronisch über den Groβteil des Lebens zu persistieren und nur selten zu remittieren.
10

Characterizing the association between parenting and adolescent social phobia

Knappe, Susanne, Beesdo-Baum, Katja, Fehm, Lydia, Lieb, Roselind, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich 13 August 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Objectives: For characterizing the association between parenting and offspring social phobia (SP), contrasting maternal vs. paternal contributions, putative predictors of unfavorable parenting behaviors and its specificity for SP are warranted to delineate targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Methods: A population-based sample of 1053 adolescents was followed-up using the M-CIDI. Parenting was assessed via questionnaire in offspring passing the high risk period for SP-onset. Natal complications and childhood serious health problems as assessed by maternal reports were hypothesized to relate to unfavorable parenting. Results: The pattern of maternal overprotection, paternal rejection and lower emotional warmth was associated with SP, but not with other offspring anxiety disorders. Natal complications were related to overprotection and lower emotional warmth; trend-level associations emerged for serious health problems and unfavorable parenting. Conclusions: Paternal behavior appears particularly relevant for SP. The pattern of maternal overprotection, paternal rejection and lower emotional warmth was observed in SP only, suggesting that its detailed assessment provides a promising opportunity for targeted prevention and intervention in SP.

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