A terceirização é uma forma flexível de emprego que tem sido largamente utilizada no contexto internacional e nacional, sendo que no Brasil essa prática passou a ser comum a partir de 1990. Segundo dados da literatura, a terceirização é responsável por gerar impactos negativos para os trabalhadores, principalmente em relação à sua saúde, e o estresse tem sido citado como o impacto mais recorrente. O estresse contribui para a manifestação de problemas físicos e psicológicos, para o empobrecimento da saúde e para o aumento do absenteísmo e diminuição da produtividade nas organizações, e pode ser causado por fatores do contexto de trabalho, chamados fatores de risco psicossocial. Mediante revisão de literatura, nota-se a escassez de pesquisas brasileiras que visam identificar os fatores de risco psicossocial no contexto da terceirização. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os fatores de risco psicossocial que podem interferir no estresse e na saúde de agentes de limpeza terceirizados e as estratégias que podem ser adotadas para a melhoria do trabalho terceirizado. Esta pesquisa consistiu em um estudo de caso de caráter exploratório, com utilização do método misto. Os dados foram coletados individualmente e os aspectos éticos envolvidos foram respeitados. Com os agentes de limpeza, foi realizada uma entrevista e aplicado o COPSOQ II e um questionário de dados sociodemográficos. Com os gestores da empresa terceirizada, foi realizada uma entrevista. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e de correlação, os dados qualitativos foram analisados por meio da análise temática e os resultados de ambas as análises foram integrados e sintetizados. Os fatores de risco psicossocial identificados foram agrupados nos seguintes temas: Organização do trabalho e conteúdo das tarefas, Relações sociais e liderança, Exigências no trabalho e Interface família-indivíduo. As sugestões de estratégias para melhoria do trabalho, fornecida pelos participantes, consistiram em estratégias primárias de nível organizacional e grupal. Foi possível estabelecer relações entre as características da terceirização, as características do serviço de limpeza, questões de gênero e os fatores de risco psicossocial. Entre as características da terceirização que podem levar à exposição a fatores de risco psicossocial, destacou-se a existência de dupla hierarquia e as singularidades do contrato de trabalho. Tais resultados indicam a relevância das particularidades do trabalho terceirizado para a exposição dos trabalhadores aos fatores de risco psicossocial. Mais estudos são necessários a fim de verificar e sistematizar a existência de relações entre as variáveis estudadas, e estruturar e testar programas de intervenção para a redução do estresse no ambiente de trabalho. / Outsourcing is a flexible form of employment that has been widely used in the international and national context, and this practice has become common since 1990 in Brazil. According to the literature data, outsourcing is responsible for gerenating negative impacts on workers, especially in relation to their health, and stress has been cited as the most recurrent impact. Stress contributes to physical and psychological problems manifestation, to health impoverishment and to absenteeism increase and productivity decrease in organizations, and can be caused by work context factors, called psychosocial risk factors. A literature review shows few Brazilian research aimed to identify the psychosocial risk factos in the outsourcing context. Thus, the objective of the present study was to identify the psychosocial risk factors that may interfere in stress and health of outsourced cleaning agents and the strategies that can be adopted to improve outsourced work. This research consisted on a exploratory case study using the mixed method. Data were collected individually and the ethical aspects involved were respected. An interview was conducted and COPSOQ II and a sociodemographic data questionnaire were applied with the cleaning agents. An interview was conducted with the outsourced company managers. Statistical descriptive and correlation analysis were performed, the qualitative data were analyzed through the thematic analysis and the results of both analysis were integrated and synthesized. The psychosocial risk factors identified were grouped into the following themes: Work organization and task content, Social relations and leadership, Work requirements and Family-work interface. Work improvement suggested strategies, provided by the participants, consisted of primary strategies at organizational and group level. It was possible to establish relationships between outsourcing characteristics, cleaning service characteristics, gender related factors and psychosocial risk factors. Among the characteristics of outsourcing that can lead to exposure to psychosocial risk factors, it was highlighted the existence of a double hierarchy and the singularities of the work contract. These results indicate the relevance of outsourced work particulatiries for workers exposure to psychosocial risk factors. More studies are needed to verify and systematize the existence of relationships between the studied variables and to structure and test intervention programs for stress reduction in the work environment.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-10-03T19:53:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jos¿ Aure¿lio de Oliveira Figueiredo.pdf: 2409986 bytes, checksum: 3e2cc1242953b1dfc081b1dbdde78de2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T19:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jos¿ Aure¿lio de Oliveira Figueiredo.pdf: 2409986 bytes, checksum: 3e2cc1242953b1dfc081b1dbdde78de2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Occupational stress is nowadays a recognized problem worldwide; Behavioral changes in society, inadequate lifestyle, work processes, advances professional exhaustion and provide increased occupational stress. The motoboys have as work environment the street, one place of several factors of risks for the physical and mental health. Objective: To cosntrue the factors associated with occupational stressors in motoboys. Methods: A cross - sectional epidemiological study was carried out with 95 motoboys from the city of Cajazeiras - PB. Data collection was performed through blood gathering and questionnaire completion, from February to May 2016. The data levy instrument contained questions on sociodemographic, lifestyle, health, labor and occupational stress data, assessed Through demand, control and social support at work Variables were described by means of absolute and relative frequencies, measures of central tendency (average) and dispersion (standard deviation). To test the normality of the quantitative variables, the Kolmogorov-Sminov test was performed. The Kruskal-Wallis or Mann Whitney tests were used to compare the means of the non-parametric variables and to the parametric variables ANOVA or t-student. The correlation test used was Sperman or Pearson, the hypothesis tests of proportion were Chi-square or Fisher's Exact. In all tests, the value of "p" less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: All motoboys were males, average age 37.1 ± 8.0 years. The working time as mototaxistas was of 9.4 + 4.6 years, being the daily monthly day of 5.3 + 2.2 hours / day. Almost half of those interviewed work at night (up to 24 hours). 50.5% do not take breaks during working hours, only limiting themselves to meal intervals. 66.3% have moderate necessity for recovery after work, however, 67.4% have a low labor capacity index. It was found that 72.6% had symptoms of insomnia. The majority (51.6%) had a high labor demand, followed by high control (54.7%) and low social support at work (61.1%). The highest proportion of motorcycle racers was classified as having low wear (28.4%), followed by active work (26.3%). There was no difference in the variables of lifestyle, health and work according to the occupational stressors and the demand-control model. We verified a higher proportion of motoboys with low labor demand, as well as passive work with higher glycemic levels. There was a positive correlation between labor demand and LDL (p <0.05). Conclusion: There was no association among the variables etudes and the occupational stressors. The mototaxistas presented high demand for work and social support, but on the other hand, high control at work. / Introdução: Atualmente o estresse ocupacional é um problema reconhecido mundialmente; as mudanças comportamentais da sociedade, estilo de vida inadequado, os processos de trabalho, promovem o esgotamento profissional e proporcionam o aumento do estresse ocupacional. Os mototaxistas tem como ambiente de trabalho a rua, local de diversos fatores de riscos para a saúde física e mental. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados aos estressores ocupacionais em mototaxistas. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico transversal, com 95 mototaxistas da cidade de Cajazeiras ¿ PB. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da coleta de sangue e preenchimento de questionários, no período de fevereiro a maio de 2016. O instrumento para coleta de dados continha perguntas sobre os dados sociodemográficos, estilo de vida, saúde, trabalho e estresse ocupacional, avaliado através da demanda, controle e apoio social no trabalho As variáveis foram descritas por meio de frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de tendência central (mediana) e de dispersão (desvio padrão). Para testar a normalidade das variáveis quantitativas foi realizado o teste Kolmogorov-Sminov. Para comparação das médias das variáveis não paramétricas realizou-se os testes Kruskal-Wallis ou Mann Whitney e para as variáveis paramétricas ANOVA ou t-student. O teste de correlação usado foi Sperman ou Pearson, os testes de hipótese de proporção foi o Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher. Em todos os testes foi considerado significante o valor de ¿p¿ menor que 0,05. Resultados: Todos os mototaxistas eram do sexo masculino, idade média de 37,1+8,0 anos. O tempo de trabalho como mototaxistas era de 9,4+4,6 anos, sendo a jornada mensal diária de 5,3+2,2 horas/dia. Quase metade dos entrevistados trabalha a noite (até as 24hs). 50,5% não fazem intervalos durante o horário de trabalho, limitando-se apenas aos intervalos das refeições. 66,3% tem moderada necessidade de recuperação após o trabalho, entretanto, 67,4% tem um índice de capacidade de trabalho baixo. Verificou-se que 72,6% apresentavam sintomas de insônia. A maioria (51,6%) tem alta demanda de trabalho, seguido de alto controle (54,7%) e baixo apoio social no trabalho (61,1%). A maior proporção dos mototaxistas foi classificada como tendo baixo desgaste (28,4%), seguido do trabalho ativo (26,3%). Não houve diferença nas variáveis de estilo de vida, saúde e trabalho segundo os estressores ocupacionais e o modelo demanda-controle. Verificamos uma maior proporção de mototaxistas com baixa demanda de trabalho, bem como com trabalho passivo com maiores níveis glicêmicos. Foi verificada uma correlação positiva entre demanda de trabalho e LDL (p<0,05). Conclusão: Não foi verificada associação das variáveis estudadas com os estressores ocupacionais. Os mototaxistas apresentaram elevada demanda de trabalho e apoio social, mas por outro lado, alto controle no trabalho.

As ideias desempenham um papel importante na forma como o sofrimento psíquico ou o mal-estar do stress são enfrentados. As razões e significações das avaliações podem favorecer o enfrentamento saudável do stress, como também reforçar estratégias de coping mal sucedidas. Uma comunidade pode enfrentar suas dificuldades, desmotivações e fracassos, por meio de representações sociais as quais, quase sempre, afetam a avaliação psicológica de cada indivíduo envolvido, visto que o epistêmico, o pessoal e o social formam um único fenômeno na relação eu-outro. As representações sociais como imagens, ideias e significações influentes no processo de avaliação pessoal do stress podem funcionar como estratégias de coping socialmente partilhadas, se amenizarem e/ou extinguirem o sofrimento. Mas, por outro lado, elas podem ser fonte de sofrimento psíquico quando influenciam os sujeitos a sustentarem aparentemente comportamentos, pensamentos e emoções, para estar de acordo com uma determinada representação social do grupo. Essa influencia depende do grau de rigidez moral exigido, do clima social partilhado e das disposições subjetivas de cada um. Por traz dessa situação, o sofrimento muitas vezes não dito, justificado ou camuflado por discursos dissociados da real situação física e psicológica, com erros de atribuição, em situações de fragilidade subjetiva e institucional, pode esconder e reforçar um ciclo de stress e/ou o consequente burnout. Por isso, foi oportuno pesquisar o discurso do sujeito coletivo de uma comunidade em relação aos significados atribuídos à exaustão emocional, à despersonalização e a baixa realização profissional presentes na síndrome de burnout. De modo especial, entre uma comunidade religiosa onde esses fenômenos parecem estar em evidência / The ideas play an important role in the way psychological distress or stress malaise are faced. The reasons and meanings of the appraisals can foster healthy coping with stress, as well as strengthen unsuccessful coping strategies. A community can face their difficulties, discouragement and failures through social representations which almost always affect the psychological evaluation of each individual involved. Because the epistemic, the personal and the social are a unique phenomenon in the relationship I-other. The social representations as images, ideas and influential meanings in the personal appraisal of stress process can function as socially shared coping strategies if they soften and / or extinguished suffering. But, they can be a source of psychological distress when they influence individuals to sustain \"apparently\" behavior, thoughts and emotions, to comply with a certain social representation of the group. This influence depends on the degree of moral rigidity required, the shared social climate and the subjective dispositions of each. Behind this situation, the suffering often \"unspoken\", justified or camouflaged by dissociated speeches of real physical and psychological situation, with attribution errors in situations of subjective and institutional fragility, can hide and reinforce a cycle of stress and / or subsequent burnout. So it is worth researching the collective discourse of a community in relation to the meanings attributed to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and the low professional fulfillment present in burnout syndrome. In particular among religious community where these phenomena seem to be in evidence

Poor interprofessional communication has been linked to decreased quality of patient care and increased numbers of medical errors. Increased occupational stress due to lack of effective interprofessional communication can lead to poor job satisfaction and burnout. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to interprofessional communication as perceived by radiologic technologists. In particular, how did demographic data influence these perceptions? The research was conducted during June of 2009. The population for this survey consisted of registered radiologic technologists employed at hospitals in Northeast Tennessee. A locally developed survey questionnaire covering the subject of interprofessional communication was distributed to a cluster sample directly involved in patient care. Participants indicated that interprofessional communication effects their occupational stress and job satisfaction in addition to the quality of patient care. This analysis revealed that radiographers experienced the most difficulty communicating with nurses.

The goal of this study was to extend the concept of safety climate into the aggression research domain. In order to address this goal I developed and validated the perceived workplace civility climate scale (PWCC), which assesses the extent to which employees perceive the importance an organization places upon managing and preventing acts of incivility and verbally aggressive actions in the workplace. The factor analytic results produced three factors: (1) Intolerance, (2) Response, and (3) Policies and Procedures. All dimensions demonstrated adequate reliability and correlated significantly to hypothesized stressors and strains. Lastly, correlation results (i.e., convergence) between self- and peer reports provided support that PWCC is a form of climate within organizations. Regression analyses indicated that the PWCC dimensions of intolerance and response are important predictors of individual and organizational strains.

This study examines the perceived causes of occupational stress amongst female Registered Nurses working in the clinical setting at both Calvary Public and Calvary Private Hospitals ACT Incorporated. A modified Gray-Toft, Anderson Nursing Stress Scale (1981) was used as the instrument for the research. The questionnaire was modified by the addition of six questions. The questionnaire was distributed to seventy female Registered Nurses. Twenty questionnaires were distributed to staff working within the Private Hospital and fifty to staff in the Public Hospital. Relevant data dating back to 1956 was examined regarding stress and burnout amongst nurses and allied health professionals. The results of this study, not surprisingly, supported the finding of Gray-Toft, Anderson. That is that nursing remains an inherently stressful occupation. Respondents working in both public and private hospitals indicated that Lack of Funding and Death and Dying were considered to be major sources of perceived stress. Registered Nurses working in the Public Hospital perceive higher levels of stress than do those Registered Nurses working within the Private Hospital with respect to relative staffing levels, workload and funding. Comparisons by age group indicated a generally higher reported level for the youngest age group. Comparison of full time versus part time staff indicated a significantly higher level of perceived stress from full time staff. Analysis of reported stress by ward type indicated that staff working in the "medical" groupings experienced higher perceived levels of stress than those working in the "surgical" groupings.

Stress management interventions (SMIs) are increasingly used by organisations across both private and public settings. Such interventions are employed with the expectation that they will be effective in reducing levels of stress in participants and in turn, will provide a return to the organisation by way of increased productivity through performance improvements of those employees whose stress has been reduced. Despite the increasing popularity of SMIs, there exists a lack of evidence on whether they have any effect on the performance of users, and on the relative effectiveness of the components that often make up SMIs. Although the literature addressing SMIs and their effects is increasing, relatively few studies directly compare different techniques, and even fewer employ randomised controlled designs or follow-up measures. The assumed relationship between the reduction of stress and improvement of managerial performance does not appear to have been tested with a randomised controlled trial. The term “stress” as used in this study specifically denotes the concept of “distress” as defined by Selye (1956; 1987). To support this use of the term, the evolution of current terminology in the field of occupational stress is briefly discussed with specific reference to the development and influence in the wider literature of the Yerkes Dodson Law (Yerkes, 1909). The aims of this thesis were to (1) compare the relative effectiveness of two component techniques often used in SMIs (somatic and cognitive techniques) in the reduction of stress, and (2) to examine the effect of the use of these techniques on the performance of managers in their workplace. Study One was a randomised controlled trial assessing the effect of the use of somatic and cognitive stress management interventions on stress and performance in managers. Participants were 112 corporate managers who were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups (somatic or cognitive technique training) or to a wait list control group. The intervention groups were trained in their respective techniques over a 4 week period in brief (20-30 minute) face-to-face workshop sessions. Participants were provided with recordings of the techniques to assist practice between training sessions. At baseline, stress was assessed using the Occupational Stress Inventory – Revised Edition (OSI-R, Osipow, 1998), and managerial performance was assessed with the Personal Qualities Competency from the Inventory of Management Competencies (IMC, Saville Holdsworth Ltd., 1993). In the case of the IMC, self, colleague, and subordinate assessments were used. On completion of the 4 week intervention, the OSI-R was readministered, and then at week 12 and week 24, follow-up assessments of stress and managerial performance took place. At the week 12 follow-up, MANOVA for the OSI-R showed no significant difference between the somatic and cognitive interventions in their effect on stress, although both interventions did reduce stress relative to the wait list control group, as measured by the OSI-R. A significant intervention effect was also shown (ηp2 = 0.089, p = 0.002) for the combined intervention groups (cognitive and somatic). MANOVA for the Personal Qualities Competency showed a significant intervention effect for the self (ηp2 = 0.077, p = 0.008) and colleague (ηp2 = 0.064, p = 0.013) assessments, and a no significant effect (ηp2 = 0.032, p = 0.063) for the subordinate assessment at the week 12 follow-up point. Unfortunately, withdrawal and attrition reduced the sample size below that required for analysis at the week 24 follow-up point. Study Two was designed as a follow-up qualitative study that aimed to gather information on participants’ perceptions of the effects of the interventions on their stress and performance, and of their reasons for completion or no completion of the SMI. In this study, 14 participants from Study One took part in semi-structured interviews after the final follow-up assessment (week 24) for that study. The interviews were structured to elicit responses concerning participants’ perceptions of the demands of their workplace and their stress, their experience of using the stress management techniques (including perceived benefits or behavioural changes from that use), their reasons for completion or no completion of the intervention, and their own definitions of stress. Several important findings emerged from this study. First, participants described their workplace as characterised by high pressure and demand with rapid change and a perceived lack of personal control. Second, participants who continued to use the techniques they had learned after the formal intervention was completed did so because they perceived personal benefits in terms of their ability to relax and in terms of their perceptions of workload and demand. For those who did not complete the intervention, the predominant reasons reported for no completion were workplace task demands, lack of top management commitment to an intervention of this nature, and lack of personal gain once the techniques had been learned. In relation to defining stress, participants did not have agreement, but rather reported definitions reflecting a multifaceted complex amalgam of physiological, psychological, and emotional aspects. Research such as this is important in terms of its contribution to the general field of occupational stress and its alleviation. It addresses a long-standing need to assess the relative effectiveness of some of the subcomponents commonly employed as part of more complex multifaceted approaches to SMIs, and the effect of the techniques on both stress and performance. This thesis makes several contributions to existing knowledge. First, this thesis clarifies the origin of the Yerkes Dodson Law and its relevance to current stress management thinking. In management texts distress has come to be regarded as too much stress or pressure. This is coupled with the idea that some stress has a positive impact on performance due to an earlier and erroneous interpretation of the Yerkes Dodson Law. Second, Study One provides evidence of the relative effectiveness of two different SMI components in the reduction of individuals’ occupational stress, as well as evidence for the effectiveness of individual focussed SMIs in the reduction of stress in corporate managers. Third, Study One provides evidence for a positive effect on managers’ performance consequent to their use of stress management techniques. This thesis also sheds light on managers’ definitions of stress, and their reasons for completion or no completion of SMIs. In summary, individual focussed (or secondary) SMIs have the potential to reduce stress and to improve performance in corporate managers as perceived by both the individual and others in the workplace.

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 200

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005.