Les grands groupes de l'industrie de la construction souhaitent intégrer le concept de prévention au sein de leurs organisations en recherchant des améliorations techniques et organisationnelles et en déployant des méthodes tantôt coercitives, tantôt participatives visant une maîtrise du facteur humain. L'objectif de cette industrie est de contrôler les risques inhérents aux chantiers dont il est possible de déterminer plusieurs classifications. Le point commun de ces dernières est leur finalité, c'est-à-dire établir une liste exhaustive d'un ensemble infini selon des critères variables. Après avoir analysé les différents facteurs influençant sur la genèse des risques dans un environnement aussi particulier qu'est celui des chantiers de bâtiment, nous proposons un modèle dynamique d'appréhension des risques et d'aide à la décision reposant sur la mobilisation de la TNI et de la théorie des représentations sociales. Plus spécifiquement, en considérant les propriétés des risques « émergents » actuels, nous nous interrogeons sur la pertinence des moyens mis en œuvre par l'organisation pour permettre leur intégration. / The major companies of the construction industry wish to integrate the concept of prevention within their organizations by seeking technical and organizational improvements and by implementing coercive or participatory methods whose goal is to deal with the human factor. This industry aims at controlling the risks inherent to the construction sites of which several classifications can be determined. Those classifications have in common their purpose, which is to draw up an exhaustive list from an infinite set according to variable criteria. After analyzing the different factors that influence the genesis of the risks in such a specific environment as the building sites, we propose a dynamic model for risk understanding and decision-making, based on the mobilization of the TNI and the Theory of social representations More specifically, considering the characteristics of the current emerging risks, we wonder about the relevance of the means implemented by the organization towards their integration.

Theoretical background Employment in the health service brings about a number of risks that are specific of respective health facilities and their departments. Nurses should be informed about all possible risks resulting from their nursing practice, as well as about ways to eliminate these risks because this is the only way they can protect themselves and by suitable means and procedures. Performing their work, nurses are exposed to four main areas of risk factors. These concern especially the effects of mental and physical strain, chemicals and biological factors. Objective of my thesis The objective was to test nurses' knowledge of risks and to test how well they can eliminate these risks. Apart from that, the thesis endeavours to find out whether the risks in nurses' work change in relation to the field of care provided. Hypotheses H1 Nurses know the risks resulting from their nursing practice. H2 Risks in nurses' work vary in relation to the field of care. H3 The most common risk occurring in nurses' occupation is the puncture wound caused by a needle. H 4 Nurses are acquainted with manners to eliminate risks resulting from the performance of their occupation. Methodology To test nurses' knowledge, I compiled a questionnaire focused on surveying the knowledge in the field of risks and elimination of these risks. The questionnaire was arranged in two basic groups. The first group was focused on the knowledge of risks and occurring injury in the performance of the occupation (the puncture wound by a needle). The other group was focused on the area of eliminating the risks. The research was carried out in medical facilities in the Region of South Bohemia. Altogether, 417 nurses were addressed. The following sections were chosen in a haphazard fashion: pulmonary, surgical, internal and a neurological departments, department of subsequent care and the intensive care unit. All the results obtained were statistically processed in the Excel programme from the Microsoft Office software packet. I used a graphic depiction to interpret the outcomes. Outcomes It was found out in the first area of the outcomes that nurses are acquainted with the risks of their occupation (knowledge of risk behaviour, when handling loads, when working with chemicals, when handling oxygen cylinders, treating an aggressive client). The second area of the outcomes was essential for establishing the ways to eliminate risks (the nurses proved knowledge of risks and duties, the duty to participate in creating a safe environment , compulsory preventive medical examinations, knowledge of risk behaviour, using personal protective equipment, observing the work principles and procedures, knowledge of treating contaminated laundry, oxygen cylinders and immobile clients, disinfection of hands, treating an aggressive client). The third area yielded an answer to the question whether puncture wounds caused by needles ranked among the most frequent risks in the occupation of the nurse. The last area was essential to establish the variability of risks depending on the field of care provided. It was found out, that risks varied in relation to the field of care provided, while the nurses viewed the mental and physical strain as the most significant risk in the performance of their work. H1 - Nurses know the risks resulting from their nursing practice - was confirmed, H2 - Risks in nurses' work vary in relation to the field of care provided - was confirmed, H3 - The most common risk occurring in nurses' occupation is the puncture wound by a needle - was confirmed, H4 - Nurses know ways to eliminate risks resulting from the performance of their occupation - was confirmed. Conclusion The outcomes of the research realized will be given to the managements of the above medical facilities, with the aim of increasing the nurses' knowledge of possible risks occurring in the performance of their work, as well as possible ways of eliminating these risks.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:29:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ranzani_c_me_bauru.pdf: 2094729 bytes, checksum: c210f6a979b7defe9f252348fef04a1c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Para que as organizações sejam competitivas e aumentem as chances de sobrevivência no mercado competitivo, é necessária a gestão do processo produtivo cada vez mais eficiente. Nesta gestão são utilizados sistemas focados em qualidade, meio ambiente, segurança e saúde no trabalho, entre outros. A integração desses sistemas otimizam recursos, processos e melhoram a imagem da organização, influenciando, assim, a lucratividade. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo formular diretrizes para o planejamento e implementação de sistema de gestão integrada em empresas da construção civil. Para a elaboração deste trabalho, foi adotada a pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, bibliográfica com a realização de dois estudos de caso sobre os elementos do sistema de gestão integrada de duas construtoras certificadas em ISO 9001, ISO 4001 e OHSAS 18001 fazendo com que o pesquisador, se ambiente ao universo de estudo. Um referencial teórico foi apresentado sobre as características do processo produtivo, sistema de gestão da qualidade, meio ambiente, saúde e segurança no trabalho e integração desses. Conclui-se que, o objetivo traçado, foi devidamente alcançado, pois foram apresentados os elementos do sistema de gestão integrada nas duas construtoras, sendo identificadas as boas práticas e pode-se propor, diretrizes para o planejamento e implamentação do sistema de gestão integrada em empresas da construção civil / To ensure that organizations are competitive and increase the changes of survival in competitive market, it is necessary to management of the productive process ever more efficiently. This management systems are used raised in quality, environment, health and safety at work, among others. The integration of these systems optimize resources, process, and improve the image of the organization, influencing, thus, the profitability. This dissertation has like objetctive, formulate guidelines for the planning and implementation of integrated management system in civil construction companies. For this work was adopted the qualitative research, exploratory, bibliographic with the achievement of two case studies about the elements of the integrated management system of two construction companies certifieds in ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and OHSAS 18001 making the researcher, environment the universe of study. A theoretical reference was presented about the characteristics of the production process, a system of quality management, environment, health and safety at work and integration of these. It concludes that, the outlined objective was duly achieved, because the elements of integrated management system were submitted in the two construction companies, being identified the good practices and could propose, guidelines for the planning and implementation of integrated management system in civil construction companies

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMSM.pdf: 3636856 bytes, checksum: 4728c6556c4d4a2445aa3f930a42c5b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-02 / Concepts, evolution and the importance of safety engineering are presented in this dissertation. The aspects that should be approached in the elaboration of the Conditions and Labor Environment Program for the Construction Industry are also considered, particularly the ones for activities that make falls from height possible. The difficulties of implementation of the program are analyzed, considering the characteristics of the Building Industry. Moreover, a case study carried out in the city of Londrina-PR is presented in order to find out the preventive measures against falls from height by building companies. Standards are presented for aid and parameters of safety design for collective protective equipment which approaches protection types, dimensions for calculations. Preventive measures against falls from height and forms of prevention are also presented. They consist basically in knowing the system and the construction process to be adopted by the company; evaluation of the risky and ergonomic situations in the activities of production in building plot; elaboration of collective preventive systems for the several production phases as well as the postoccupation phase; work training; specification of personal protective equipment for the production phases; documentation and evaluation of the safety system. / Esta dissertação apresenta conceitos, evolução e a importância da engenharia de segurança. São contemplados os aspectos que devem ser abordados na elaboração do Programa de Condições e Meio Ambiente de Trabalho na Indústria da Construção Civil (PCMAT), em específico para atividades com possibilidade de quedas de altura. São analisadas as dificuldades de implantação do programa dadas as características da indústria da construção civil no subsetor edificações. Apresenta-se, ainda, estudo de caso realizado na cidade de Londrina-PR com intuito de verificar as medidas de prevenção empregadas por empresas construtoras. São apresentadas normas para auxílio e parâmetros de projeto de segurança para equipamentos de proteção coletiva, abordando tipos de proteção, e dimensões recomendadas para cálculos. Apresentam-se, também, medidas de prevenção contra quedas de altura e formas de prevenção que consistem basicamente no seguinte: conhecimento do sistema e do processo de construção a serem adotados pela empresa construtora; avaliação das situações de riscos e ergonômicas nas atividades de produção em canteiro; elaboração de projeto de sistemas de prevenção coletivos para as diversas fases de produção assim como para a fase de pós-ocupação; treinamento da mão-de-obra direta e terceirizada; especificação de equipamentos de proteção individual para as etapas de produção; documentação e avaliação do sistema de segurança.

L'évolution de l'environnement du travail, de l'organisation du travail, et des modes de gestion des hommes, introduit de nouvelles pathologies de travail à côté des pathologies traditionnelles dites physiques : il s'agit de pathologies mentales. Ces dernières sont liées à des contraintes organisationnelles ou de marché comparativement aux pathologies traditionnelles rattachées aux conditions physiques et matérielles de la tâche. Dans ce contexte d'émergence de nouvelles formes de mal-être au travail, le concept de souffrance au travail, concept « fantôme » en sciences de gestion, apparaît pertinent car il interroge le fonctionnement organisationnel et le rôle de la gestion des ressources humaines. Cette recherche possède un double objectif : contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de la souffrance au travail par la production d'une définition claire de ce concept, et théoriser le lien entre souffrance et implication au travail en définissant de quelle manière ces construits s'influencent mutuellement. Notre recherche est animée par la question suivante : quelles relations existe-t-il entre souffrance et implication au travail ? Pour y répondre, nous nous appuyons sur la théorie de la conservation des ressources. Les résultats de la recherche montrent que la souffrance au travail naît d'une perte de ressources organisationnelles engendrant une érosion des ressources subjectives permettant à l'individu de se définir, et crée une forme d'implication au travail précise : le sur-engagement. Celui-ci trouve ses origines dans la souffrance au travail elle-même et est orienté par des expériences de travail négatives forçant des sentiments négatifs envers l'organisation. / The evolution of the work environment, work organization, and practices of human ressource management, introduces new pathologies work alongside the traditional pathologies so-called physical pathologies : there are mental pathologies. These are related to organizational or market constraints compared to traditional pathologies related to physical and material task's conditions. In this context of new forms of ill-being at work, the concept of suffering at work, "ghost" concept in management science, appears relevant because it queries the organizational functioning and the role of human resource management. This research has two objectives: contribute to a better understanding of suffering at work in producing a clear definition of this concept, and theorize the link between suffering at work and work commitment in defining how these constructs influence each other. Our research is motivated by the question : what relationship is there between suffering at work and work commitment ? To answer, we rely on conservation of resources theory. The results of this research show that suffering at work arises from a loss of organizational ressources causing an erosion of subjective resources that allow the individual to define himself, and creates a specific form of work commitment : the over-involvement. It is rooted in the suffering at work itself and it is guided by negative experiences of work forcing of negative feelings toward the organization.

The middle manager situation is sometimes squeezed between requirements from different parties at the same time as they are crucial for the development of the organization. Masters, chief engineers and managers in the catering department onboard are middle managers squeezed between the office requirements and the working conditions of their crew. The purpose of this study was to look into the middle managers conditions with focus on the work for good working environment onboard ships in the commercial shipping industry. A study was made consisting of two main parts, first a literature review and secondly focus group interviews. The literature review looked for findings about the middle managers work for occupational health and safety, which were mostly about industries and organisations ashore. These findings were tested in the focus groups in order to find out if they applied also for the commercial shipping industry and if there are any special things to consider there. The focus group members were of both genders, from different management positions and companies within the Swedish commercial shipping industry. So what recommendations can be made in order to improve the middle managers work for a good working environment or occupational health and safety (OHS)? Recommendations are given about competence, staff engagement, policies, shared leadership and administrative workload. Three findings are suggested for further research, shared leadership, administrative workload and client pressure. It is interesting that the type of shared leadership that are found onboard seems to be rather unique for the commercial shipping industry.

In diploma thesis describes structurally technical project of the object A9 of the apartment building Vila Park in Olomouc. The parts of the thesis are technical report of the construction-technological project, assessment of trasnport routes, design of site equipment and design of main machines. The thesis also deals with technological regulation of external thermal insulation composite and his control and test plan. There is also schedule and itemized budget. In the end of the work is safety and healt protection on the construction site and economic deployment evaluation lifting mechanism.

Master's thesis is deals with integrated system. In theoretic part is described quality management system, environmental management system and occupational health and safety management system, main attention paid to quality in supplies. Suggestion of solving consists in proposition of new process purchase - choice of supplier, classification of supplier and index for measuring of process purchase.

The aim of the thesis is to approach the issues of health and safety at work and work-related accidents in the construction industry. The theoretical part is devoted to the historical development of occupational health and safety in general, and consequently the development of inspection bodies operating in this area at present. Then there is also handled accident statistics for 2012. The practical part is a form of treatment for specific health and safety plan construction contract with a subsequent risk analysis.

Représentant 43% des décès rapportés au cours des dix dernières années, la mort subite due à un événement cardiaque est la cause de décès au travail la plus fréquente chez les pompiers américains. Des études démontrent que le risque d’événements cardiaques au travail chez les pompiers est accentué par deux causes principales, la première étant la présence d’une maladie coronarienne, d’une cardiomégalie/hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (HVG) ou de dommages occasionnés antérieurement par un infarctus du myocarde, la seconde étant l’importante contrainte cardiovasculaire subie au travail. Aucune étude n’a été réalisée pour évaluer l’état de santé cardiovasculaire des pompiers et pompières du Québec. Une telle étude permettrait d’en connaître davantage sur leur risque de maladies et d’événements cardiovasculaires. Par ailleurs, on constate que la prévalence des facteurs de risque des maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) est élevée chez les pompiers américains, ce qui corrèle avec le nombre élevé d’événements cardiaques au travail. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était donc de dresser un portrait de la santé cardiovasculaire des pompiers et pompières du Québec. Ensuite, dans le but de réduire le risque d’événements cardiaques au travail, il était pertinent d’étudier une stratégie de prévention des MCV chez les pompiers. Le risque de développer une maladie coronarienne ou une cardiomégalie/HVG pourrait être réduit en adoptant et maintenant de saines habitudes de vie, dont une pratique régulière d’activités physiques. Plusieurs services de sécurité incendie au Québec permettent aux pompiers de faire du conditionnement physique en caserne pendant les heures de travail. Cette pratique pourrait contribuer à augmenter leur quantité d’activités physiques hebdomadaire et à améliorer leur santé cardiovasculaire. Le deuxième objectif de cette thèse était donc de comparer la pratique d’activités physiques hebdomadaire et différents indicateurs de santé cardiovasculaire chez les pompiers qui font et ceux qui ne font pas de conditionnement physique pendant les heures de travail. Enfin, dans le but de réduire le risque d’événements cardiaques au travail, il semblait pertinent de s’intéresser à la prévention de la contrainte cardiovasculaire subie au travail chez les pompiers, considérant qu’elle agit comme « déclencheur ». Cette contrainte pourrait être réduite en évitant d’écourter les périodes de repos octroyées entre les phases de travail lors d’une intervention. Le troisième objectif de cette thèse était de comparer et de caractériser la contrainte cardiaque engendrée par deux interventions simulant les tâches du métier de pompiers, soit deux phases de travail identiques entrecoupées d’une période de récupération passive courte versus prolongée. Les résultats principaux de cette thèse montrent qu’une proportion importante de pompiers (Chapitre 2) et pompières (Chapitre 3) du Québec sont à risque moyen/élevé de MCV. Ils montrent aussi que les pompiers qui font du conditionnement physique pendant les heures de travail pratiquent plus d’activité physique par semaine et présentent de meilleurs indicateurs de santé cardiovasculaire que les pompiers qui n’en font pas (Chapitre 4). Finalement, les résultats montrent qu’une période de récupération passive d’une durée de 5 minutes entre deux phases de travail de 25 minutes lors d’une simulation d’intervention engendre une contrainte cardiaque largement plus importante qu’une période de 20 minutes et que cette différence semble être principalement redevable à une contrainte thermique et une déshydratation plus importantes (Chapitre 5). Ces projets de recherche ont été subventionnés par les Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé sous la forme d'une bourse d'étude de formation de doctorat. / Accounting for 43% of deaths reported in the past decade, sudden cardiac death is the most common cause of on-duty deaths among US firefighters. Studies show that the risk of on-duty cardiac events in firefighters is accentuated by two main causes: the first is the presence of coronary heart disease, cardiomegaly/left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and/or damage caused previously by a myocardial infarction, the second being the important cardiovascular strain suffered at work. No studies have been conducted to assess the cardiovascular health status of Québec firefighters. Such a study would allow us to know more about their risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and on-duty cardiac events. Futhermore, the prevalence of CVD risk factors was shown to be high among US firefighters, consistent with the high number of on-duty cardiac events. The first objective of this thesis was thus to assess the cardiovascular health profile of Québec male and female firefighters. Second, in order to reduce the risk of on-duty cardiac events, it was relevant to pore over the prevention of CVD in firefighters. The risk of developing coronary heart disease and/or cardiomegaly/LVH could be reduced by engaging in and maintaining healthy lifestyle behavior including regular physical activity. Several fire departments in Québec allow firefighters to do on-duty physical training in fire stations. This could help increase their weekly physical activity level and improve their cardiovascular health. The second objective of this thesis was to compare the weekly physical activity level and various cardiovascular health indicators in firefighters who physically train on duty in the fire station and those who do not. Lastly, in order to reduce the risk of on-duty cardiac events, it was also relevant to look at the prevention of cardiovascular strain suffered by firefighters, considering that it acts as a "trigger". This could be reduced by avoiding shortened recovery periods between periods of work during interventions. The third objective of this thesis was to compare and characterize the cardiac strain generated by two firefighting simulations consisting of two identical work bouts intercalated with a short vs. extended passive recovery period. iv The main results of this thesis show that a high proportion of Québec male and female firefighters are at moderate to high risk of CVD. They also show that firefighters who physically train on duty in fire stations have a higher weekly physical activity level and have better cardiovascular health indicators compared to firefighters who do not. Finally, the results show that a passive recovery period of 5 minutes between two 25-minute work bouts during a firefighting simulation results in a greater cardiac strain than a 20-minute recovery period and that this difference seems to be mainly due to a greater thermal strain and dehydration. These projects were funded by Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé in the form of a doctoral research scholarship.