published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / abstract / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

No description available.

No description available.

The main objectives of this research are (a) to investigate the thermal effect of double skin facades in office buildings in hot climates and (b) to propose guidelines for their efficient design based on this evaluation. The study involves the energy performance analysis of two buildings in India. A base case with the existing building skin was simulated for both the cities. The main source for the high cooling loads was found to be heat gain through windows and walls. This led to the evolution of a series of facade strategies with the goals of reducing heat gain, providing ventilation and day-lighting. The buildings were then simulated for their energy performance with the proposed double-skin strategies. Each of these strategies was varied according to the layers constituting the facade, the transparency of the facade and the orientation of the facade to which it is applied. Final comparisons of energy consumption were made between the proposed options and the base case to find the most efficient strategy and also the factors that affected this efficiency. The simulations were done using the building simulation software, Ener-Win. The double skin was simulated as per an approximate and simplistic calculation of the u-value, solar heat gain coefficient and transmissivity properties of the layers constituting the facade. The model relied on logically arrived at assumptions about the facade properties that were approximately within 10% range of measured values. Based on inferences drawn from these simulations, a set of design guidelines comprised of goals and parameters was generated for design of double-skin facades in hot climates typical to most of the Indian subcontinent. It was realized that the double-skin defined typically as a 'pair of glass skins separated by an air corridor' may not be an entirely energy efficient design strategy for hot climates. However, when used appropriately in combination with other materials, in the right orientation and with the right transparency, a double-layered facade turns out to be an energy efficient solution.

This thesis sets out to explain how spheres of responsibility or competences are assigned in the administration of government functions in order to assess the ways in which archivists can come to terms with increasingly rapid rates of administrative change in the performance of their work. It examines statutes and government publications to present a picture of the evolution of the competence of agencies of the government of Canada given responsibility for carrying out activities in administration of the function of agriculture. It is found that knowledge of the assignment of functional responsibility is essential to a number of archival tasks. It is vital to know all the bodies participating in carrying out the function when appraising records. A vital part of identifying the external structure of a fonds lies in determining the competence of the agencies creating records in it, and this knowledge must be effectively communicated in archival description. Finally, the concepts of function, competence, and activity, if clearly understood, can guide the development of vocabularies to assist users of archives to find loci of administrative action relevant to searches they are undertaking. Accumulating information about the functions, competences, and activities of organizations and keeping it current can serve many purposes in the administration of records during the entire life cycle. Organizations need this information to control and provide access to records for administrative purposes and to facilitate secondary access under freedom of information and privacy legislation or for historical research purposes. The method of analyzing how functional activity employed in this study can be used for all government organizations in Canada.

Using natural ventilation to provide ventilation and/or cooling in commercial buildings has a number of direct benefits to the environment, building occupants, building owners, and architects. Despite advances now occurring in design methods, major obstacles still need to be overcome before a wide spread adoption of natural ventilation technologies will be seen. Most importantly, simple tools that can be used by architects in the initial stages of design of naturally ventilated buildings are required. Existing natural ventilation design rules of thumb were identified from published literature and building codes and standards. A computer model, capable of simulating both naturally induced airflow rates and building thermal performance, was used to evaluate natural ventilation performance in terms of ability to avoid overheating and provide ventilation for indoor air quality. First the effect of changes to building design parameters on the natural ventilation performance of a base case office building were investigated. Secondly, the validity and limitations of existing rules of thumb were evaluated. The base case building was a three story cross ventilated office building surrounded by large local wind and solar obstructions, simulated with climate data for the cities of Vancouver and Toronto. It was found that the development of most of the existing rules of thumb has been based on incomplete research, and the conditions under which they can be applied are poorly defined. When the limitations of these rules of thumb were investigated, it was found that the original rules of thumb are generally not accurate for either the climates of Vancouver or Toronto. More accurate ranges of applicability were developed for each rule of thumb for each of the two climates. The relative influence of design parameters on reducing overheating and increasing ventilation rates for indoor air quality were also established, and can be used to provide guidance into how changes made to the building form and fabric can effect overheating and indoor air quality.

Tyrimo objektas 1260 raštvedybos vienažodžių ir sudėtinių terminai. Tiriama iš teisės aktų ir mokomųjų raštvedybos leidinių išrinktų terminų sandara ir kilmė. / The subject of reseach is 1260 terms of office-work field of modern Lithuanina. One-word and composite terms were picked out from standing legislations and reguliations and instructional editions of office-work. In this reseach work terms are discussed by their origin and structure.

No description available.

No description available.