BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend long-term treatment for opioid use disorder including the use of buprenorphine; however, little is known about patients in long-term treatment. OBJECTIVE: Examine the prevalence and patient characteristics associated with long-term treatment retention (≥1 year) in an Office Based Opioid Treatment (OBOT) program with buprenorphine. Study Design: This is a 12-year retrospective cohort study of adults on buprenorphine in OBOT in a large urban safety-net primary care practice. METHODS: The primary outcome was retention in OBOT for ≥1 continuous year. Patients who re-enrolled multiple times in the program contributed repeated observations. Potential predictors of ≥1 year retention assessed were: age, race/ethnicity, psychiatric diagnoses, hepatitis C, employment, prior buprenorphine, ever heroin use, current cocaine, benzodiazepine and alcohol use on enrollment. Factors associated with ≥1 year OBOT retention were identified using generalized estimating equation logistic regression models. The different reasons for clinic disengagement by retention status (i.e. ≥1 year vs. <1 year) were also described. RESULTS: OBOT treatment periods (n=1605) among 1237 patients were assessed. Almost half, 44.7% (717/1605), of all treatment periods were ≥1 year and a majority, 53.7% (664/1237), of patients had at least one ≥ 1 year period. In adjusted analyses, female gender (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.55, 95% CI [1.20, 2.00]) psychiatric diagnosis (AOR 1.75 [1.35, 2.27]) and age (AOR 1.19 per 10 year increase [1.05, 1.34]) were associated with greater odds of ≥1 year retention. Unemployment (AOR 0.72 [0.56, 0.92]), Hepatitis C (AOR 0.59 [0.45, 0.76]), black race/ethnicity (AOR 0.53 [0.36, 0.78]) and Hispanic race/ethnicity (AOR 0.66 [0.48, 0.92]), compared to white, were associated with lower odds of ≥1 year retention. Relapse to substance use appeared to be a less common reason for disengagement for the ≥1 year (23.3%) compared to the <1 year (40.1%) treatment periods. CONCLUSIONS: Over half of patients were successfully retained in Office Based Opioid Treatment with buprenorphine for ≥1 year. However, significant disparities in one-year treatment retention were seen, including poorer retention for patients who were younger, black, Hispanic, unemployed, or with hepatitis C. / 2018-11-09T00:00:00Z

Lighting research has produced a wealth of knowledge concerning the visual effects of workplace lighting, but little understanding of other behavioural consequences. One trend in current lighting practice is toward providing users with the opportunity to control their own workstation lighting, often through the use of supplementary task lighting. The general assumption is that personal control over lighting will lead to better performance and improved mood. The personal control literature in psychology is abundant and tends to support this belief. Environmental psychologists in particular have embraced the idea that the provision of choices in the physical environment will lead to desirable outcomes, such as feelings of self-efficacy or competence. The present study tested the notion that personal control over lighting has beneficial effects, using a modified 2 x 2 Control x Preference factorial design with an additional control group to test for the possibility of subject reactivity biases. The Preference variable was included to test the hypothesis that working under favoured conditions, regardless of one's ability to control them, beneficially affects performance and mood. The design incorporated measures of motivation and attention to attempt to distinguish between two competing mechanisms that might underlie the effects. Male and female undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of the five conditions in this laboratory experiment for a 2-hr session during which they completed a mood questionnaire and intellectual tasks including brain-teaser puzzles, a creativity task, an arithmetic task, and a grammar worksheet. The manipulation of Control as well as the manipulation of Preference (for the lighting at which one worked) affected ratings or perceived control. Subjects in the Control condition reported higher feelings of control than those in the No Control Condition; similarly, Preference Given subjects rated their perceptions of control more highly than Preference Denied subjects. Contrary to the conventional wisdom among environmental psychologists and designers, the results showed that choices in the physical environment are not always beneficial, at least where lighting is concerned. Control subjects performed more poorly on the intellectual tasks and more slowly on the creativity task than No Control subjects. The outcomes are discussed as differential effects of decisional versus cognitive control. Design applications of the personal control construct await further research. / Graduate

In the UK, boom periods of construction combined with typical building styles of the day, have resulted in a large stock of ageing office buildings at risk of structural vacancy and obsolescence. Despite their lack of insulation, high air infiltration, and solar gain, many such buildings from the 1960s-1970s are still in use today. Moreover, with UK buildings replaced at a rate of less than 2% a year, the majority of today's buildings will still be in use in 2050. Due to the impact of the facade on such aspects as thermal performance and aesthetics, façade retrofit is seen as a key solution to the problem of today’s ageing office building stock. Unfortunately, façade retrofit comes with a complex decision-making process. The cost and long-term nature of the investment means that façade decisions are strategic, while the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry is prototypical and multidisciplinary. Decision theory suggests the use of normative decision-making methods to arrive at a well-reasoned course of action; therefore, this thesis aims to discover how decision-making can be improved to support façade selection in non-domestic building retrofit. A state-of-the-art literature review of office building façade retrofit decision-making only returned nine case studies, of which six reported real-life façade retrofit selection. One real-life and one theoretical case demonstrated the use of normative decision-making in the form of the payback period method, while one theoretical case used multi-criteria analysis. Many sources of information were revealed as guiding the façade selection process in general. To examine the actuality of façade selection in practice, an exploratory study was conducted. This study involved (1) semi-structured interviews on the topic of façade selection with thirty UK AEC industry members from twelve professions, and (2) a case study of an over-clad 1970s office building, involving in-depth interviews with two UK AEC industry experts, a documentary evidence review, and post-retrofit thermography. Three semi-structured interviewees revealed the use of normative decision-making, in the form of the payback period method, while information sources were greatly used in general. The exploratory case, however, revealed only a minimal use of information and no normative decision-making. To determine the representativeness of the exploratory case study, an in-depth study of façade retrofit decision-making was conducted. This study involved (1) a specific literature review to set the context of UK university building façade retrofit decision-making and (2) four exemplifying case studies of real-life university building façade retrofit. The university estate features many ageing buildings from the 1960s-1970s that exhibit the same typical building style as the UK’s ageing office stock. The specific literature review found five cases of university façade retrofit decision-making, of which three reported real-life façade retrofit selection. Normative decision-making was revealed in theory, with the two theoretical cases of university façade retrofit using the payback period method. The exemplifying case studies involved eight UK AEC industry experts, a documentary evidence review, and post-retrofit thermography. The case buildings ranged from the late 1950s/early-1960s to the 1970s, with three being over-clad, and one over-clad and re-clad. The exemplifying case study findings support the exploratory case study findings. The key actors in façade retrofit decision-making are the architect, client, and planner. Numerous information sources are used to support the façade selection process, relating chiefly to performance, cost, aesthetics, and collaboration, and the use of normative decision-making is not evident. From the research findings, it appears the process of façade retrofit selection functions naturally within the realm of the architectural profession. Architects appear to be making initial façade design decisions based on ideas resulting from cognition and drawing on past experience, which become more detailed as the project progresses. The façade selection process is supported by the voluntary use of numerous information sources, many of which are quantitative in nature. This thesis did not find evidence of normative decision methods being used in the current practice of façade retrofit selection. Thus, the recommendations proffered are not characteristic of normative theory, but instead opt to support the façade retrofit selection process by reinforcing current process via the following points: (1) use expertise in the form of advisor-led information sources to guide the façade retrofit selection process; (2) maximise communication by encouraging an ongoing dialogue between AEC industry members involved in façade selection, involving specialist external bodies at an early stage, and documenting the façade selection process; and (3) aid the energy efficiency resulting from building retrofit by engaging stakeholders during design, construction, and in-use, especially in regards to proposed new energy efficiency practices. This thesis contributes to the knowledge of non-domestic façade retrofit decision-making in actual building design practice. Having found only limited evidence of normative decision-making being used in the non-domestic façade retrofit selection process, it appears that efforts to develop multi-criteria decision-making tools for use in this area may be misguided.

The aim of the thesis is to design dividing element into offices (Office Space) and the production of the scale 1 : 1, which should verify the correctness of the procedure in the design and sizing of the product in terms compliance of ergonomics and used materials. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the history of the storage elements and screens, current trends, ergonomics, safety, regulations and standards, and the impact of new materials and technologies that affect the formation of product design. The practical part deals with summary, a description of the different stages of the creative process, used materials and the description of the development of the final draft.

The thesis deals with a library for working with Office Open XML Files -- spreadsheet files --, with its analysis, suggested layout, and implementation. It includes a specification of a standard spreadsheet file and of ways of creating such files. Based on studied theory, a layout is suggested for a library for reading and recording data, and for implementation of such a library in the C# language, which offers interface suitable for working with this type of documents.

This diploma work deals with a product and service comparison of office suites accessible through a web browser. The author will also compare the advantages and disadvantages of using the desktop and on-line versions. The main benefit of this work is the introduction of cloud-based services and the research results, which could be used by managers of IT departments. This work should help on deciding the right solution in the sphere of cooperation and facilitation of work. Last but not least is the comparison of financial solutions.

xvi, 117 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Energy and environmental concerns warrant reconsideration of operable windows as a means of ventilating and cooling office environments. To design for optimal window use and performance, architects must understand human interaction with operable windows and the factors that influence occupant participation in their thermal environment. This thesis examines workers' personal control of operable windows in their office space through the lens of the following attributes: proximity, orientation, and accessibility to operable windows, office floor height, and the operational methods of windows. Three sites in the Minneapolis metro area were examined through site visits, informalinterviews, collection of physical traces, and a questionnaire. Research data reveal that proximity is the greatest determinant of window use. Other attributes have varying degrees of influence on use of windows. Surprisingly, workers valued operable windows significantly more for fresh air than for cooling. / Committee in Charge: Professor John Rowell, Chair; Professor Brook Muller; Professor G.Z. Brown

A produção arquitetônica de Rem Koolhaas e seu Office for Metropolitan Architecture pode ser considerada, sem o risco de se incorrer em exageros, uma das mais influentes do fim do século XX e início do século XXI. Figuras influentes da arquitetura contemporânea passaram por seu escritório e trabalharam sob sua tutela, diversas publicações dedicam edições inteiras às suas obras e seu reconhecimento internacional torna-se incontestável após ser laureado em 2000 com o prêmio Pritzker. Apesar do reconhecimento, o caminho que Koolhaas trilhou junto a seu escritório desde sua fundação, em 1972, até as primeiras obras concluídas e o reconhecimento da crítica especializada, em 1992, é relativamente desconhecido, com a maior parte do material disponível dispersado em periódicos diversos. Percebe-se também que publicações que analisam projetos do OMA tendem a abordar a obra através de seu valor simbólico ou sócio-econômico, com uma tendência a relacionar diretamente a biografia de Koolhaas e seus textos às formas produzidas. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo organizar, sistematizar e categorizar informações sobre as duas primeiras décadas de produção do OMA—1972 a 1992, coincidindo com o período abordado por Koolhaas em seu tomo S, M, L, XL. Através da análise formal dos projetos, com ênfase nos diferentes tipos de estrutura utilizados em projetos ao longo da carreira do OMA, pretende-se elucidar a transformação das estratégias projetuais do escritório e reiterar a presença da tradição moderna nos projetos de Koolhaas. / Rem Koolhaas and his Office for Metropolitan Architecture projects can be considered, without the risk of exaggeration, one of the most influential body of works of the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. Influential professionals in contemporary architecture worked at the office and learned from Koolhaas’s teachings, several magazines dedicate entire issues to his works, and his international recognition became indisputable after he was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 2000. Although Koolhaas and his office were internationally recognized, the path that led to this recognition-from its foundation in 1972 to its first works being built and subsequent success with specialized critics in 1992-is relatively unknown, with most of the available material being spread out among different magazines. It is also noteworthy that the critics who analyze Koolhaas’s work projects tend to approach the work through its symbolic or socio-economic value, with a tendency to directly relate the biography of Koolhaas and his texts to the forms of his designs. This dissertation aims to organize, systematize and categorize information on the first two decades of OMA’s production — from 1972 to 1992, coinciding with the period covered by Koolhaas in his book S, M, L, XL. Through a formal analysis of his works, focusing on the different types of structure utilized in projects throughout the years, this dissertation intends to clarify the office’s transformation of design strategies and reaffirm the continuation of the modern tradition present in Koolhaas’s work.

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