As construções em altura, desde as mais antigas civilizações até os dias de hoje, foram definidoras na constituição das cidades. Ao redor delas povos se uniram e passaram a viver em comunidade, como no caso de templos e castelos. A construção em altura indica, além da sagacidade do homem em buscar novas técnicas para a construção vertical, sua vontade em alcançar os céus e em construir algo que o represente. Hoje a torre já faz parte do universo das cidades, como solução para seu crescimento e ocupação. Se antes a sua relação com a cidade era mais simbólica, no mundo contemporâneo ela passou a fazer parte do cotidiano, nas atividades e relações pessoais, como uma continuação da dinâmica das cidades. Analisar a relação entre a torre e o espaço urbano e sua autonomia enquanto construção arquitetônica é o objetivo deste presente estudo, pautando-se pelas mudanças de paradigma que a arquitetura passou nas últimas décadas. Para tal estudo, apoiamos a abordagem em cidade de São Paulo, relacionando o seu crescimento e a mudança do seu centro de negócios com a arquitetura construída nestes locais. Utilizamos como recorte a Avenida Paulista entre as décadas de 1960 e 1980, onde num primeiro momento os edifícios foram construídos sob a luz da arquitetura moderna e depois podemos acompanhar a exploração da sua tectônica através do concreto armado. Num segundo momento elencamos os edifícios construídos na Marginal do Rio Pinheiros entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990, onde a globalização transformou o programa de atividades dos edifícios de escritório e a linguagem da arquitetura se mostrou mais internacionalizada. / Tall buildings, from the earliest civilizations to the present day, have defined the constitution of cities. Around them people got together and started to live together, as in the case of temples and castles. Tall buildings indicate, beyond the wit of man to seek new techniques for the vertical construction, their desire to reach for the sky and build something that represents him. Today the tower is already part of the universe of cities as a solution to their growth and occupation. If your prior relationship with the city was more symbolic, in the contemporary world it has become part of everyday life, activities and personal relationships, as a continuation of the dynamics of cities. Analyze the relationship between the tower and the urban space and its autonomy as architectural construction is the aim of the present study, guiding themselves by the paradigm shifts that architecture has passed through the last decades. For this study, we support the approach in São Paulo, relating its growth and change of its business center with architecture built on these places. We used as snip Paulista Avenue, between the 1960 and 1980, where at first the buildings were constructed in the light of modern architecture and then we can follow the exploration of its tectonic through the concrete. Secondly we choose buildings constructed on the Marginal Pinheiros River, between the 1980 and 1990, where globalization has transformed the activities program of the office buildings and the language of architecture showed to be more internationalized.

Corporations, design firms, technology, and furniture companies are rethinking the concept of the ‘workplace’ environment and built ‘office’ in an effort to respond to changing characteristics of the workplace. The following report presents a case study, post-occupancy assessment of an architecture firm’s relocation of their corporate headquarters in Dallas, TX. This ethnographic research transpired from September 2013 to February 2014 and included participant observation, employee interviews, and an office-wide employee survey. Applying a user-centered approach, this study sought to identify and understand: 1) the most and least effective design elements, 2) unanticipated user-generated (“un-designed”) elements, 3) how the workplace operates as an environment and system of design elements, and 4) opportunities for continued improvement of their work environment. This study found that HKS ODC successfully increased access to collaborative spaces by increasing the size (i.e. number of square feet, number of rooms), variety of styles (i.e. enclosed rooms, open work surfaces), and distribution of spaces throughout the office environment. An increase in reported public transit commuting from 6.5% at their previous location to 24% at HKS ODC compares to almost five times the national public transit average (5%) and fifteen times the rate of Texas workers (1.6%) and Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Metro Area (1.5%). This supports the real estate decision and design intent of the office that relocating near public transit would increase use (nearly six times that of reported use at 1919 McKinney, 6.5%). Additional findings and discussion relate to HKS ODC’s design enabling increased access to natural light and improved air quality, increased cross-sector collaboration, increased connection to downtown Dallas and engagement with the larger Dallas architectural community, as well as the open office environment encouraging education between all employee levels. Discrepancies between designed ‘flexibility’ and work away from the desk are explored along with the role of technology to facilitate work without replacing face-to-face interaction. This work also identifies key challenges with the design and employee experience and provides recommendations for addressing areas of concern for continued improvement of the workplace design. Continued user-centered research in the field of workplace design is necessary to assess the effect of current interventions in other office environments for comparison and inform future endeavors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:21:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Erika Ciconelli de Figueiredo.pdf: 19944207 bytes, checksum: a41457dbf4fa5d2e118844c77234cf6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-09 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / This work has as goal to study the resultant daylight from International Style buildings openings in São Paulo, in Avenida Paulista and Berrini axis, analyzing illuminance distribution. The approach was done from the solar geometry and glass types point of view. The use of daylight and natural ventilation in buildings has always been part of architects challenges, nevertheless with the beginning of energetic crises during the 1970s, these issues became more important. However the concern with energy saving and use of natural resources are not usually demonstrated in the finished building. As São Paulo has a subtropical climate, the biggest concern is to avoid buildings inner heat, and the typical solution is the use of solar control glasses to reduce costs with air conditioning. Nevertheless even high performance glasses block a substantial part of daylight, beyond the heat. The compensation for low interior luminousness is done by artificial means, increasing unnecessarily buildings use and maintenance costs. Buildings from São Paulo, Brazil, Berlin and Frankfurt, Germany, were studied with local measurement and with floor modeling in Relux Professional 2010. Daylight distribution characteristics of each building were identified with the purpose of delineating potential projects improvements, focusing São Paulo daylight availability throughout the year The analysis results showed that international style façades have limitations to increase the use of daylight since the whole shell has a single treatment. Both in German and Brazilian buildings the daylight distribution followed a trendline, indicating the need of using other means to obtain illuminance levels with fewer variations between room endings / Este trabalho tem por finalidade estudar a luz natural resultante dos vãos dos edifícios de Estilo Internacional da cidade de São Paulo, nos eixos da Avenida Paulista e Avenida Engenheiro Luís Carlos Berrini, analisando a distribuição da iluminância. A abordagem foi feita do ponto de vista da geometria da insolação e dos tipos de vidros. O uso da iluminação e ventilação natural em edifícios sempre fez parte dos desafios enfrentados por arquitetos; no entanto, com o início da crise energética, na década de 70, essas questões ganharam maior importância. Contudo, a preocupação com a economia de energia e o uso de recursos naturais nem sempre se traduzem na obra finalizada. Como São Paulo é uma cidade de clima subtropical, a preocupação maior acaba sendo evitar o aquecimento interno dos edifícios, e a solução mais comum é o uso de vidros de controle solar para redução de gastos com ar-condicionado. Mesmo em vidros de alto desempenho, há o bloqueio de parte considerável da luz natural, além do calor. A compensação para a baixa luminosidade no interior do edifício se faz por meio da iluminação artificial, o que eleva desnecessariamente o custo do uso e da manutenção do edifício. Foram estudados edifícios de escritórios das cidades de São Paulo, no Brasil, Berlim e Frankfurt am Main, na Alemanha, com medições in loco e por meio da modelagem de pavimentos no programa Relux Professional 2010. As caracterísitcas da distribuição da luz natural de cada edifício foram identificadas com o objetivo de delinear possíveis melhorias projetuais, tendo em vista a disponibilidade de luz natural em São Paulo o ano todo. Os resultados das análises mostraram que as fachadas de modelo internacional apresentam limitações para aumentar o uso da luz natural por terem uma única solução plástica em toda a sua extensão. Tanto nos edifícios brasileiros como nos alemães, a distribuição luminosa acompanhou a mesma linha de tendência, indicando a necessidade de utilizar outros meios para obter níveis de iluminâncias internas com variações menores entre os extremos dos ambientes

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:22:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosana Simprini Tateoka.pdf: 16106513 bytes, checksum: a8adde836f2932281512bfb36a341b54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-14 / The aim of this work is to present three study cases of big office buildings in the city of São Paulo built in the 21st century, between 2001 and 2012; show the main characteristics of its projects, such as the requirements made by investors, architectural solutions, building´s dimensions, building´s position on site, slab sizing, arrangement of pillars, ceiling height, location and spaces chosen to integrate the support core, coating surfaces, air conditioning and automation system, urban legislation, environmental certifications and structural challenges faced, besides making a brief view of the relation between the city of São Paulo and office buildings, its constructions and conception of how workplaces have been organized by enterprises. The first study case is the Infinity Tower Building constructed in 2012, designed by Aflalo & Gasperini office in partnership with the American office KPF. The second one is the Patio Victor Malzoni Building, constructed in 2011 and designed by Botti Rubin Arquitetos office and the third study case is the Comendador Yerchanik Kissajikian Building (CYK) constructed in 2003 and designed by KV&A architecture office. / Este trabalho tem a finalidade de apresentar três estudos de caso de edifícios corporativos de grande porte na cidade de São Paulo no século XXI, no período de 2001 a 2012, e revelar as principais características dos seus projetos, como: as solicitações dos investidores, as soluções dadas pelos arquitetos, o dimensionamento dos prédios, o seu posicionamento no terreno, o tamanho das lajes, a disposição dos pilares, o pé-direito, a localização e os ambientes contemplados no núcleo de apoio, o revestimento da envoltória, os sistemas de ar condicionado e automação, a legislação urbanística, as certificações ambientais obtidas e os desafios estruturais apresentados, além de fazer um breve contextualização da relação da cidade de São Paulo com os edifícios de escritórios, a sua produção e como os ambientes de trabalho estão sendo elaborados pelas empresas. O primeiro estudo é do Edifício Infinity Tower, construído em 2012 e projetado pelo escritório de arquitetura Aflalo & Gasperini em parceria com o escritório americano KPF, o segundo é do Edifício Pátio Victor Malzoni, construído em 2011 e projetado pelo escritório Botti Rubin Arquitetos e o terceiro é do Edifício Comendador Yerchanik Kissajikian (CYK), construído em 2003 e projetado pelo escritório KV&A arquitetura.

Texte remanié de : Dissertation : Kunstgeschichte : Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig : 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 398 - 418.

Property market forecasts play a crucial role in modern real estate valuation methodologies and, consequently, flawed forecasts can have adverse impacts on the accuracy of valuations. This thesis identifies property industry inconsistencies in the formulation and application of office rent forecasts adopted in discounted cash flow (DCF) studies used to assess the value of commercial properties and the viability of proposed projects. Existing research on commercial property cycles and office property market modelling is examined in order to identify the dominant market drivers adopted by researchers. Forecasting techniques are also explored towards specifying space and rent models for the Brisbane CBD office market using the perceived dominant drivers as explanatory variables. Surveys of property valuers and developers are undertaken to underpin the selection of these variables. The implications of varying rent forecasts applied in DCF based valuation assessments are tested through the use of a case study involving four Brisbane office buildings. Innovative research is conducted through adopting geographic information system supported land use and historical valuation studies to delineate market precincts within the Brisbane CBD. The rent model is then re-estimated using precinct based office rent data to allow the generation of forecasts for the individual precincts. Out-of-sample accuracy test results for the precinct forecasts are compared with the results produced by the model specified using whole-of-city data. The literature reviews, surveys and model testing determine a relatively consistent range of dominant explanatory variables applicable to office markets. The case study, in a local context, confirms that varying forecasts do have a significant impact on property valuations. Tests of the forecast results generated by the Brisbane CBD model provide some evidence that more plausible office rent forecasts stem from the use of market models as compared with solely applying professional judgement based forecasts. Subject to data availability limitations, the precinct based rent model is found to produce rent forecasts superior to those generated by the whole-of-city model. Finally, the thesis makes a range of industry recommendations towards enhancing forecasts and recommendations are also made for potential future research projects.

The energy used in non-domestic buildings accounts for 18 % of the energy use in the UK. Within the non-domestic building stock, 11 % of office buildings have a very high influence on the energy use. Thus, the retrofit of office buildings has a significant potential for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions reduction within the non-domestic building stock. However, the replacement rate of existing buildings by new-build is only around 1-3 % per annum. Post-war office buildings, (built between 1945 and 1985) represent a promising sector for retrofit and energy demand reduction. They have disproportionately high energy consumption because many were built before the building regulations addressed thermal performance. The aim of the research is to evaluate the retrofit strategies for post-war office buildings accounting for the improved energy efficiency, thermal comfort and hence, productivity, capital and the running costs. The research seeks to provide the optimal generic retrofit strategies and illustrate sophisticated methods which will be the basis for guidelines about post-war office building retrofit. For this, multiple combinations of heating and cooling retrofit measures were applied to representative models (Exemplar) of post-war office buildings using dynamic thermal simulation modelling. The retrofit strategies include; applying envelope retrofit to UK Building Regulations Part L2B and The Passivhaus Institue EnerPHit standards for heating demand reduction and winter comfort. Passive cooling interventions such as shading devices and night ventilation and active cooling intervention such as mixed-mode ventilation were applied to overcome summer overheating. All retrofit combinations were evaluated considering future climate, inner and outer city locations and different orientations. In summary, the results showed that under current weather conditions Part L2B standard retrofit with passive cooling provided the optimum solution. In 2050, however, both Part L2B retrofit naturally ventilated cases with the passive cooling measures and EnerPHit retrofit mixed-mode ventilation cases provide the requisite thermal comfort and result in a similar range of energy consumption. It was concluded that to create generic retrofit solutions which could be applied to a given typology within the building stock is possible. The methodology and the Exemplar model could be used in future projects by decision-makers and the findings and analysis of the simulations could be taken as guidance for the widespread retrofit of post-war office buildings.

Since the oil energy crisis of the seventies until the Brazilian 2001 blackout, energy savings became an important issue in Brazil and the building industry has been identified as a sector where substantial savings may occur. In commercial buildings the energy consumption is strongly related to air conditioning systems. Facing this context, the present work intends to evaluate the impact of using solar shading devices in the energy consumption performance of medium size typical office buildings located in Maceió city, Brazil. In low latitude regions, solar radiation represents an important parcel of buildings total heat gain. The evaluation was carried out through a parametric investigation where the effect of facades orientation and typology in the energy consumption, as well as the effect of plan typology regarding the location of corridor (central or lateral). Computer simulations of models representing the combinations for parameters above mentioned were carried out using the Energyplus software in order to estimate the energy consumption of each model. The simulations have shown the energy consumption for the considered models, allowing for the estimation of the impact magnitude regarding each of the different examined parameters. When solar shading devices were added to facades built in masonry with exposed windows the energy savings related to air conditioning systems was 18.7%, while for curtain wall facades it reached 39.2%. Results lead to the conclusion that the use of solar shading devices represents a relevant design strategy for energy savings in office buildings located in Maceió. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Desde a crise do petróleo nos anos de 1970 até o colapso energético de 2001 a conservação de energia passou a ser alvo de discussões no Brasil e o setor da construção civil foi identificado como um campo de grande potencial de combate ao desperdício energético. Nas edificações comerciais o consumo energético está fortemente relacionado aos sistemas artificiais de geração de conforto ambiental como os sistemas artificiais de condicionamento térmico, por exemplo. Diante deste contexto, o presente trabalho avalia o impacto decorrente da utilização dos dispositivos de proteção solar para o desempenho energético de edificações que representam as características típicas dos edifícios de escritórios de médio porte localizados na cidade de Maceió/AL. Sabe-se que nestas regiões, de baixa latitude, a radiação solar representa uma parcela significativa no calor total que atinge as edificações. Para tal, adotouse uma metodologia de análises paramétricas nas quais foi comparado o desempenho energético das edificações sob diversas condições de orientação geográfica, tipologia de fechamento de fachada e localização do corredor de circulação horizontal (central e lateral). Os índices de consumo energético foram obtidos a partir de simulações com modelos computacionais utilizando o software Energyplus. As simulações realizadas permitiram quantificar e classificar o desempenho energético das edificações, sob as diversas características construtivas estudadas. A inclusão dos dispositivos de proteção solar representou, em alguns casos, para os sistemas artificiais de condicionamento térmico, economia energética anual de 18,7% no comparativo com as edificações com fachada em alvenaria e janela exposta e, 39,2% no comparativo com edificação com fechamento de fachada em pele de vidro. Desta forma conclui-se que a utilização dos dispositivos de proteção solar apresenta-se como uma alternativa de adequação climática e de redução de consumo energético bastante eficiente para edificações localizadas na cidade de Maceió.

As construções em altura, desde as mais antigas civilizações até os dias de hoje, foram definidoras na constituição das cidades. Ao redor delas povos se uniram e passaram a viver em comunidade, como no caso de templos e castelos. A construção em altura indica, além da sagacidade do homem em buscar novas técnicas para a construção vertical, sua vontade em alcançar os céus e em construir algo que o represente. Hoje a torre já faz parte do universo das cidades, como solução para seu crescimento e ocupação. Se antes a sua relação com a cidade era mais simbólica, no mundo contemporâneo ela passou a fazer parte do cotidiano, nas atividades e relações pessoais, como uma continuação da dinâmica das cidades. Analisar a relação entre a torre e o espaço urbano e sua autonomia enquanto construção arquitetônica é o objetivo deste presente estudo, pautando-se pelas mudanças de paradigma que a arquitetura passou nas últimas décadas. Para tal estudo, apoiamos a abordagem em cidade de São Paulo, relacionando o seu crescimento e a mudança do seu centro de negócios com a arquitetura construída nestes locais. Utilizamos como recorte a Avenida Paulista entre as décadas de 1960 e 1980, onde num primeiro momento os edifícios foram construídos sob a luz da arquitetura moderna e depois podemos acompanhar a exploração da sua tectônica através do concreto armado. Num segundo momento elencamos os edifícios construídos na Marginal do Rio Pinheiros entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990, onde a globalização transformou o programa de atividades dos edifícios de escritório e a linguagem da arquitetura se mostrou mais internacionalizada. / Tall buildings, from the earliest civilizations to the present day, have defined the constitution of cities. Around them people got together and started to live together, as in the case of temples and castles. Tall buildings indicate, beyond the wit of man to seek new techniques for the vertical construction, their desire to reach for the sky and build something that represents him. Today the tower is already part of the universe of cities as a solution to their growth and occupation. If your prior relationship with the city was more symbolic, in the contemporary world it has become part of everyday life, activities and personal relationships, as a continuation of the dynamics of cities. Analyze the relationship between the tower and the urban space and its autonomy as architectural construction is the aim of the present study, guiding themselves by the paradigm shifts that architecture has passed through the last decades. For this study, we support the approach in São Paulo, relating its growth and change of its business center with architecture built on these places. We used as snip Paulista Avenue, between the 1960 and 1980, where at first the buildings were constructed in the light of modern architecture and then we can follow the exploration of its tectonic through the concrete. Secondly we choose buildings constructed on the Marginal Pinheiros River, between the 1980 and 1990, where globalization has transformed the activities program of the office buildings and the language of architecture showed to be more internationalized.

This thesis deals with the most dynamically evolving Prague district Karlin. In the context of the theory of Marc Augé about non-places, it primarily addresses the transformation of Karlin after the floods in 2002 and its consequences. For easier orientation in this area it is at first outlined the theory of Marc Augé and the history of Karlin. It is followed by the practical part, which refers to the production of non- places. Against the backdrop of the industrial heritage it refers to the conversion of industrial buildings and the creation of new administrative centers that show signs of non-places. Construction of new office centers started the process of new development of Karlin. The nature of this process and the direction Karlin is moving , is presented with concrete examples. I note in particular the changes in the structure of newly opened businesses - shops and catering facilities . In the last part of the thesis I mention the typical expression of non-place in Karlin - the underground and its surroundings. The aim is to point out that the conversion of Karlin relates to the production of non- places. Keywords : conversion, industrial buildings, Karlin, Marc Augé, non-places, office buildings, office centers, underground.