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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Empirical Study of the Impact of Green Certification on the Rental Income : Do Green Certifications Add Value to Office Buildings? / Empirisk Studie om hur Hyresnivån Påverkas avMiljöcertifieringar : Tillför miljöcertifieringar ett högre värde förkontorsfastigheter?

Köhler, Alexander, Rydholm, Johan January 2021 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not green certificates have an impact on income-generating commercial buildings' rent compared to similar non-certified commercial buildings. In addition, evaluate if there exists a variation in the rent premium between the different certifications and if the rental premium increases with the distance from city center. To answer the research questions a quantitative approach with hedonic pricing regressions has been conducted. For the purpose of this study, three types of hedonic regressions models have been estimated. To capture the effect of green certificates, the models have controlled for structural, locational and, quality attributes of the buildings. The first model examinedwhether certified office buildings archive a rent premium compared to non-certified buildings. The second model separated the label into indicator variables to capture the effect of each individual label. Lastly, the third model analyzed the progressive effect of the interaction between distance and certification. This study uses a dataset of rent observations for office buildings from four major Swedish cities – Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö and Uppsala – in order to analyze the rent premium of green certifications. The result of this study indicates that there exists a premium of 4,9 to 5,4 percent for certified buildings. When investigating each certification label the results indicate a rental premium of 10 percent forBREEAM, 5,1 percent for LEED, and 4,4 percent for Miljöbyggnad. Lastly, the finding suggests an incremental premium for certified buildings located farther away from the city center. This study contributes to the rising literature on the topic of green office buildings, as it is the first study to investigate the rental impact of green certification on the Swedish market. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om miljöcertifieringar har en hyrespåverkan på kontorsbyggnader, i jämförelse med liknande icke-certifierade kontorsbyggnader. Vidare,undersöka om hyrespremien skiljer sig mellan de olika miljöcertifieringarna samt om hyrespremien ökar med avståndet från citykärnan. För att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna har regressionsanalyser genomförts, bestående av tre olika modeller. Modellerna kontrollerar för strukturella, lägesspecifika och kvalitativa attribut. Den första modellen undersöker huruvida certifierade byggnader erhåller en högre hyra i jämförelse med icke-certifierade byggnader. Den andra modellen separerar de olika typerna av miljöcertifieringar för att undersöka vilken certifiering som bidrar med högst hyrespremie. Slutligen, den tredje modellen analyserar den stegvisa effekten av interaktionen mellan avstånd och certifiering. Datasetet som studien baseras på består av hyreskontrakt från de fyra största städerna iSverige – Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö och Uppsala. Resultaten påvisar att det existerar en hyrespremie för certifierade byggnader på 4,9 till 5,4 procent. Premien skiljer sig beroende på vilken certifiering byggnader har, resultaten påvisar en hyrespremie på 10 procent för BREEAM, 5,1 procent för LEED och 4,4 procent för Miljöbyggnad. Resultaten visar även att det finns en stegvis hyrespremie för certifierade byggnader som är belägna längre bort från stadens centrum. Avslutningsvis, denna studie bidrar till den befintliga litteraturen gällande gröna byggnader, då det är den första studien i Sverige som undersöker förhållandet mellan hyresnivå och miljöcertifieringar.
192

Urban microcosm

Kalinsky, Ray January 1990 (has links)
Over the course of time, the built environment has been a manifestation of human ideals and aspirations. Although these ideals, diverse and varied in each case, are only present in a small few of the buildings that are actually constructed, it ls my belief that they are the givers of meaning and identity to human culture and history. ln this thesis, l have created, at least on an embryonic level, an expression of my vision and dream of the coming together of human, urban life and nature. / Master of Architecture
193

Unbuilding architecture: a non-normative exploration

McManus, Joseph F. January 1994 (has links)
On the following pages are images of an architecture which pushes the limits of design. Conceived as an amalgamation of semiautonomous fragments, the thesis project strives to decompose into complete disarray. At the verge of structural (compositional) collapse, the building asks the question 'where does structure break down, and chaos begin?'. A table I have designed and built is an experiment in spontaneity, and questions the validity of traditional ways of building furniture. Building analysis drawings I have included at the end of the book are compositional exercises and have, from a graphic perspective, some of the density and formal complexity of the images of the thesis. While I have relied upon Deconstructionist terminology to describe the building represented, I must admit that the building is not truly Deconstructed. It is fragmented. Some visual continuity between design elements remains. If I were to produce a deconstructed building, I would have to go beyond playing formal games and question what forms signify. Then, perhaps, I could find alternative significations; I might also be able to make a new link between the signifier and the signified. I think I would be searching for a new conception of form, one free of convention, of precondition. / Master of Architecture
194

The role of communication tools in shopping centre management within the greater Durban area

Kanny, Evashnie 23 July 2014 (has links)
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the Masters Degree of Technology: Public Relations Management, Durban University of Technology, 2013. / In South Africa, the competition between shopping centres has increased significantly over the years due to the increase in the number of shopping centres and the changing shopping behaviour. The success of any shopping centre depends on the revenue generated by customers who frequent the mall to make purchases or use the services of the retail/entertainment outlets. To attract customers to shopping centres, management has to ensure that malls are effectively promoted to relevant stakeholders. Communication is important in any promotional, public relations or marketing activity and should be effective, persuasive and managed in a formal and structured way which fits into the overall goals of the mall. Shopping centre management may use a number of communication tools such as (and are not limited to) advertising, sales promotions, public relations, personal selling and sponsorship. However, do these strategies play a role in generating revenue to promote the overall success of a shopping centre? This dissertation, therefore, sets out to identify and examine the communication tools used by shopping centre managers within the greater Durban area in South Africa. It does so by interviewing marketing managers and the tenant mix of five competitive shopping centres within the greater Durban area in South Africa. Data will be collected from the respondents through questionnaires and an interview schedule. One of the significant results emerging from this study is that the function of tenant relations; promotions; publicity; and public relations plays an integral part in the effective functioning of a shopping centre.
195

Desempenho de sistemas de condicionamento de ar com utilização de energia solar em edifícios de escritórios. / Performance of solar air conditioning systems in office buildings.

Ara, Paulo José Schiavon 14 December 2010 (has links)
A preocupação energética tem impulsionado a humanidade a buscar alternativas sustentáveis de energia. Neste contexto, os edifícios de escritórios têm um papel importante, em especial, devido ao elevado consumo de energia dos sistemas de condicionamento de ar. Para esses sistemas, a possibilidade de utilização de energia solar é uma alternativa tecnicamente possível e interessante de ser considerada, principalmente porque, quando a carga térmica do edifício é mais elevada, a radiação solar também é mais elevada. Dentre os sistemas de condicionamento de ar solar, o sistema térmico - que associa coletores solares térmicos com chiller de absorção - é o mais disseminado, na atualidade. Entretanto, dependendo do caso, outras tecnologias podem ser vantajosas. Uma opção, por exemplo, no caso de edifícios de escritórios, é o sistema elétrico - que associa painéis fotovoltaicos ao chiller convencional de compressão de vapor. Neste trabalho, para um edifício de escritórios de 20 pavimentos e 1000 m2 por pavimento, na cidade de São Paulo, no Brasil, duas alternativas de ar condicionado solar tiveram seus desempenhos energéticos analisados: o sistema térmico - com coletores solares térmicos somente na cobertura e o sistema elétrico - com painéis FV somente nas superfícies opacas das fachadas. Para isso, com o software EnergyPlus do Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos obteve-se as carga térmica atuantes no edifício e com a aplicação do método de cálculo de consumo de energia dos sistemas de ar condicionado solar, proposto pelo Projeto SOLAIR da União Européia, adaptado para a realidade da pesquisa, obteve-se o desempenho energético dos sistemas. Os resultados mostraram que, para o edifício de 20 pavimentos, o sistema elétrico tem o melhor desempenho energético, economizando 28% e 71% da energia elétrica que consumiria um sistema de ar condicionado convencional, em um dia de verão e de inverno, respectivamente. O sistema térmico, ao contrário, apresentou um desempenho energético ruim para o edifício estudado, consumindo, por exemplo, em um dia de verão, cerca de 4 vezes mais energia elétrica do que um sistema de ar condicionado convencional. Constatouse que isso ocorreu, pois a área coletora limitada à cobertura foi insuficiente para atender a demanda do chiller de absorção, que passou a operar com frações solares baixas, da ordem de 50% e 20%, de pico, no dia de inverno e de verão, respectivamente. Assim, constatou-se que para que o sistema térmico apresente um desempenho energético satisfatório é preciso que o edifício não seja tão alto. De fato, os resultados mostraram que somente se o edifício tivesse no máximo 2 pavimentos, o sistema térmico teria um desempenho energético melhor do que um sistema convencional. No caso de ser aplicado ao edifício térreo de 1000m2 de área, por exemplo, esse sistema economizaria aproximadamente 65% da energia elétrica do sistema convencional. Por fim, constatou-se também que o desempenho energético do sistema térmico seria elevado com a otimização da área e da tecnologia de coletores solares, com o aprimoramento do sistema de aquecimento auxiliar e com a redução da carga térmica do edifício por meio de técnicas passivas de climatização. / Energy concern has driven human kind to seek sustainable energy alternatives. In this context, office buildings have an important role, especially due to the high energy consumption of air conditioning systems. For these systems, the possibility of using solar energy is technically feasible and interesting to be considered, mainly because generally when the building thermal load is higher, the solar radiation is also higher. Among solar airconditioning systems, the thermal system - which combines solar collectors with absorption chiller - is the most widespread, nowadays. However, depending on the case, other technologies may take advantage. One option, for example, in the case of office buildings, is the electrical system - which combines photovoltaic panels with conventional vapor compression chiller. In this work, an office building of 20 floors with 1,000 m2 floor area, in Sao Paulo, Brazil, two technologies of solar air conditioning had their performance analyzed: the thermal system - presenting solar thermal collectors only on the roof and the electrical system with PV panels only on the opaque surfaces of the facades. For this, the software EnergyPlus of the United States Department of Energy obtained the building thermal load and the with the solar air conditioning energy consumption calculating method proposed by SOLAIR project of the European Union and adapted to this work, energy performance of systems was obtained. The results showed that for this building, the electrical system had the best energy performance, saving 28% and 71% of electricity that would consume a conventional air conditioning system in a summer day and a winter day, respectively. The thermal system, in contrast, showed a poor energy performance, consuming, for example, on a summer day, about four times more electricity than a conventional air conditioning system. It was found that this occurred because the collectors area limited to the roof of the building was insufficient to meet the absorption chiller demand, causing low solar fractions in the operation, of around 50% and 20% peak, in a winter day and in a summer day, respectively. Thus, in order of provide a satisfactory energy performance, the thermal system requires that the building not to be so tall. In fact, the results showed that only if the building had up to two floors, the system would perform better than a conventional system. In case of be installed in a building with the ground floor only, and floor area of 1000m2, for example, this system would save about 65% of the electricity comparing to a conventional system. Finally, it was found that this energy performance would be elevated as well with the optimization of solar collectors area and technology, with auxiliary heating system improvement and with the reduction of thermal load of the building by means of passive air conditioning techniques.
196

Arquitetura-Capital: a funcionalidade dos edifícios corporativos paulistas / Capital-architecture: the functionality of the \"Paulista\" corporate buildings

Guerreiro, Isadora de Andrade 28 September 2010 (has links)
São Paulo presenciou, nas últimas duas décadas, o surgimento de grandes edifícios comerciais que passaram a conformar uma paisagem que se tornou a imagem de exportação da cidade. O fenômeno não é isolado: faz parte de um movimento de transformação no qual economia e espaço urbano são agentes de um mesmo processo social, concatenado politicamente ao poder público, em várias instâncias, e ao capital internacional. Sua origem se encontra na abertura da economia do país na década de 1990, que marcou o aumento significativo da instalação em solo nacional de empresas multinacionais, que conformaram uma nova demanda por um espaço diferenciado as lajes corporativas. Este movimento ganhou novas determinantes a partir dos anos 2000, quando foram criados vários instrumentos econômicos e urbanísticos que possibilitaram que o edifício corporativo, antes entendido como ativo fixo, modificasse sua figura no ciclo de valorização e passasse a atuar predominantemente enquanto capital na esfera da circulação. Acresce-se a isto o fato de que o mercado imobiliário nacional, a partir de 2005, passa por mudanças em sua forma de organização e atuação, devido à abertura de capital de significativas empresas do setor. Estes fatores conformam um cenário no qual esta arquitetura ganha novos papéis, principalmente no que concerne à representação do capital. Neste aspecto, as determinantes locais se encontram com as mundiais, numa relação que deve sintetizar um alinhamento aparentemente sem entraves. O trabalho pretende analisar este encontro, neste campo da arquitetura, no intuito de entender, a partir das suas especificidades locais, as contradições que o cercam. Neste encontro, serão analisadas as funcionalidades da arquitetura paulista neste novo cenário econômico. A cadeia local produtiva, de circulação e de uso do edifício corporativo será apresentada, mostrando-se as idiossincrasias, transformações e dificuldades locais que definirão nossa relação com o mercado de capitais internacional. / Sao Paulo witnessed, over the past two decades, the emergence of large commercial buildings that started to form a landscape that has become the city\'s image export. This phenomenon is not isolated: it is part of a movement of transformation in which economy and urban space are agents of the same social process, politically concatenated to the government, in several instances, and to international capital. Its origin lies in the openness of the countrys economy in the 1990s, which marked a significant increase of multinational companies on national soil, which have made a new demand for a different space the corporate towers. This movement gained new determinants from the 2000s, when several urban and economic instruments were created and enabled the corporate building, before understood as a fixed asset, to modify its image in the cycle of valorization and begin to act predominantly as a capital in the sphere of circulation. Added to this is the fact that the national real state market, since 2005, undergoes through changes in its organizational and performance form, due to the IPO of significant companies in the sector. These factors have formed a scenario in which this architecture is gaining new roles, especially regarding the representation of capital. In this aspect, the local determinants meet global determinants, in a relationship that must synthesize an alignment apparently unhindered. This study aims to examine this encounter, in the field of architecture, in order to understand, based on its specific local conditions, the contradictions that surround it. In this encounter, it will be taken into consideration the features of paulista (original from the state of Sao Paulo) architecture in this new economic scenario. The local chain of production, circulation and use of corporate buildings will appear, revealing the idiosyncrasies, changes and local difficulties that will define our relationship with the international capital market.
197

Demand-side management in office buildings in Kuwait through an ice-storage assisted HVAC system with model predictive control

Al-Hadban, Yehya January 2005 (has links)
Examining methods for controlling the electricity demand in Kuwait was the main objective and motivation of this researchp roject. The extensiveu se of air-conditioning for indoor cooling in office and large commercial buildings in Kuwait and the Gulf States represents a major part of the power and electricity consumption in such countries. The rising electricity generation cost and growing rates of consumption continuously demand the construction new power plants. Devising and enforcing Demand-SideM anagemen(t DSM) in the form of energye fficient operations trategies was the response of this research project to provide a means to rectify this situation using the demand-side management technique known as demand levelling or load shifting. State of the art demand-sidem anagementte chniquesh ave been examined through the developmenot f a model basedp redictive control optimisations trategyf or an integrateda ndm odulara pproachto the provisiono f ice thermals torage. To evaluate the potential of ice-storage assisted air-conditioning systems in flattening the demand curve at peak times during the summer months in Kuwait, a model of a Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning (HVAC) plant was developed in Matlab. The model engaged the use of model based predictive control (MPQ as an optimisation tool for the plant as a whole. The model with MPC was developed to chose and decide on which control strategy to operate the integrated ice-storage HVAC plant. The model succeeded in optimising the operation of the plant and introduced encouraging improvement of the performance of the system as a whole. The concept of the modular ice-storage system was introduced through a control zoning strategy based on zonal orientation. It is believed that such strategy could lead to the modularisation of ice-storage systems. Additionally, the model was examined and tested in relation to load flattening and demonstrated promising enhancement in the shape of the load curve and demonstrated flattened demand curves through the employed strategy. When compared with measured data from existing buildings, the model showed potential for the techniques utilised to improve the load factor for office buildings.
198

The Space-Organisation Relationship

Sailer, Kerstin 25 June 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Spatial structures shape human behaviour, or in the words of Bill Hillier – human behaviour does not simply happen in space, it takes on specific spatial forms. How staff interacts in a cellular office differs significantly from the patterns emerging in an open-plan environment. Therefore the dissertation ‘The Space-Organisation Relationship’ analyses how exactly spatial configuration shapes collective behaviours in knowledge-intensive workplace environments. From an extensive literature review it becomes clear that only few insights exist on the relationship between spatial structures and organisational behaviour, despite several decades of intensive research. It is argued that the discourse suffers from disciplinary boundaries; a lack of rigorous research designs; as well as incoherent and outdates studies. Founded on this diagnosis, the dissertation puts up two contrary hypotheses to explain the current state of knowledge: on the one hand it could be argued that hardly any coherent results were found due to the incoherent use of methods and metrics. If this was true it would mean that different organisations would react comparably to similar spatial configurations, if the same methods were used. On the other hand it could be hypothesised that it was inherently impossible to achieve coherent results even with the use of consistent methods, since each space-organisation relationship was unique. To investigate these ideas further, the dissertation employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, embedded within an explorative research design. Both a comparative analysis of different cases and an in-depth study to understand specific organisational behaviours were aimed at by conducting three intensive case studies of knowledge-intensive workplaces: 1) A University, 2) A Research Institute, 3) A Media Company, all of them accommodated in varying spatial structures. Based on a multi-layered analysis of empirical evidence, the dissertation concludes that the relationship between spatial configuration and organisational behaviours can be described by two principles. Firstly, evidence of generic function was found for example between spatial configuration, the placement of attractors, and collective movement flows. These influences are based on general anthropological behaviours and act independently of specific organisational cultures; yet they are rarely found. Secondly, the majority of evidence, especially on more complex organisational constructs such as knowledge flow, organisational cultures and identity suggests that the space-organisation relationship is shaped by the interplay of spatial as well as transpatial solidarities. This means that relationships between people may be formed by either spatial or social proximity. Transpatial relations can overcome distances and are grounded in social solidarities; as such they are not motivated by spatial structures, even though they often mirror spatial order. In essence organisations may react uniquely to comparable spatial configurations. Those two principles – generic function as well as spatial and transpatial solidarities – come in many different forms and jointly shape the character of the space-organisation relationship. This means both hypotheses are true to a degree and apply to different aspects of the space-organisation relationship. / Raumstrukturen beeinflussen menschliches Handeln, oder in den Worten von Bill Hillier – menschliches Verhalten findet nicht nur zufällig im Raum statt, sondern nimmt eine spezifisch räumliche Form an. Das Interaktionsverhalten von Mitarbeitern in einem Zellenbüro beispielsweise unterscheidet sich grundlegend von den Mustern, die sich in einem Großraumbüro entwickeln. Die vorliegende Dissertation „The Space-Organisation Relationship“ beschäftigt sich daher mit der Frage, wie sich die Verbindung zwischen Raumkonfiguration und kollektivem Verhalten einer Organisation in wissensintensiven Arbeitsprozessen gestaltet. Aus der Literatur wird ersichtlich, dass trotz einiger Jahrzehnte intensiver Forschung nur wenige gesicherte Erkenntnisse existieren zur Frage, wie sich Raumstrukturen auf organisationales Verhalten auswirken. Der Diskurs zeigt deutliche Schwächen durch disziplinäre Grenzen, einen Mangel an wissenschaftlich fundierten Studien, sowie inkohärente und teils veraltete Ergebnisse. Um den aktuellen Kenntnisstand zum Verhältnis von Raum und Organisation zu erklären, stellt die Arbeit zwei entgegengesetzte Hypothesen auf: zum einen wird angenommen, dass der Mangel an vergleichenden Studien sowie methodische Schwächen verantwortlich sind für die uneindeutige Beweislage. Sollte dies der Fall sein, müssten in vergleichenden Studien mit gleichem Methodenansatz übereinstimmende Ergebnisse zu finden sein. Dies würde nahe legen, dass jede Organisation als Kollektiv gleich oder zumindest ähnlich auf vergleichbare Raumstrukturen reagiere. Zum anderen wird die entgegengesetzte Hypothese aufgestellt, dass der Charakter und die inhärente Komplexität des Wissensgebietes exakte Aussagen per se unmöglich mache. Dies könnte verifiziert werden, wenn unterschiedliche Organisationen unterschiedlich auf vergleichbare Raumstrukturen reagieren würden, obwohl dieselben wissenschaftlich fundierten Methoden angewendet wurden. Um dies zu überprüfen benutzt die vorliegende Dissertation eine Kombination aus quantitativen und qualitativen Methoden, eingebettet in einen explorativen Forschungsaufbau, um sowohl vergleichende Analysen zwischen Organisationen durchführen, als auch tiefergehende Interpretationen zu spezifischem organisationalem Verhalten anstellen zu können. Die Arbeit stützt sich auf drei intensive Fallstudien unterschiedlicher wissensintensiver Tätigkeiten – einer Universität, einem Forschungsinstitut, und einem Medienunternehmen, die in jeweils unterschiedlichen räumlichen Strukturen agieren (Zellenbüros, Gruppenbüros, Kombibüros, Großraumbüros). Aufbauend auf der vielschichtigen Analyse empirischer Ergebnisse kommt die Dissertation zur Erkenntnis, dass sich das Verhältnis zwischen Raumkonfiguration und organisationalem Verhalten durch zwei Prinzipien beschreiben lässt. Einerseits sind so genannte generische Einflüsse festzustellen, zum Beispiel zwischen Raumkonfiguration, der Platzierung von Ressourcen und Bewegungsmustern. Diese generischen Einflüsse gehen auf grundlegende menschliche Verhaltensmuster zurück und agieren im Wesentlichen unabhängig von spezifischen Organisationskulturen. Allerdings sind sie selten, und nur wenige Faktoren können als generisch angenommen werden. Andererseits ist die überwiegende Mehrheit der Raum-Organisations-Beziehungen bestimmt vom Wechsel zwischen räumlicher und so genannter trans-räumlicher Solidarität, das heißt Beziehungen zwischen Individuen können sich entweder auf räumliche oder soziale Nähe stützen. Trans-räumliche Beziehungen, die sich aufgrund von sozialer Nähe entfalten können beispielsweise Entfernungen überwinden, und sind daher in erster Linie nicht räumlich motiviert, auch wenn sie sich oft in räumlichen Ordnungen widerspiegeln. Diese beiden Prinzipien – generische Einflüsse sowie räumliche und trans-räumliche Funktionsweisen – treten in vielschichtigen Formen auf und bestimmen den Charakter des Verhältnisses zwischen Raum und Organisation. Damit treffen beide der aufgestellten Hypothesen auf unterschiedliche Aspekte und Teilbereiche des Raum-Organisations-Zusammenhangs zu.
199

Demand-side management in office buildings in Kuwait through an ice-storage assisted HVAC system with model predictive control

Al-Hadban, Yehya January 2005 (has links)
Examining methods for controlling the electricity demand in Kuwait was the main objective and motivation of this researchp roject. The extensiveu se of air-conditioning for indoor cooling in office and large commercial buildings in Kuwait and the Gulf States represents a major part of the power and electricity consumption in such countries. The rising electricity generation cost and growing rates of consumption continuously demand the construction new power plants. Devising and enforcing Demand-SideM anagemen(t DSM) in the form of energye fficient operations trategies was the response of this research project to provide a means to rectify this situation using the demand-side management technique known as demand levelling or load shifting. State of the art demand-sidem anagementte chniquesh ave been examined through the developmenot f a model basedp redictive control optimisations trategyf or an integrateda ndm odulara pproachto the provisiono f ice thermals torage. To evaluate the potential of ice-storage assisted air-conditioning systems in flattening the demand curve at peak times during the summer months in Kuwait, a model of a Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning (HVAC) plant was developed in Matlab. The model engaged the use of model based predictive control (MPQ) as an optimisation tool for the plant as a whole. The model with MPC was developed to chose and decide on which control strategy to operate the integrated ice-storage HVAC plant. The model succeeded in optimising the operation of the plant and introduced encouraging improvement of the performance of the system as a whole. The concept of the modular ice-storage system was introduced through a control zoning strategy based on zonal orientation. It is believed that such strategy could lead to the modularisation of ice-storage systems. Additionally, the model was examined and tested in relation to load flattening and demonstrated promising enhancement in the shape of the load curve and demonstrated flattened demand curves through the employed strategy. When compared with measured data from existing buildings, the model showed potential for the techniques utilised to improve the load factor for office buildings.
200

Arquitetura-Capital: a funcionalidade dos edifícios corporativos paulistas / Capital-architecture: the functionality of the \"Paulista\" corporate buildings

Isadora de Andrade Guerreiro 28 September 2010 (has links)
São Paulo presenciou, nas últimas duas décadas, o surgimento de grandes edifícios comerciais que passaram a conformar uma paisagem que se tornou a imagem de exportação da cidade. O fenômeno não é isolado: faz parte de um movimento de transformação no qual economia e espaço urbano são agentes de um mesmo processo social, concatenado politicamente ao poder público, em várias instâncias, e ao capital internacional. Sua origem se encontra na abertura da economia do país na década de 1990, que marcou o aumento significativo da instalação em solo nacional de empresas multinacionais, que conformaram uma nova demanda por um espaço diferenciado as lajes corporativas. Este movimento ganhou novas determinantes a partir dos anos 2000, quando foram criados vários instrumentos econômicos e urbanísticos que possibilitaram que o edifício corporativo, antes entendido como ativo fixo, modificasse sua figura no ciclo de valorização e passasse a atuar predominantemente enquanto capital na esfera da circulação. Acresce-se a isto o fato de que o mercado imobiliário nacional, a partir de 2005, passa por mudanças em sua forma de organização e atuação, devido à abertura de capital de significativas empresas do setor. Estes fatores conformam um cenário no qual esta arquitetura ganha novos papéis, principalmente no que concerne à representação do capital. Neste aspecto, as determinantes locais se encontram com as mundiais, numa relação que deve sintetizar um alinhamento aparentemente sem entraves. O trabalho pretende analisar este encontro, neste campo da arquitetura, no intuito de entender, a partir das suas especificidades locais, as contradições que o cercam. Neste encontro, serão analisadas as funcionalidades da arquitetura paulista neste novo cenário econômico. A cadeia local produtiva, de circulação e de uso do edifício corporativo será apresentada, mostrando-se as idiossincrasias, transformações e dificuldades locais que definirão nossa relação com o mercado de capitais internacional. / Sao Paulo witnessed, over the past two decades, the emergence of large commercial buildings that started to form a landscape that has become the city\'s image export. This phenomenon is not isolated: it is part of a movement of transformation in which economy and urban space are agents of the same social process, politically concatenated to the government, in several instances, and to international capital. Its origin lies in the openness of the countrys economy in the 1990s, which marked a significant increase of multinational companies on national soil, which have made a new demand for a different space the corporate towers. This movement gained new determinants from the 2000s, when several urban and economic instruments were created and enabled the corporate building, before understood as a fixed asset, to modify its image in the cycle of valorization and begin to act predominantly as a capital in the sphere of circulation. Added to this is the fact that the national real state market, since 2005, undergoes through changes in its organizational and performance form, due to the IPO of significant companies in the sector. These factors have formed a scenario in which this architecture is gaining new roles, especially regarding the representation of capital. In this aspect, the local determinants meet global determinants, in a relationship that must synthesize an alignment apparently unhindered. This study aims to examine this encounter, in the field of architecture, in order to understand, based on its specific local conditions, the contradictions that surround it. In this encounter, it will be taken into consideration the features of paulista (original from the state of Sao Paulo) architecture in this new economic scenario. The local chain of production, circulation and use of corporate buildings will appear, revealing the idiosyncrasies, changes and local difficulties that will define our relationship with the international capital market.

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