<p>This thesis presents how and if open innovation software (OIS) supports different types of creativity. The relevant theories and information on how an OIS is designed and, the relevant theories of creativity are used for making a model to test on different OIS.</p><p>The result shows that most OIS functionality supported the structuralist and situationalist school of creativity but it also shows that the inspirationalist school was poorly supported in the current functionality. With the result we discuss the implications of supporting all types of creativity to support the most of the users and in the end enable more innovations.</p>

This thesis presents how and if open innovation software (OIS) supports different types of creativity. The relevant theories and information on how an OIS is designed and, the relevant theories of creativity are used for making a model to test on different OIS. The result shows that most OIS functionality supported the structuralist and situationalist school of creativity but it also shows that the inspirationalist school was poorly supported in the current functionality. With the result we discuss the implications of supporting all types of creativity to support the most of the users and in the end enable more innovations.

Title: Organizational identity in the public sector during times of crises Date of submission: 2021-06-01 Authors: Lowe Björklund and Jakob Boyer Advisor: Josef Pallas Course: Master’s thesis 30 credits Purpose: Organizational identity (OI) has gained attention due to its feasibility in several organizational respects. Swedish healthcare is a well-debated area, and there is an ongoing discussion on how it should be managed. Crises can spark discussions about OI, opening up the possibility to gain insights related to the concept. Therefore, OI may work as a tool for making progress in understanding management within Swedish healthcare. The research might show if a prominent crisis can produce alternative views of how OI is affected during times of crises. Design/Methodology: To investigate OI, a qualitative method was chosen together with semi-structured interviews as a data collection method. The motivation for the particular research design and methodology stems from prior research investigating OI, where qualitative semi-structured interviews were used. Findings: The findings showed that the OI of the Swedish hospital had been highlighted and reinforced after Covid-19's introduction. The hospital had developed a more congruent idea of their OI, while the temporary nature of the connection between hospital staff indicated that the connection had not become stronger. The findings also indicated a relationship between the motivation of hospital staff and management’s actions. Many of the effects forced upon the hospital by the crisis had produced many positive changes (e.g., less territorial thinking and increased digital measures). However, part of these changes was thought to stay only temporarily; thus, the hospital’s OI was considered fixed and fluid. In addition, the research indicated that the hospital’s OI was shaped in an ongoing process of interactions between organizational members internally rather than external factors. The findings also suggest that organizational members had viewed the crisis both as a threat and an opportunity, while perceiving gaps between the present and the future along with costs not to change. Research limitations: The findings may have a questionable level of generalizability due to the case study approach.

Submitted by Aline Santiago da Silva Santos (aline.santos@fgv.br) on 2010-05-17T16:26:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CPDOC2010GuilhermeOliveira.pdf: 2074386 bytes, checksum: d4436a905d514c565ae4506e31712513 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suemi Higuchi(suemi.higuchi@fgv.br) on 2010-05-17T16:34:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CPDOC2010GuilhermeOliveira.pdf: 2074386 bytes, checksum: d4436a905d514c565ae4506e31712513 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-17T16:41:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPDOC2010GuilhermeOliveira.pdf: 2074386 bytes, checksum: d4436a905d514c565ae4506e31712513 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-22 / This work presents a case study on cultural sponsorship encouraged by tax exemption carried out by a private organization whose core business is outside of the cultural realm. The intention here is to describe the role played by such organization, its motivation to exercise social responsibility by means of cultural sponsorship, the process to award winning projects and the criteria used in the selection of each project. The research is based on the analysis of calls for sponsorship of several companies, statistical data on the characteristics of bidding and approved projects for the selected institution and interviews with some of the proccess stakeholders. To contextualize this study, a historical scenario of the actions of the Brazilian government in the cultural arena was drawn, specifying its public policies with emphasis on the legislation for cultural incentives. The theoretical foundation includes concepts such as culture, cultural policy and social responsibility, as well as the importance of indicators as working tools and the distinction between patronage and sponsorship. / Este trabalho consiste em um estudo de caso sobre os patrocínios culturais incentivados realizados por uma organização da iniciativa privada que não tem a cultura como seu negócio-fim. Sua proposta é oferecer uma visão do papel desta, dos motivadores para que exerça responsabilidade social utilizando a cultura, o processo de escolha dos projetos patrocinados e os critérios que norteiam a opção por cada um deles. A pesquisa utilizou como base a análise de editais de patrocínio de diversas empresas, dados estatísticos acerca das características dos projetos inscritos e aprovados no processo da instituição escolhida e entrevistas com os protagonistas deste processo. Para contextualizar o estudo, é traçado um panorama histórico da atuação do Estado brasileiro na área cultural, através de suas políticas públicas e, principalmente, das leis de incentivo à cultura. Como fundamentação teórica, conceitos como cultura, política cultural e responsabilidade social são explorados, assim como a importância de indicadores como ferramentas de trabalho e a distinção entre mecenato e patrocínio.

Croton é um gênero gigante de Euphorbiaceae com cerca de 1.300 espécies distribuídas em regiões tropicais e subtropicais da América, África, Ásia e Austrália. O Brasil é um importante centro de diversificação da espécie, com mais de 350 espécies descritas, sendo muitas endêmicas. Muitas espécies são utilizadas como plantas medicinais pelas populações locais, para o tratamento de diversos males, como câncer, diabetes, febre, hipercolesterolemia, hipertensão, entre outros. Mesmo assim, a maioria das espécies não apresenta estudo fitoquímico para determinação de atividades biológicas. Na bibliografia consultada terpenóides se apresentaram como compostos predominantes em Croton. O presente estudo foi realizado com a análise de óleos voláteis e de extratos metanólicos de folhas e caules de 10 amostras de Croton seção Lamprocroton Todas as espécies do estudo têm descrição química inédita. Foram identificados 44 compostos de óleos voláteis por CG/EM, sendo 14 monoterpenos e 30 sesquiterpenos. Alguns compostos oxigenados, importantes do ponto de vista de atividade biológica, ocorreram em altas concentrações, como 1,8-cineol (C. ericoides: 24,1%; C.linearifolius: 26,9%; C. muellerianus: 23,9%), linalol (C. dusenii: 18,2%), bisabolol (C. ceanothifolius: 49,9%), 1-isopropil-7-metil-4-metileno-1,3,4,6,8-hexa-hidro-2H-naftalen-4-ol (C. linearifolius: 25,2%; C. pallidulus var. pallidulus: 23,6%). Já no extrato metanólico foram identificados por CG/EM 15 diterpenos, 9 triterpenos e 13 esteróides. Grupo de metabólito secundário mais caracteristico de Croton, foram detectados 3 diterpenos de cadeia aberta (fitol, hexadecatetraenol e furanona), um diterpeno alcoólico (retinol), além de diterpenos com esqueleto tipo labdano, caurano, clerodano e podocarpano. Os dois clerodanos foram identificados com estrutura similar à trans-desidrocrotonina, composto com alto potencial farmacológico. Os podocarpanos até então registrados em apenas duas espécies de Croton foram comuns à Croton seção Lamprocroton, sendo identificados podocarp-7-en-3-ona 13&beta;-metil-13-vinil, podocarp-7,8-diien-3-ona-13-acetoxi, ácido podocarpa-7,13-dien-15-óico e metil-13(2-metoxi-2-oxoetildeno)-14-metil-7-oxopodocarpan-15-oato, distribuídos em 5 espécies. Os triterpenos e esteróides apresentaram alta diversidade e foram detectados para todas as espécies do estudo, com especial atenção para os triterpenos &alpha;-amirina, lupeol e lupenona; e os esteróides &beta; e &gamma;-sitosterol, pelas altas concentrações e pelo potencial farmacológico. Os dados obtidos possibilitaram listagem de compostos e atividades com sugestões de direcionamento para futuros testes e desenvolvimentos farmacológicos. / Croton is a large genus of Euphorbiaceae comprising around 1.300 species, widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of America, Africa, Asia and Australia. Brazil is one of the main hot spot in the world, with more than 350 species described, many of them endemic. Although several species are used in tradicional medicine for the treatement of diseases like cancer, diabetes, fever, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Most species have no phytochemical studies concerning their biological activities. Literature shows terpenoids as predominant secondary metabolite constituents in Croton. The present study was carried outwith the analysis of essential oils and crude methanolic extracts obtained from leaves and bark of 10 samples of Croton sect. Lamprocroton. All species used on this study were submitted to their first chemical description. Forty four compounds were identified on essential oil by GC/MS, 14 monoterpenes and 30 sesquiterpenes. Some oxygenated compounds with important biological activity were detectaed in high concentrations: 1,8-cineol (C. ericoides: 24.1%; C.linearifolius: 26.9%; C. muellerianus: 23.9%), linalol (C. dusenii: 18.2%), bisabolol (C. ceanothifolius: 49.9%), 1-isopropil-7-metil-4-metileno-1,3,4,6,8-hexa-hidro-2H-naftalen-4-ol (C. linearifolius: 25.2%; C. pallidulus var. pallidulus: 23.6%). The metanolic extract analysis reveled by GC/MS15 diterpenes, 9 triterpenes e 13 steroids. Diterpenes are describe as the main secondary metabolite in Croton. Besides diterpenes with labdan, cauran, clerodan and podocarpan skeletal types, three opened ring diterpenes (fitol, hexadecatetraenol e furanona) and one alcoholic diterpene (retinol) were detected. Two clerodans were identified with trans-desidrocrotonin estructure-like, a compound with high pharmacological use. Podocarpans that have only been registered for two Croton species, were commonly found on Croton sect. Lamprocroton (podocarp-7-en-3-one 13&beta;-metil-13-vinil; podocarp-7,8-diien-3-one-13-acetoxi; podocarpa-7,13-dien-15-oic acid; and metil-13(2-metoxi-2-oxoetildeno)-14-metil-7-oxopodocarpan-15-oate). Triterpenes and steroids shown high diversity and were detected at all studied species, with a highlight for compounds with high pharmacological potencial like triterpens &alpha;-amirine, lupeol and lupenone; and the steroids beta and gamma-sitosterol. The results obtained led to a list of compounds and suggestions for future pharmacological tests and developments.

Nos Ãltimos anos, observou-se o surgimento e a rÃpida disseminaÃÃo da tecnologia WLAN IEEE 802.11 que integrou-se ao mercado atual e tornou-se opular como rede de banda larga sem fio de acesso à Internet. Paralelamente, o serviÃo de VoIP apresenta uma das maiores taxas de crescimento dentre as aplicaÃÃes de Internet da atualidade. GraÃas à convergÃncia destas duas tendÃncias, acredita-se que o serviÃo de VoIP em redes WLAN venha a ser uma importante aplicaÃÃo de Internet. Entretanto, o "efeito avalanche" foi identificado como um grave problema passÃvel de ocorrer em uma rede WLAN fucionando prÃximo ao seu limite de capacidade, na qual a admissÃo de um novo usuÃrio pode vir a provocar a degradaÃÃo de todas as sessÃes VoIP prÃ-existentes. Neste contexto, o controle de admissÃo de chamadas foi identificado como um nicho a ser explorado. A avaliaÃÃo de desempenho de quatro algoritmos de CAC foi realizada neste trabalho. Dois deles foram encontrados na literatura pesquisada, um deles baseado numa equaÃÃo teÃrica (EQA) e outro na taxa de utilizaÃÃo do canal (CBA). Os outros dois algoritmos representam as propostas inovadoras desta dissertaÃÃo, um deles se baseia a FER mÃdia do sistema no enlace direto (FEA) e outro na taxa de utilizaÃÃo do buffer de transmissÃo do ponto de acesso (BSA). O FEA demonstrou um melhor aproveitamento dos recursos da rede em relaÃÃo aos algoritmos de CAC selecionados da literatura. No entanto, este algoritmo supÃe a disponibilidade da medida precisa da FER no ponto de acesso. Jà com o BSA, o "efeito avalanche" foi praticamente eliminado, possibilitando a obtenÃÃo dos melhores ganhos dentre todos os algoritmos avaliados. AlÃm disso, sua implementaÃÃo à mais simples e a obtenÃÃo da mÃtrica de decisÃo se dà diretamente no prÃprio ponto de acesso. / In the last years, the IEEE 802.11 WLAN has become very popular and widely deploved for Internet acess. On the other hand, voice over IP is one of the fast growing Internet apllications today. Thanks to the convergence of these two trends, it is believed that VoIP over WLAN is expected to become an important Internet application. However, the so called "avalanche effect" has been identified as a real problem in a WLAN, when operating near its capacity limit, in which the admission of an additional call may result in unacceptable QoS for alll the ongoing VoIP connections. In this context, the call admission control has beeen pointed out as an interesting research issue. We have proceed the performance evaluation of four CAC algorithms. Two of them were fond in specialized literature, one based on a theoretical equation (EQA) and the other based on the channel busyness ratio (CBA). The other algorithms represent the innovative proposals of this work, one based on the measured downlink FER (FEA) and the other based on the transmission buffer utilization ratio (BSA). The resource allocation provided by the FEA is more efficient than the one provided by EQA or CBA. However, this algorithm considers the accurate availability of the downlink FER metric at the access point. The BSA has almost eliminated the "avalache effect" achieving the best gains in terms of capacity and resource allocation when comparing with all the algorithms evaluated. Additionally, the practical implementation of the BSA is very simple and the decision metric is readily available at the access point

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

This master’s thesis suggests that Oi! - lyrically – gives voice to a youth community whose identity lies in everyday working class life. The identity in question is based upon class, gender, sexuality, nationality, and community awareness. As these are intertwined, the thesis shows a more complex genre than that of Matthew Worley’s “Oi! Oi! Oi!: Class, Locality, and British punk”.   On the other hand, using the above categories - derived from the studies of Kathryn Woodward – allows this essay to detect a genre identity made from a distinct “the Same” and “the Other” – us and them, as described by Stuart Hall. The latter consists of members of the middle and upper classes along with all kinds of intellectuals. “The Same” is based upon a common belonging to the working class and its local communities, but also on nationhood. On the contrary, the male gender in general and the male sexuality in particular adds to the idea of Oi!´s “the Same”. In contrast to the idea of “the Same”, Stephen Greenblatt’s idea of dissonance works to explain cracks in the façade of Oi! as explained in the spatiotemporal discourse.  Moreover, Oi!’s “the Same” is quite alike the subaltern of Antonio Gramsci. This concept suggests that the members of the proletariat are too unaware to be ideologically enlightened and therefore their culture expresses the way of working class life as it is, complete with eventual moral flaws. Whereas Gramsci uses the subaltern as a description of the rural proletariat of southern Italy and suggests folklore as the cultural outcome of that particular discourse, this essay aims to use it similarly but with Britain of the 1980’s and Oi! at its focal point.  Furthermore, this essay describes the “Circuit of Culture” - as explained by Woodward - and puts Oi! into that model, which enables an understanding of the genre as an expression of produced, consumed, regulated, and represented identity.  In conclusion, this master’s thesis do not refute Worley´s description of Oi! as a socioeconomic product, but rather adds to that by intertwining Woodward´s categories. The intersectional understanding of Oi! states that class, gender, community, sex, and nationality work together to create a genre, which represents a Gramscian subalternative proletariat. However, Hall’s “the Other” makes it perfectly clear that there is a distinct gap between Oi! and white power-music, which is also proved - throughout the essay -  by the two genres regard to whiteness studies.

A Osteogênese Imperfeita (OI) é uma doença genética do tecido conjuntivo caracterizada por fragilidade óssea e susceptibilidade à fratura sob mínimo ou nenhum trauma. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar características clínicas e moleculares de crianças e adultos com Osteogênese Imperfeita e analisar o efeito do tratamento medicamentoso com bifosfonados em relação aos biomarcadores metabólicos e ósseos em pacientes adultos. Esta tese se dividiu em dois capítulos onde 1) foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo sobre as características clínicas no momento do diagnóstico de OI, com ênfase nas características clínicas, especialmente em relação às fraturas ósseas; 2) avaliação clínica e análise da mutação c.-14C>T no gene IFITM5 foi estuda em uma população com características sugestivas de OI tipo V; e 3) estudo retrospectivo em adultos com OI divididos em 2 grupos tratados com bifosfonados e não tratados. Em relação ao tratamento com bifosfonados foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: tipo de droga e duração do tratamento, valores de biomarcadores metabólicos e ósseos por um período de 5 anos, incidência de fraturas num de período de 5 ou 10 anos e densidade mineral óssea da coluna lombar, quadril total e colo femural no início e no final do tratamento. Nossos resultados mostraram que 1) no momento do diagnósico de OI características como escleras azuladas, dentinogênese imperfeita, ossos wormianos e fraturas de membros inferiores e superiores podem ser observadas. Pacientes com formas mais graves de OI foram diagnosticados mais precocemente quando comparados com pacientes com formas leves. Nenhuma criança com OI apresentou fraturas posteromediais das costelas, fratura de escápula ou lesões metafisárias. Essas informações associadas a história da saúde da criança são relevantes para a realização do diagnóstico diferencial. 2) OI tipo V correspondeu a 4% dos casos de OI atendidos no Centro de Referência para OI do HCPA. Indivíduos com OI V associada a mutação c.-14C> T no gene IFITM5 apresentaram características clínicas distintas como formação de calo hiperplásico, calcificação das membranas interósseas, deslocamento da cabeça radial e deformidade de coluna, porém a expressão da doença é variável. 3) Observamos que o tratamento de adultos com OI a longo prazo não foi associado com redução na incidência das fraturas e não se refletiu de forma significativa nos níveis de biomarcadores metabólicos e ósseos, porém houve uma melhora significativa na densidade mineral óssea da coluna lombar associada à terapia. Por ser uma doença rara com prevalência variável e ampla variabilidade fenotípica e genotípica, estudos clínicos e moleculares bem como estudos sobre o efeito do tratamento medicamentoso são imprescindíveis, contribuindo no melhor entendimento da doença, aconselhamento genético acurado e propiciando melhores estratégias de prevenção e tratamento para esta população. / Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic connective tissue disease characterized by bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture under minimal or no trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and molecular features of children and adults with OI and analyze the effect of the drug treatment with bisphosphonates in regarding to metabolic and bone biomarkers in adult patients. This thesis was divided by two chapters: 1) a retrospective study was performed where the clinical characteristic at the moment of diagnosis of OI, the clinical characteristics specially related to bone fractures was evaluated; 2) clinical evaluation and mutation analysis of c.-14C>T in the IFITM5gene was studied in a population with clinical charcteristics suggestive of OI type V; and 3) retrospective study in adults with OI divided in two groups treated with biphosphonates and not treated. Bisphosphonate treatment was evaluated according to the parameters: type of drug and duration of treatment, metabolic and bone biomarkers values for a period of 5 years, incidence of fractures in a period of 5 or 10 years and bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck at baseline and at the end of treatment. Our results showed that 1) at the time of OI diagnosis features such as bluish slerae, dentinogenis imperfecta, wormian bones, and fractures of upper and lower limbs can be observed. Patients with more severe forms of OI were diagnosed earlier when compared with patients with mild forms. No OI children presented posteromedial fractures of the ribs, scapula fracture or metaphyseal lesions. This information associated with the child's health history are relevant for carrying out the differential diagnosis. This information is relevant for carrying out the differential diagnosis. 2) OI type V corresponds to 4% of OI cases at the Reference Center for OI at HCPA. Subjects with OI V associated to the mutation c.-14C> T in the IFITM5 gene presented distinctives clinical features as hyperplastic callus formation, calcification of interosseous membranes, dislocation of the radial head and spinal deformity, but the expression of the disease is variable. 3) We observed that long-term treatment with bisphosphonates (BP) for adults with OI was not associated with reduced incidence of fractures and was not reflected significantly in the levels of metabolic and bone biomarkers, but there was a significant improvement in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine associated to the therapy. Because it is a rare disease with a prevalence variable and wide phenotypic and genotypic variability, clinical and molecular studies and studies of the effect of drug treatment are essential, contributing to the better understanding of the disease, accurate genetic counseling and providing better strategies for prevention and treatment for this population.