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Adjustment to transitional life events and processes of advanced development have emerged as important areas of research. Relatively little attention has been given to the 65+ age group. The present study investigated processes of adjustment to transitional life events by individuals in this group. Sixty-three non-institutionalized males and females volunteered as subjects. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire, a pretested list of transitional life events, an open- and close-ended transition questionnaire, a battery of neuropsychological measures, and several measures of psychological functioning. Results indicated the present sample to be somewhat atypical of the elderly in certain respects--highly educated, quite healthy, and economically secure. A 1 x 6 multivariate analysis of variance and posteriori Hotelling T² tests indicated that while the level of performance on neuropsychological measures of adaptive abilities significantly declined with increasing age, there was also much overlap in performance by the various age groups, particularly among the three oldest cohorts (75 to 85+). Significant intercorrelations were found to exist among measures sensitive to lateralized functions. No significant differences were noted in performance on lateralized measures. Analysis of open- and close-ended descriptions of the nature of transitional life events and adjustment indicated the factors involved to be very complex. Several patterns of adjustment emerged: an immediate tendency to be concerned with practical issues or arrangements, an effort to mitigate the degree of stressful upset through emotional distancing or minimization, consideration of events as distinct from each other to limit the extent of adjustment required, and utilization of immediate and extended social support systems to foster adaptation. Measures of psychosocial functions were not correlated with the number of transitional life events experienced or with the neuropsychological measures employed. However, multiple regression analyses indicated that neuropsychological functioning, level of education, and level of income predicted a significant portion of the variance in ratings of adjustment by three clinical psychologists. Results were discussed in terms of previous research and methodological suggestions for future investigation were presented.

This project has addressed the need for a new and effective theoretical framework in the field of social gerontology by proposing and applying exchange theory as a valid approach to the study of aging. This study specifically analyzed the relationships between life satisfaction and social resources, social contexts and change in order to measure and clarify the significance of the individual factors.

This work offers a cross-cultural account of the “aging experience” for elderly in two regions of Bulgaria. It is an ethnographic study that explores the importance of sustained and new (or adapted) interpersonal relationships for elderly in a depopulating Northwestern Village and a small Southern Town and its surroundings in the Rhodope Mountains. Highlighting relationships with family, peers, and neighbors, the study documents how the elderly negotiate and strategize their well-being in spaces and networks increasingly occupied by members of their same age group and despite adversity such as permanently depleting populations. These elders manage to engage in creating and maintaining their networks for instrumental or salient support; participate in peer memberships and interactions for coping and belonging; and negotiate valued and new cultural and socioeconomic strategies and places for well-being. The study’s focus engages with theories of aging; psychosocial, anthropological, and sociological knowledge; and cross-disciplinary conceptions of how groups of people mediate relationships and issues affecting them. It underscores some Bulgarian elders’ engagement over disengagement, their nostalgia and coping, and pathways that lead to innovation and resiliency. The study also offers further insight into topics such as “aging in place” and the complexities of human experiences within a Bulgarian context that considers specific histories and processes such as post-socialism and out-migration. As such, the current work contributes to explorations of engaged and adaptive elders aging in place (particularly in relationship to out-migration and economic forces); to how overlapping histories and experiences create membership within age-cohorts; and on the ways that the elderly cope, adapt, and innovate when traditionally salient family networks are stretched because of economies, depopulation, or distance. Finally, this work occurs against the backdrop of an aging and depopulating landscape. Issues affecting Bulgaria and its elders include population loss and stages of demographic decline, declining or low fertility rates, and an increasingly aging population across the country but more so within villages. These and other problems have resulted in the elderly expressing isolation; feelings of loss; and economic, social, and personal woes. It has also resulted in the elderly being categorized as a particularly “vulnerable” group within the country, a term which runs the risk of placing them within a realm of complacency or marginalization. Even in extreme situations, many of the elderly I met in Bulgaria remained resourceful and resilient by sustaining or adapting relationships and practices, by creating moments and spaces for coping and companionship, and to meet their need as “still alive” in ways that challenge perceptions of vulnerability or marginality.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-13T13:06:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorgemar Soares Felix.pdf: 2027961 bytes, checksum: cec74833cb26e728064be55cd48c3519 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T13:06:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorgemar Soares Felix.pdf: 2027961 bytes, checksum: cec74833cb26e728064be55cd48c3519 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This research aims to answer the following question: To what extend does the lowincome worker 60 years and over have the social and economic conditions to stay in the labor market or acquire new skills to reinvent himself professionally? As secondary objectives the questions were: what is the impact of urban space on the decision to remain in the labor market and, while remaining active, how does this population segment deal with the limitations imposed by the transformations of the city and suffer its consequences? The methodology used was based on the research carried out by Serge Paugam for France, called "Salarié de la precarité", which establishes types of integration according to two basic criteria: satisfaction and stability. The criteria take into account the labor conditions and the employment relationship to create the ideal type (Weberian) assured integration, in which the interviewee meets the two criteria, and types deviations, uncertain integration (satisfaction but no stability), laborious integration (no satisfaction but with stability) and disqualified integration (without the both). The sample of this research was restricted to the Jessé de Souza’s social category batalhadores (battlers), that is to say, a "new Brazilian working class" that emerged in the years 2000, but with a "personal trajectory" marked by a history of vulnerability or by an unfavorable condition in the society and / or being black-skinned. It is assumed that this segment lacks cultural, social and immaterial capital. The research is qualitative, with techniques of direct observation and in-depth interviews from a semistructured questionnaire. In the first three chapters, a theoretical reference is presented in the field of economic sociology, sociology of work and urban sociology with the objective of offering information of the reality for a confrontation of the report of the batalhadores and batalhadoras interviewed in the fourth and last chapter, when the results of empirical research are presented. The main conclusion is that it is impossible for the sample to be able to assured integration, mainly due to age. It is argued, therefore, that the types of integration must be taken into account in the public policy decisions for the elderly and the construction of the social protection structure. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo responder à seguinte questão: Até que ponto o trabalhador de baixa renda com mais de 60 anos tem condições sociais e econômicas para se manter no mercado de trabalho ou adquirir novas qualificações para se reinventar profissionalmente? Como objetivos secundários as questões foram: qual o impacto do espaço urbano na decisão de se manter no mercado de trabalho e, em permanecendo na ativa, como esse segmento populacional lida com as limitações impostas pelas transformações da cidade e sofre suas consequências? A metodologia utilizada teve como matriz a pesquisa realizada por Serge Paugam para a França, denominada “Salarié de la precarité”, na qual estabelece tipos de integração de acordo com dois critérios básicos: satisfação e estabilidade. Os critérios levam em conta a relação de trabalho e a relação de emprego para criar o “tipo ideal” (weberiano) integração assegurada, no qual o entrevistado atende aos dois critérios, e os tipos desvios, integração incerta (com satisfação e sem estabilidade), integração laboriosa (sem satisfação e com estabilidade) e integração desqualificada (sem os dois critérios). Limitou-se a amostra dessa pesquisa à categoria batalhadores de Jessé de Souza, isto é, uma “nova classe trabalhadora brasileira” que emerge nos anos 2000, mas com uma “trajetória pessoal” marcada por um histórico de vulnerabilidade seja por uma condição desfavorável na sociedade desigual e/ou por ser de pele negra. Assume-se que esse segmento carece de capitais cultural, social e imaterial. A pesquisa é qualitativa, com técnicas de observação direta e entrevistas aprofundadas a partir de questionário semiestruturado. Nos três capítulos iniciais, apresenta-se um referencial teórico no âmbito da sociologia econômica, da sociologia do trabalho e da sociologia urbana com o objetivo de oferecer informações da realidade para um confronto do relato dos batalhadores e batalhadoras entrevistados no quarto e último capítulo, quando são apresentados os resultados da pesquisa empírica. A conclusão principal é a impossibilidade de a amostra apresentar condições de garantir uma integração assegurada sobretudo devido ao fator idade. Defende-se, assim, que os tipos de integração devem ser levados em conta nas decisões de políticas públicas para os idosos e para a construção da estrutura de proteção social

This study investigated the effects of high age-concentration of residential environment on: (1) the morale of the elderly; and (2) mutual-aid patterns with neighbors of the elderly. Empirical tests of hypotheses derived from the socio-environmental approach to aging were performed. The socio-environmental approach suggested that persons were most satisfied with themselves when there was congruency between what was expected of them by others in the environment and what they expected of themselves. As the local environment became concentrated with old people, the variety of situations with which persons were confronted was quite narrow in terms of demands on the elderly individual's behavior. In age-heterogeneous settings, however, the variety of situations that persons encountered were maximal, and the demands on behavior in this setting was great.

The care of the elderly is a growing problem. Existing services are inadequate for the needs of an aging population. In order to suggest new services to deal with the care of the elderly, this report examined four areas: the demographic characteristics of our aging society, the nature of services in general, services provided to the elderly population, and the application of role theory to the caregiver/care recipient dyad. Role theory identified conflicts felt by both the caregiver and care recipient. These conflicts were explored in three sets of focus group interviews: women 65 years old and older, women familiar with the experience of primary caregiver, and women between the ages of 23 and 42 (the age range representative of the Baby Boom cohort). Information from these interviews was used to understand both current and future perceptions of the elderly and of the role of caregivers in this society and what services they perceive are necessary for the elderly to function independently in this society. / Master of Science

手稿本, 複本據手稿本影印. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學, 1988. / 林娟芬. / Shou gao ben, fu ben ju shou gao ben ying yin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 278-301). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1988. / 致謝 --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iii / 目錄 --- p.viii / 表次 --- p.xiv / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究意義及其重要性 --- p.8 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究問題背景 --- p.15 / Chapter 第三節 --- 報告撰寫之計畫 --- p.30 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻探討(一)── 社會支援網路與生活適應的理論和概念 --- p.33 / Chapter 第一節 --- 社會支援網路的理論與概念 --- p.33 / Chapter 第二節 --- 生活適應的理論與概念 --- p.44 / Chapter 第三章 --- 文獻探討(二)──社會支援網路與老年人生活適應之有關研究報告 --- p.62 / 總結 --- p.84 / Chapter 第四章 --- 研究方法 --- p.89 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究問題 --- p.89 / Chapter 第二節 --- 名詞之操作性定義與研究變項的測量 --- p.93 / Chapter 第三節 --- 研究設計 --- p.101 / Chapter 第四節 --- 研究母體、樣本與資料收集 --- p.103 / Chapter 第五節 --- 研究限制 --- p.112 / Chapter 第五章 --- 研究結果(一)── 研究對象的基本特性 --- p.118 / Chapter 第一節 --- 個人資料 --- p.119 / Chapter 第二節 --- 老年人入住敬老所之前的基本資料特徵 --- p.127 / Chapter 第三節 --- 老年人的健康狀況與行動能力 --- p.143 / 總結 --- p.148 / Chapter 第六章 --- 研究結果(二)──研究對象的社會支援網路 --- p.150 / Chapter 第一節 --- 仁愛之家老年人的正式社會支援網路情況 --- p.151 / Chapter 第二節 --- 仁愛之家老年人的非正式社會支援網路中的家人、親戚及所外朋友之情況 --- p.165 / Chapter 第三節 --- 老年人與非正式社會支援網路中的所內院友及知己朋友交往之情況 --- p.183 / Chapter 第四節 --- 老年人對社會支援網路的看法與感受 --- p.190 / 總結 --- p.204 / Chapter 第七章 --- 研究結果(三)── 研究對象的生活適應及其與社會支援網路之關係 --- p.207 / Chapter 第一節 --- 仁愛之家老年人的生活適應之情況 --- p.209 / Chapter 第二節 --- 老年人的基本特性與生活適應之關係 --- p.224 / Chapter 第三節 --- 社會支援網路與老年人生活適應之關係 --- p.230 / 總結 --- p.245 / Chapter 第八章 --- 摘要、討論與具體建議 --- p.248 / 參考書目 --- p.278 / Chapter 附錄表一 --- 老年人的健康狀況分佈表 --- p.302 / Chapter 附錄表二 --- 老年人的生活滿意指標LSI --- p.303 / Chapter 附錄表三 --- 老年人在生活環境的體驗與感受分佈表 --- p.306 / Chapter 附錄 --- 老年人之社會支援網路與生活適應之研究問卷 --- p.307

Leung Wai-Chung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-62). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; appendix in Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.2 / ABSTRACT --- p.3 / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.5 / INTRODUCTION --- p.6 / Chapter PART 1 --- VALIDATION OF PANCULTURAL LIFE SATISFACTION MODEL --- p.8 / Chapter PART 2 --- INCORPORATING OPTIMISM IN THE LIFE SATISFACTION MODEL --- p.21 / Chapter PART 3 --- INVESTIGATION OF MEDIATING EFFECT OF HEALTH & FINANCE --- p.32 / CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS --- p.41 / REFERENCES --- p.44 / FOOTNOTES --- p.57 / LIST OF TABLES --- p.65 / TABLE 1 TO TABLE 8 --- p.66 / FIGURE CAPTIONS --- p.77 / FIGURE 1 TO FIGURE 4 --- p.78 / APPENDIX 1 --- p.82 / APPENDIX 2 --- p.83

Lee Shirley. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-184). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Being Old and the Concept of Old Age --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Pursuit of a Meaningful Life in Old Age --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Gender and the Pursuit of Meanings in Old Age --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Health and the Pursuit of Meanings in Old Age --- p.96 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Money and the Pursuit of Meanings in Old Age --- p.118 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Death and the Pursuit of Meanings in Old Age --- p.137 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Conclusion --- p.156 / Appendix --- p.176 / Bibliography --- p.178