Busca enriquecer la carne de cuy (Cavia porcellus) con ácidos grasos omega-3, EPA y DHA, mediante el uso de aceite crudo de pescado como fuente de ⍵-3. Se utilizaron 90 cuyes machos raza Perú, con una edad promedio de 21 días de edad y con un peso inicial de 350 g. Los cuyes se asignaron al azar a tres tratamientos con quince repeticiones (pozas) de dos cuyes cada una. Los tratamientos fueron: dieta control, dieta suplementada con 1.0% de aceite crudo de pescado y dieta suplementada con 2.0% de aceite crudo de pescado. La fase experimental tuvo una duración de 29 días. La carne de cuyes alimentados con la dieta con aceite crudo de pescado al 1% presentó 0.28 % de ⍵-3 de cadena larga (0.1% ácido eicosapentaenoico [EPA] + 0.18% ácido docosahexaenoico [DHA]) y aquella con dieta con aceite de pescado al 2% alcanzó 0.65% de ⍵-3 (0.18% EPA + 0.47% DHA). Las carnes de cuyes alimentados con la dieta control no presentaron ⍵-3 de cadena larga EPA/DHA. Asimismo, la carne de cuyes alimentados con la dieta con 1% de aceite crudo de pescado exhibió el más alto contenido de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (44.96%) y el menor de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (25.12%) y de ácidos grasos saturados (29.19%), respecto a la dieta suplementada con 2% de aceite crudo de pescado. Se concluye que las dietas suplementadas con aceite de pescado produjo en la carne de cuy una retención de ácidos grasos ⍵-3 EPA y DHA. / Tesis

Chronic inflammation has been linked to cancer. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most pro-inflammatory lipid and one of the downstream products of 2 isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes: COX-1 and COX-2. Although both COX isoforms have similar structure and function, they are encoded by different genes and show distinct expression patterns. COX-1 is expressed in most cells and tissues and remains constant under most physiologic conditions to play a housekeeping role whereas the COX-2 form is inducible and usually only expressed in response to various inflammatory stimuli. COX enzymes may be involved in both tumor establishment and maintenance of existing tumors. PGE2 exerts its effects on target cells by coupling to four subtypes of receptors which have been classified as EP1-4. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and mainly occurs in older women. Prevention may be the best approach to reduce ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women and the most lethal gynecological malignancy. There are at least 3 well established risk factors for ovarian cancer: age, family history and environmental factors. Ovarian cancer is mainly seen in older women when their ovaries are not reproductively functional. Close to half of the women with ovarian cancer (48%) are in the age group of 65 or older. Epidemiological and preclinical studies indicate that increased dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids (OM-3FAs) reduces the incidence and growth of various cancers. Thus, increasing the consumption of OM-3FAs may be a nontoxic way to prevent or suppress ovarian cancer. Flaxseed is the richest vegetable source of omega-3 fatty acids which may be effective in the prevention of ovarian cancer. Fish oil is a source of OM-3FAs which may be effective in prevention of ovarian cancer. The main OM-6FA, Linoleic Acid (LA), is a direct precursor of the Arachidonic Acid (AA). Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is the main OM-3FA found in flax oil, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the OM-3FAs in fish oil. ALA is elongated to form EPA and DHA in the intestine. Celecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug that selectively inhibits COX-2. There are evidences showing that Celecoxib has some anti-cancer properties. Progress in the treatment and prevention of ovarian cancer has been hampered due to the lack of an appropriate animal model and absence of effective chemo-prevention strategies. The domestic hens spontaneously develop ovarian adenocarcinomas that share similar histological appearance and symptoms such as ascites and metastasis with humans. Our first objective was to investigate the effect of flaxseed supplementation for one year on ovarian cancer and correlate its effects to expression of COX enzymes and concentrations of prostaglandins. White Leghorn hens were fed 10% flaxseed-enriched or standard diet for one year. The severity of ovarian cancer was determined by gross pathology and histology. COX-1 and COX-2 localization and protein and mRNA expression and PGE2 and PGE3 concentrations in ovaries were measured by Immunohistochemistry, western blot, quantitative real-time PCR and LC-MS-MS, respectively. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in late stage ovarian tumors in the flaxseed-fed hens compared with the control diet-fed hens. In correlation with decreased ovarian cancer severity, concentrations of PGE2 and expression of COX-2 were diminished in ovaries of flaxseed-fed hens. PGE3 concentrations were below the level of detection. The results demonstrated that in normal ovaries, COX-1 was localized to the granulosa cell layer surrounding the follicles and ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) whereas COX-2 protein was localized to the granulosa cell layer in the follicle. Extensive COX-1 and COX-2 protein expression was found throughout the ovarian carcinoma. Our findings suggest that the flaxseed-mediated reduction in the severity of ovarian cancer in hens is correlated to the reduction in PGE2 in the ovaries of flaxseed-fed hens. Since no effect on ovarian cancer incidence was detected after feeding the 2. 5 year old hens with 10% flaxseed for 1 year, we designed a long-term study using 6 month old hens. Our objectives were: 1) to examine the expression of COX enzymes and PGE2 levels in ovaries and correlate them to ovarian cancer and aging 2) to determine if long-term consumption of a flaxseed enriched diet decreases ovarian cancer severity and incidence in the laying hen and to investigate its potential correlation with the expression of COX enzymes and PGE2 concentration. White Leghorn hens were fed 10% flaxseed-enriched or standard diet for 4 years. The severity and incidence of ovarian cancer were determined by gross pathology and histology. COX-1 and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression and PGE2 concentrations in ovaries were measured by western blot, quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Our results indicated an increase in ovarian cancer incidence and expression of both COX enzymes in ovaries of older hens. In correlation with ovarian cancer incidence and COX enzymes expression, PGE2 concentrations were elevated with age. Ovaries with tumor had elevated COX-1 expression and PGE2 concentration compared to normal ovaries. Our findings suggest that the up-regulation of COX enzymes with age is the main contributing factor in the age associated increase in PGE2. Furthermore, elevated PGE2 in ovaries of hens concomitant with age suggests its important role in early stages of ovarian carcinogenesis. The results demonstrated that there was a reduction in ovarian cancer severity and incidence in hens fed flaxseed diet. In correlation with decreased ovarian cancer severity and incidence, concentration of PGE2 and expression of COX-2 were diminished in ovaries of hens fed flaxseed. Our findings suggest that the lower levels of COX-2 and PGE2 are the main contributing factors in the chemo-suppressive role of long-term flaxseed consumption in ovarian cancer in laying hens. These findings may provide the basis for clinical trials of dietary intervention targeting prostaglandin biosynthesis for the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer. Based on our previous findings, targeting COX expression and prostaglandin biosynthesis by dietary intervention using OM-3FAs and selective COX inhibitor can be an effective approach to prevent or suppress ovarian cancer. Thus, we conducted a series of studies to assess effect of fish oil, flax oil, Celecoxib, fish oil and Celecoxib combined or flax oil and Celecoxib combined on COX-1 and COX-2 expression, PGE2 concentrations, proliferation and apoptosis in normal and cancerous ovaries of laying hens. This study had not been performed in hens before, thus the first step was to find the optimum doses. In order to do so, we utilized one year old hens, divided them to groups of 6 hens, and fed them different doses of fish oil (50, 100, 175, 375 and 700 mg/kg), flax oil (100, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg) or Celecoxib (35, 65 and 100 mg/kg) for three weeks. The OM3-FAs andomega-6 fatty acids contents of egg yolks were determined by gas chromatography. Proliferation, apoptosis,COX-1, COX-2 and prostaglandin receptor subtype 4 (EP4) protein and mRNA expression and PGE2 concentration in ovaries were measured by PCNA, TUNEL, western blot, quantitative real-time qPCR and ELISA, respectively. The results indicated that 100 mg/kg fish oil was the most effective dose in reducing COX enzymes and PGE2, and increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation in ovaries. The lower doses of fish oil incorporated more OM-3FAs into yolks, reduced OM-6FAs and increased the egg laying frequency but did not affect EP4 expression. Unlike fish oil, the highest dose of flax oil (1500 mg/kg) caused the most significant reduction in COX expression and PGE2 concentration. Celecoxib was not perfectly selective in targeting COX-2, however, treating the hens with 65 mg/kg Celecoxib resulted in the most significant amelioration of PGE2 levels in ovaries. Using the optimum doses of fish oil, flax oil and Celecoxib, we aimed to investigate if these components can alter ovarian cancer end-points in normal and cancerous hen ovaries. There is an adverse relation between ovulation and health of ovaries. Thus, 3-4 year old hens were monitored for egg laying frequency and the hens with the least ovulation rate were selected for health assessment. The hens presenting poor health were scanned using ultrasound and if tumor mass and/or ascites were detected, they were chosen for this study. The hens with normal and cancerous ovaries were divided to groups and were fed fish oil, flax oil, Celecoxib, fish oil and Celecoxib combined, or flax oil and Celecoxib combined for 42 days. The results showed that fish oil and flax oil increased the incorporation of OM-3FAs into egg yolks in both normal and cancerous ovaries of hens. Fish oil reduced COX-1 and COX-2 in normal and cancerous ovaries. Fish oil, flax oil and Celecoxib reduced the COX-2 expression in ovaries. Combination of fish oil and Celecoxib and flax oil and Celecoxib decreased COX and PGE2 more than each of these treatments alone. The cancerous ovaries of hens treated with fish oil, flax oil, Celecoxib, and flax oil and Celecoxib combined increased the percentage of apoptotic cells compared to cancerous ovaries of control hens. The cancerous ovaries of hens treated with fish oil and Celecoxib had the highest number of apoptotic cells indicating that the combination of fish oil and Celecoxib is more effective than fish oil or Celecoxib alone. To our knowledge the present study provides the first insight into the efficacy of fish oil, flax oil, Celecoxib, alone or combined on the reduction of COX enzyme expression, PGE2 concentration and apoptosis in the normal and cancerous ovaries and further demonstrates the utility of the hen model for ovarian cancer. Our studies provided new insight into the potential mechanism of action of flaxseed, fish oil, flax oil and Celecoxib in the reduction of ovarian cancer and will establish the foundation for clinical trials to test the efficacy of dietary intervention for the prevention and suppression of ovarian cancer in women.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-28 / Alguns estudos apontam para o efeito benéfico do uso isolado de Ginkgo biloba ou ômega 3 na cognição de idosos. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar se o uso associado destas duas substâncias potencializa a melhora cognitiva em mulheres idosas (n=43), de 60 a 70 anos, saudáveis e com escolaridade igual ou superior a oito anos. Realizou-se um estudo duplo-cego, placebo controlado e randomizado. As substâncias foram administradas por 3 meses, de acordo com o grupo de tratamento: placebo+placebo (n=12), ginkgo+placebo (n=10), ômega3+placebo (n=11) e, ômega3+ginkgo (n=10). Os comprimidos continham 80 mg de extrato seco de Ginkgo biloba e as cápsulas, 1 g de óleo de peixe (rico em ômega 3). Exames laboratoriais, testes cognitivos e escalas para ansiedade, depressão e qualidade de vida foram aplicadas no início e ao final do tratamento. Não encontramos melhoras na funções cognitivas avaliadas em nenhum dos quatro grupos. A ação conjunta de uma série de fatores podem ser destacados para auxiliar a compreensão dos resultados finais, como o tempo de tratamento, doses insuficientes das substâncias, alta escolaridade das idosas e pequeno número de sujeitos em cada grupo. A comparação da literatura com nossos achados demonstrou que não há um consenso sobre os testes cognitivos a serem utilizados, as doses e tempo de uso das duas substâncias. / Several studies point to the beneficial effect of Ginkgo biloba and omega 3 on cognition in the elderly. The objective of this research was to verify whether the combined use of these substances enhances the cognitive functioning. The study was conceived as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Altogether, 43 subjects between 60 and 70 years old, female, healthy, with more than 8 years of formal education, have ingested substances on a daily basis, for three months, according to the assigned treatment group: placebo+placebo (n=12), ginkgo+placebo (n=10), ômega3+placebo (n=11), ômega3+ginkgo (n=10), in the form of capsules that could contain 80 mg of ginkgo, 1 gram of fish oil (rich in omega 3) or placebo. Unlike other studies, we found no improvement in cognition of/in any of the four groups. The hypotheses suggested are: time of treatment or insufficient doses of substances. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da alimentação na composição de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros terminados em pastagens tropicais. Foram utilizados seis cordeiros testers com idade média de quatro meses, castrados e desmamados, por parcela, em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Os tratatamentos consistiam em: 1) Somente capim aruana; 2) Capim aruana e suplementação concentrada - 1,5% do PC; 3) Capim aruana e suplementação concentrada - 2,5% do P.C. e 4) Capim aruana e suplementação com Feijão Guandú (pastejo controlado – 3h/dia em piquete anexo). Os animais tinham livre acesso à água e sal mineral. Ao final de 90 dias os animais foram abatidos. As carcaças foram seccionadas ao meio e na meia carcaça esquerda coletou-se o corte do L. thoracis para posterior análise lipídica por cromatografia gasosa. Foi realizada análise de variância para testar o efeito dos tratamentos sobre o perfil lipídico do lombo e foram calculados os índices de Aterogenicidade (IA) e Trombogenicidade (IT) e relação de ácidos graxos hipocolesterolêmicos e hipercolesterolêmicos (h/H). Não houve efeito do sistema de alimentação em importantes ácidos graxos como, palmítico, esteárico, total de n-6 e total de ácidos graxos saturados. Já os ácidos graxos oleico, linoleico, CLA, linolênico, totais de monoinsaturados e polinsaturados, n-3 e relações, e também os ácidos graxos de cadeia longa EPA e DHA diferiram entre os tratamentos, com maiores concentrações nos tratamentos com somente aruana e aruana + feijão guandu. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para os IA e IT e relação h/H, no entanto os valores encontrados para a relação h/H foram favoráveis em todos os tratamentos. Esses resultados indicaram que os sistemas de alimentação sem inclusão de concentrado são favoráveis à modificação do perfil lipídico elevando o teor de AG desejáveis. / This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diet on fatty acid composition of meat from lambs finished in tropical pastures. We used six testers lambs with an average age of four months, castrated and weaned per plot in a block design at random. The tratataments were: 1) Only aruana grass; 2) aruana grass and concentrate supplementation - 1.5% of B.W.; 3) aruana grass and concentrate supplementation - 2.5% of BW and 4) aruana grass and supplementation - pigeonpea (controlled grazing - 3h/day attached picket). The animals had free access to water and mineral salt. After 90 days of experiment the animals were slaughtered. The carcasses were cut longitudinally on right side and left side. A portion of L. thoracis was cut between the 12th and 13 th rib for further lipid analysis by gas chromatography. Analysis of variance was performed to test the effect of treatment on the meat lipid profile. Atherogenicity Index (AI), thrombogenicity index (TI) and the hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids ratio (h/H) were calculated. There was no effect of the feed system in many important fatty acids, such as palmitic, stearic, total n-6 and total saturated fatty acids. In contrat, an effect of the feeding systems was observed for, oleic acid, linoleic acid, CLA, linolenic, total monounsaturated and polyunsaturated, n-3 and relations.The feeding systems also affecte the concentration of long chain fatty acids as EPA and DHA, which were present in higher concentrations for lambs that grazed only aruana and aruana + pigeonpea. There was feeding system effect for the AI and TI index and ratio h/H, however the values found for the h/H ratio were favorable in all treatments. These results indicates that the feeding systems without concentrate inclusion promote better lipid profile on lamb meat.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tardivo_ap_dr_botfm.pdf: 497828 bytes, checksum: d23b5ed6b9c6aaf34c25e5415c20c591 (MD5) / Avaliar o efeito da dieta isolada ou associada à suplementação de Ômega-3 sobre os marcadores metabólicos e inflamatórios em mulheres na pós-menopausa com síndrome metabólica (SM). Estudo prospectivo e aberto, envolvendo 87 mulheres na pós-menopausa (idade 45 anos e amenorréia ≥ 12 meses) com diagnóstico de SM, atendidas em Ambulatório de Especialidades, de junho de 2010 a dezembro de 2011. Critérios de não-inclusão: doença cardiovascular, diabetes insulino-dependente, câncer, doenças autoimunes e uso de estatinas ou terapia hormonal. As pacientes foram randomizadas a dieta isolada (n=43, controle) ou associada à suplementação de Ômega-3, 900mg/dia, via oral (n=44). Todas as pacientes foram submetidas à prescrição dietética individualizada. Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas, bioquímicas e perfil inflamatório que incluiu proteína C-Reativa (PCR), fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF- α) e interleucinas (IL-1β e IL-6). O tempo de intervenção foi de seis meses, com avaliações nos momentos, inicial e final. Para análise estatística foram empregados Teste t-student, ANOVA e Teste de Tukey. O estudo foi concluído com 30 pacientes sob dieta isolada e 33 sob dieta + Ômega-3. Na comparação entre os momentos inicial e após seis meses, encontrou-se redução significativa nos valores do índice de massa corpórea e na circunferência da cintura nos dois grupos (p<0,05), sem mudanças significantes na gordura corporal ou massa muscular (p>0,05). No grupo dieta + Ômega-3 foi observado redução significante na pressão sistólica (-12,2%) e diastólica (-8,2%); e nos valores médios de triglicerídeos (-21,4%), insulina (-11,6%) e na resistência a insulina (-13,1%) (p<0,05). E no perfil inflamatório encontrou-se redução significativa apenas no valor médio de IL-6 (-28,5%) (p=0,034). Em mulheres... / To evaluate the effect of diet alone or combined with omega-3 supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this prospective, open, randomized study, 87 women (age ≥ 45 years and amenorrhea ≥ 12 months) with MetS, seeking health care at a public outpatient center of the Botucatu Medical School-UNESP, from June 2010 to December 2011 were included. Exclusion criteria were: cardiovascular disease, insulin-dependent diabetes, cancer, autoimmune diseases and use of statins or hormone therapy. Participants were randomized to diet alone (n = 43, control) or associated with Omega-3 supplementation, 900mg/dia orally (n = 44). All women underwent individualized dietary prescription. Clinic, anthropometric (body mass index, BMI and waist circumference, (WC), biochemical variables were measured. Inflammatory profile included C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6). The intervention time was six months, with assessments at initial and final moments. Statistical analysis employed Student's t-test, ANOVA and Tukey test. In the comparison of baseline clinical characteristics between the groups (diet alone or diet + Omega-3) no significant differences were observed, with aged 55.0 ± 7.3 vs 55.1 ± 6.6 years; duration of menopause 7.0 ± 4.9 vs 7.2 ± 44.9 years; and BMI 32.0 ± 4.6 vs 32.8 ± 4.7 kg/m2, respectively (p>0.05). Of the 87 women, 30 with diet alone and 33 with diet + Omega-3 completed the study. At the end, there were a significant reduction in BMI and WC in two groups (p<0.05) without significant changes in body fat or muscle mass. Intervention with diet + Omega-3 was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-11. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000833526.pdf: 449674 bytes, checksum: d7b3b7210fd8b3966db205b85ae0b9fb (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características físico-químicas, sensoriais e nutricionais de diferentes músculos de cordeiros Ile de France terminados em confinamento, recebendo dietas sem e com inclusões de glicerina, em substituição ao milho. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros machos não castrados com aproximadamente 45 dias de idade e 15 ± 0,2 kg de peso corporal, alojados em baias individuais e abatidos aos 32,0 ± 0,2 kg. Os tratamentos foram compostos por três dietas: D0 - cana-de-açúcar + concentrado; D10 - cana-de-açúcar + concentrado + 10% de glicerina e D20 - cana-de-açúcar + concentrado + 20% de glicerina; e três músculos: Triceps brachii, Semimembranosus e Longissimus lumborum. Não foi observada interação (P>0,05) entre as dietas e os tipos de músculo em todas as características qualitativas avaliadas. Os músculos dos cordeiros são semelhantes quanto às características físico-químicas, sensoriais e nutricionais, tanto que só diferiram (P<0,05) no comprimento de sarcômero, diâmetro das fibras musculares e teor de colesterol. A inclusão de glicerina na dieta dos cordeiros não afetou (P>0,05) as características físico-químicas pH, temperatura, capacidade de retenção de água (24h e 30 dias após o abate), perdas de peso por descongelamento e cocção, força de cisalhamento, diâmetro das fibras musculares, comprimento de sarcômero, oxidação lipídica, os atributos sensoriais, a composição centesimal e o teor de colesterol da carne. Houve efeito linear (P<0,05) decrescente para as variáveis b* (intensidade de amarelo) nos músculos (3,79 para 3,09) e na gordura subcutânea (8,20 para 7,02). No perfil de ácidos graxos da gordura intramuscular, houve efeito (P<0,05) da inclusão de glicerina, com elevações na concentração do ácido heptadecanoico (1,64 para 2,61%) e no somatório dos ácidos ... / This trial aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, sensory and nutritional characteristics of different muscles from lambs fed diets without and with glycerin inclusions, replacing corn. Thirty Ile de France non-castrated lambs with 45 days of age and about 15 ± 0,2 kg of body weight were confined in individual pens and slaughtered at 32 ± 0,2 kg. The treatments consisted of three diets: D0 - sugar cane + concentrate; D10 - sugar cane + concentrate + 10% glycerin and D20 - sugar cane + concentrate + 20% glycerin; and three muscles: Triceps brachii, Semimembranosus and Longissimus lumborum. No interactions were observed (P>0.05) between treatments and types of muscle in all the evaluated quality characteristics. The muscles of the lambs are similar in terms of physical-chemical, sensory and nutritional characteristics, so that only differ (P<0.05) in sarcomere length, diameter of muscle fibers and cholesterol content. The inclusion of glycerin in the diets of the lambs did not affect (P>0.05) the physicochemical characteristics pH, temperature, water holding capacity (24 hours and 30 days after slaughter), weight loss by thawing and cooking, strength shear, diameter of muscle fibers, sarcomere length, lipid oxidation, sensory attributes, chemical composition and meat cholesterol content. There were linear effect (P<0.05) with decrease on the variable b * (yellow intensity) of the muscles (3.79 to 3.09) and subcutaneous fat (8.20 to 7.02). In the fatty acid profile of the intramuscular fat, there were effects (P<0.05) of the glycerin inclusions, with increase in the concentration of heptadecanoic acid (1.64 to 2.61%) and sum of the fatty acids of the omega-family 3 (0.10 to 0.18%) and decrease in omega-6:omega-3 ratio (33.70 to 19.63). The inclusion of glycerin in the diet, replacing corn, did not affect the quality characteristics of the meat, confirming the possibility of using this co-product of the production of Biodiesel in ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-08Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:21:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000791767.pdf: 752200 bytes, checksum: f4890ba1c885476ec1a2884bcb7556b0 (MD5) / Avaliaram - se os efeito s da adição de óleo ou farelo de linhaça na dieta de ovelhas em lactação , sob re a produção, composição centesimal e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite , especialmente sobre o conteúdo de ácido rumênico (CLA) e ômega 3 . Foram utilizadas 70 ovelhas distribuídas, 15 dias antes do parto , homogeneamente por idade, ordem de parição, peso e escore de condição corporal em três tratamentos: Controle (CT) – concentrado sem adição de óleo ou farelo de linhaça; Óleo de linhaça (OL) – concentrado com adição de 3% de OL (%MS) e Farelo de linhaça (FL) – concentrado com adição de 15% de FL (%MS). As o velhas foram confinadas em baias coletivas e consumiram dieta composta por 60% de silagem de milho e 40% de concentrado. Realizou - se a ordenha uma vez ao dia, no período da manhã, com a produção de leite mensurada diariamente. Para análise do perfil de áci dos graxos as amostras de leite foram colhidas a cada 14 dias, a partir do quinto dia de lactação e para composição centesimal a partir do primeiro dia de ordenha. A suplementação lipídica não influenciou a produção e a composição centesimal do leite. Os m aiores teores de CLA e do ácido graxo α - linolênico foram observados no leite das ovelhas que consumiram óleo de linhaça ... / The objective in this trial was to determine the effects of feed ing diets with linseed oil ( O L) or flaxseed meal (F M ) on milk production, its components and milk fatty acid profile, especia lly over the content of rume nic acid (CLA) and O mega 3 . Seventy ewes were distributed in three groups: Control (C) - no lipids, Lin seed (L) – with addition of 3% of OL (DM basis) and Flaxseed (F) – with addition of 15% of FM (DM basis). Ewe remained confined in collective pens and received diet containing 60% corn silage and 40% concentrate. They are mechanically milked once a day and had their productions controlled. Milk samples for analysis of fatty acid profiles were collected every 14 days from the fifth day of lactation and proximate composition from the first day of milking. The production and proximate composition of milk were not affected by treatments. The highest levels of CLA and α - linolenic fatty acid were observed in the milk of sheep that consumed flaxseed oil, like the lower levels of saturated fatty acids. The highest levels of Omega 3 (EPA and DHA) were obtained from t he milk of sheep that consumed flaxseed meal. The results of this study suggest that lipid supplementation with flaxseed to lactating ewes improves the nutritional quality of milk, especially with the use of flaxseed ...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06-24Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000793393_20160630.pdf: 58766 bytes, checksum: 28d73643330edc921da6c93a84455f3d (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-07-01T13:02:15Z: 000793393_20160630.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-01T13:03:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000793393.pdf: 451608 bytes, checksum: d0d0415afd5814c83407f5972fe8d9fc (MD5) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar de forma comparativa o perfil lipídico sérico e de ácidos graxos do tecido adiposo entre cadelas controle e com tumores mamários. Foram utilizados 20 cadelas hígidas, não castradas, sem evidência à palpação de nódulos mamários, e 20 cadelas com neoplasia mamária já sugerida pelo exame de citologia aspirativa por agulha fina. Todos os animais foram submetidos à anamnese geral e específica do histórico nutricional e reprodutivo. Foi realizado o exame físico para a determinação do escore corporal, e no grupo com tumor de mama a classificação clínica (TNM) e o exame histopatológico dos tumores mamários. Para a avaliação do perfil lipídico sérico foi realizada a dosagem do colesterol total e triglicérides. Foi utilizada a cromatografia gasosa para a identificação dos ésteres metílicos dos ácidos graxos do tecido adiposo abdominal das cadelas submetidas à cirurgia. Os ácidos graxos foram expressos em porcentagem da fração lipídica de cada ácido graxo em relação ao conteúdo total de ácidos graxos da amostra de cada animal. Os dois grupos avaliados eram alimentados, em sua maioria (80%), por ração comercial e alimento caseiro. A alimentação caseira, em sua maior parte, era a mesma preparada para os proprietário, em sua maioria foi relatado o uso de óleo de soja e a carne mais fornecida era a bovina. Houve uma número maior de animais que recebiam alimentação caseira preparada com óleo de soja no grupo de cadelas com tumores mamários. Não houve uma associação da obesidade e dos níveis séricos de colesterol total e triglicérides com o risco de desenvolvimento de tumores mamários em cadelas. A quantificação relativa dos níveis de ácido alfa-linolênico (C 18:3) e cis-linoleico (C18:2) não apresentaram diferença quando comparado o grupo controle e com tumor de mama. A relação de ômega-6/ômega-3 no grupo controle foi 21:1 e no grupo com tumor de ... / The aim of this study was to analyze comparatively the lipid profile in serum and fatty acid profile in adipose tissue from dogs with and without mammary tumors. Twenty bitches, all healthy, none spayed, and that had non mammary tumor evidence during palpation (control group) and twenty bitches with mammary tumor, already diagnosed using fine needle aspiration cytology, were used in this study. All animals were submitted to anamnesis, general and specific to nutritional and reproductive history. A physical exam was performed in order to determine the body condition of those animals, and in the group of animals with neoplasia, a clinical (TNM) and a histopathology exam were performed in the tumors. To evaluate the serum lipid profile the triglycerides and total cholesterol were measured. Gas chromatography was used to identify methyl esters from fatty acid obtained from abdominal adipose tissue from the dogs during surgery. All fatty acids were expressed in percentage of lipid fraction of each fatty acid in relation to total content in each sample from each animal. Both groups (80%) were fed with commercial dog food adding homemade food. When homemade food was used, usually it was the same prepared for the human consumption, most of them used soy oil to prepare and beef was the most provided kind of protein. None association between obesity, serum total cholesterol levels and triglycerides increasing the risk of development mammary tumors were observed in this study. Total cholesterol and triglycerides serum levels average had higher values in animals that were overweight or morbid obese. Alfa-linoleic (C 18:3) and cis-linoleic acid (C 18:2) levels did not had any difference when comparing control group and tumor group. The proportion of omega6/omega3 in control group was 21:1 and in tumor group it was 23:1. None correlation was found between the fatty acid profile in the adipose tissue with histopathology classification of tumors and ...

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / J. S. Drouillard / The main goal of this dissertation was to evaluate different methods to protect polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) against biohydrogenation by ruminal microorganisms. The first chapter is a review of literature pertaining to fat and fatty acid metabolism by ruminants and why these fats are relevant in human nutrition. The second chapter discusses effects of supplementing high concentrations of dietary copper to feedlot cattle to assess impact on PUFA profiles in tissues. Two levels of copper (10 or 100 mg/kg) were supplemented to diets with or without flaxseed during the finishing period for beef heifers. Added copper did not affect performance (P > 0.15). Final body weights were similar for cattle fed with or without flaxseed (P > 0.05), but cattle fed diets with flaxseed consumed less feed (P < 0.05), and therefore were more efficient (P < 0.01). Carcass traits were unaffected by treatment. Feeding elevated levels of copper did not appreciably alter proportions of PUFA in plasma, but plasma concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids were greater for heifers fed flaxseed (P < 0.05). Chapter 3 describes the evaluation of 3 novel methods to protect PUFA from microbial biohydrogenation activity within the rumen, including a) coextrusion of flaxseed with molasses; b) mixing with soybean meal followed by induction of a non-enzymatic browning reaction; and c) encapsulation of ground flaxseed within a matrix consisting of dolomitic lime hydrate (L-Flaxseed). The resulting products were evaluated using in vitro methods to estimate resistance to biohydrogenation or in 12- to 14-d feeding studies in which plasma concentrations of [alpha]-linolenic acid (ALA) were measured. Our processing strategies a) and b) did not improve efficiency of omega-3 fatty acid utilization (P > 0.1). The in situ study of L-flaxseed revealed a 2-fold increase in resistance of ALA to ruminal biohydrogenation, and the concentration in plasma after 14 d on feed was more than 4 times that observed in cattle fed ground flaxseed, suggesting the dolomitic lime hydrate was effective as a protective matrix. Chapter 4 evaluated performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of finishing beef heifers in response to feeding diets containing L-Flaxseed. Animals were blocked by weight, randomly assigned to individual pens, and pens to 6 dietary treatments: Control (high concentrate finishing diet), ground flaxseed fed at 3 or 6% of diet DM, L-Flaxseed fed at 2, 4, or 6%. Concentration of ALA in meat increased linearly in response to the level of flaxseed fed (P < 0.05); Moreover, transfer of dietary ALA to tissues increased by 47% when flaxseed was encapsulated within the dolomitic lime matrix. Cattle that were fed diets with 4 or 6% L-Flaxseed consumed less feed than other treatments (P < 0.05), which adversely affected feedlot performance and carcass traits.

Submitted by MARIANE MAFFEI AZUMA null (mariane_azuma@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-17T00:34:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 16-10-17 TESE-Mariane.pdf: 56309410 bytes, checksum: 029a387b6b6982b449c514285f1d5efc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-18T19:09:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 azuma_mm_dr_araca.pdf: 56309410 bytes, checksum: 029a387b6b6982b449c514285f1d5efc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T19:09:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 azuma_mm_dr_araca.pdf: 56309410 bytes, checksum: 029a387b6b6982b449c514285f1d5efc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da suplementação alimentar com os ácidos graxos ômega-3 no processo inflamatório local e sistêmico de ratos com periodontite apical (PA). Foram utilizados 40 ratos da linhagem Wistar distribuídos em quatro grupos (n= 10): ratos controle (C); ratos suplementados com ômega-3 (C-O); ratos com PA induzida (PA); ratos com PA induzida suplementados com ômega-3 (PA-O). Para a indução da PA, as polpas dentárias foram expostas ao meio bucal durante 30 dias. O ômega-3 foi administrado pelo método gavage, uma vez ao dia, 15 dias antes da exposição pulpar e 30 dias depois da exposição pulpar. Após este período, o sangue foi coletado, por meio de punção cardíaca, para a realização do hemograma e quantificação sérica das citocinas pró-inflamatórias fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-), Interleucina 6 (IL-6) e Interleucina 17 (IL-17), pelo método ELISA. Após a coleta sanguínea, os ratos foram eutanasiados e as maxilas e mandíbulas foram coletadas e submetidas a processamento para análise histológica, em hematoxilina e eosina, bem como análise imunoistoquímica para os marcadores fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartrato (TRAP), osteocalcina (OCN), TNF-, IL-6, IL-17, Interleucina 1 (IL-1) e Interleucina 10 (IL-10). Os resultados foram analisados por testes estatísticos específicos para cada caso (p<0,05). O grupo PA apresentou infiltrado inflamatório mais intenso, bem como maior área de reabsorção óssea na região periapical quando comparado ao grupo PA-O (p<0,05). Além disso, observou-se maior número de osteoclastos e citocinas pró-inflamatórias, representadas por TNF-, IL-1, IL-6 e IL-17, bem como menor número de osteoblastos e da citocina anti-inflamatória IL-10 no grupo PA quando comparado ao grupo PA-O (p<0,05). Em relação às alterações sistêmicas, a presença de quatro focos de PA aumentou os níveis séricos de leucócitos, linfócitos, monócitos, TNF- e IL-6 (p<0,05) e a suplementação alimentar com os ácidos graxos ômega-3 diminuiu os níveis séricos de leucócitos e linfócitos de ratos com PA (p<0,05). Conclui-se que a suplementação alimentar com os ácidos graxos ômega-3 reduz o processo inflamatório e a reabsorção óssea da região periapical, bem como as células inflamatórias do sangue, de ratos com infecção endodôntica. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplement omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the local and systemic inflammatory response of rats with apical periodontitis (AP). Forty male rats were divided into groups: control untreated rats (C), control rats treated with omega 3 alone (C-O), rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis (AP), and rats with pulp exposure-induced AP treated with omega 3 (AP-O). The pulps were exposed to the oral environment during 30 days for the development of AP. Omega 3 was administered by gavage method, once a day, for 15 days before pulp exposure and, subsequently, 30 days after pulp exposure. After 30 days, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and subjected to blood count and the serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Interleukin 17 (IL-17) were measured using ELISA method. Subsequently, rats were killed and maxillae and jaws were collected and subjected to histologic analysis, using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed in order to detect TRAP-positive osteoclast cells (TRAP), Osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts cells (OCN), TNF-, IL-6, IL-17, Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10). Results from the different analysis were subjected to statistical analysis, using specific statistical methods according to each analysis (p<0.05). AP group showed more severe inflammatory infiltrate as well as higher area of bone resorption in the periapical region compared to AP-O group (p<0.05). Moreover, the number of TRAP-positive cells as well as proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 were higher in AP group compared to AP-O group (p <0.05). In addition, the number of OCN-positive cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 decreased in AP group compared to AP-O group (p<0.05). Regarding systemic alterations, the presence of four AP focus increased the serum levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, TNF-, and IL-6 (p<0.05). The dietary supplement with omega 3 decreased the serum levels of leukocytes and lymphocytes of rats with AP (p<0.05). It may be concluded that the dietary supplement with omega 3 fatty acids decrease the inflammatory process and the pathological bone resorption in the periapical region, as well as serum inflammatory cells of rats with apical periodontitis. / FAPESP: 2013/26390-0 / FAPESP: 2015/07107-0