Algoritmos exatos para fatoração estão limitados a funções Booleanas read-once, onde cada variável aparece uma vez na equação final. No entanto, estes algoritmos apresentam duas restrições principais: (1) eles não consideram funções Booleanas incompletamente especificadas, e (2) eles não são adequados para as funções binate. Para superar o primeiro inconveniente, é proposto um algoritmo que encontra equações read-once para funções Booleanas incompletamente especificadas, sempre que possível, é proposto. Com respeito à segunda limitação, é apresentada uma transformação de domínio que divide variáveis binate existentes em duas variáveis unate independentes. Tal transformação de domínio conduz a funções Booleanas incompletamente especificadas, que podem ser eficientemente fatoradas mediante a aplicação do algoritmo proposto. A combinação das duas contribuições dá resultados ótimos para uma nova classe de funções Booleanas chamada read-polarity-once, onde cada polaridade (positiva ou negativa) de uma variável aparece no máximo uma vez na forma fatorada da expressão Booleana. Resultados experimentais sobre circuitos ISCAS'85 mostrou que funções read-polarity-once são significativamente mais frequentes em circuitos reais quando comparado com a classe de funções read-once, a qual muitos trabalhos já foram dedicados na literatura. / Efficient exact factoring algorithms are limited to read-once functions, in which each variable appears once in the final Boolean equation. However, those algorithms present two main constraints: (1) they do not consider incompletely specified Boolean functions; and (2) they are not suitable for binate functions. To overcome the first drawback, it is proposed an algorithm that finds read-once formulas for incompletely specified Boolean functions, whenever possible. With respect to the second limitation, a domain transformation that splits existing binate variables into two independent unate variables is presented. Such domain transformation leads to incompletely specified Boolean functions, which can be efficiently factored by applying the proposed algorithm. The combination of both contributions gives optimal results for a novel broader class of Boolean functions named as read-polarity-once functions, where each polarity (positive or negative) of a variable appears at most once in the factored form. Experimental results over ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits have shown that read-polarityonce functions are significantly more frequent than read-once functions, for which many works have already been devoted in the literature.

A three-dimensional inversion was implemented for magnetotellurics, which is a passive electromagnetic method in geophysics. It exploits natural electromagnetic fields of the Earth, which function as sources. Their interaction with the conductive parts of the subsurface are registered when components of the electric and the magnetic field are measured and evaluated. The all-at-once approach is an inversion scheme that is relatively new to geophysics. In this approach, the objective function – the basis of each inversion – is called the Lagrangian. It consists of three parts: (i) the data residual norm, (ii) the regularisation part, and (iii) the forward problem. The latter is the significant difference to conventional inversion approaches that are built up of a forward calculation part and an inversion part. In the case of all-at-once, the forward problem is incorporated in the objective function and is therefore already taken into account in each inversion iteration. Thus, an explicit forward calculation is obsolete. As an objective function, the Lagrangian shall reach a minimum and therefore its first and second derivatives are evaluated. Hence, the gradient of the Lagrangian and its Hessian are constituent parts of the KKT system – the Newton-type system that is set up in the all-at-once inversion. Conventional inversion approaches avoid the Hessian because it is a large, dense, not positive definite matrix that is challenging to handle. However, it provides additional information to the inversion, which raises hope for a high quality inversion result. As a first step, the inversion was programmed for the more straightforward one-dimensional magnetotelluric case. This was particularly suitable to become familiar with sQMR – a Krylov subspace method which is essential for the three-dimensional case to be able to work with the Hessian and the resulting KKT system. After the implementation and validation of the one-dimensional forward operator, the Lagrangian and its derivatives were set up to complete the inversion, which successfully solved the KKT system. Accordingly, the three-dimensional forward operator also needed to be implemented and validated, which was done using published data from the 3D-2 COMMEMI model. To realise the inversion, the Lagrangian was assembled and its first and second derivatives were validated with a test that exploits the Taylor expansion. Then, the inversion was initially programmed for the Gauss-Newton approximation where second order information is neglected. Since the system matrix of the Gauss-Newton approximation is positive definite, the solution of this system of equations could be carried out by the conventional solver pcg. Based on that, the complete KKT system (Newton\\\'s method) was set up and preconditioned sQMR solved this system of equations.

Complex medication regimens have major implications on patient therapy. When we consider that these regimen therapies can also be further convoluted by co-morbidity, it is then seen as an essential opportunity to research possible solutions to alleviate such complications. Globally identified conditions such as the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) are known to have such complications within their respective regimens. In many cases, the regimental therapies themselves are overbearing with high pill burdens having to be taken in segregated manners throughout the day. Within a standard TB regimen, isoniazid and rifampicin are seen to have a deleterious drug-drug interaction in which the bioavailability is compromised through formation of an insoluble complex. Despite this interaction, the 2 active drugs must be taken concurrently for successful TB therapy. No true solution exists as fixed dose combinations of isoniazid and rifampicin (Rifinah®) are still in production despite the detrimental interaction that impedes successful bioavailability. The once daily multi-unit drug delivery system (ODMUS) has the benefits of superseding the described problems and aiding in therapeutic outcomes. Preliminary studies utilized preliminary testing to ascertain the science surrounding the 2 components of the ODMUS, the memblet and the multiparticulate components. pH-sensitive polymers (Eudragit® L100-55 and E 100) were of critical importance to the success of the system and were individually manipulated for each component to produce a novel memblet and multiparticulate system through a unique salting out approach. Primary studies focused on drug release testing and drug entrapment for the multiparticulate component. Testing of the memblet system addressed dissolution and thermal analysis. Utilizing this data, a series of process variables were used to achieve an optimized formulation through a Box- Behnken statistical design. Optimized formulations used response testing to establish the optimal characteristics of both components. Multiparticulates achieved controlled release for 12 hours with an enhanced 71% drug entrapment efficiency. Memblet release profiles were confirmed over 2 hours with a maximal Tg of 56°C. Molecular modeling corroborated release understanding for both components. Surface area and porosity analysis, surface morphology, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as thermal, rheological and mechanical analysis were additional tests undertaken on the optimized formulations. In vivo analysis was the final testing to verify validity of the ODMUS components and utilized a pig model for the investigation. UPLC blood analysis revealed increase blood levels of INH (CmaxINH= 0.0138ng/mL) and RIF (CmaxRIF= 0.052ng/mL) in relation to conventional dosage forms validating segregated site-specific release and increased bioavailability. Ideally, a segregated means of drug delivery throughout the gastrointestinal tract was achieved such that an enhanced bioavailability, a more controlled release and a simplified medication regimen was produced. This study aimed to achieve said goals through novel technique analysis, innovation and globally approved science to critically assess the success of the ODMUS as a potential means to reduce the complexities of medication regimen therapy.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-27T17:04:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_LARISSA_LAUFFER_REINHARDT_AZUBEL_COMPLETO.pdf: 10660852 bytes, checksum: 4e8a52c3c117a4f6147e315dbfd4baf9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T17:04:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_LARISSA_LAUFFER_REINHARDT_AZUBEL_COMPLETO.pdf: 10660852 bytes, checksum: 4e8a52c3c117a4f6147e315dbfd4baf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / This research seeks to comprehend the manifestation of the postmodern imaginary in the feeric serial narrative Once Upon a Time. Moved by this purpose, it goes through a path in which plots and characters suffer metamorphoses, to understand how the spirit of time shows itself up in the first season of this series. The key notions that guide it are of imaginary (and its technologies) and of postmodernity. But it also counts on the theoretical contribution of the fairy tales and of the television series. Through them, the Comprehensive Sociology, as method, and the Comprehensive Film Analysis of Serialized Narrative, as research technique, it launches into the cartography of Once Upon a Time in the field of Sociology Communication. With this theoretical and methodological basis, it deciphers the living imaginary micromuseum of this series, which reveals itself as a metaphor (if not, a caricature) of contemporary sociality. In addition, in the anthropological path of this research, it is proposed, among other theoretical advances, its own notions of imaginary, regime of contemporary images, postmodernity, communication and fairy tales. It is also suggested a new way of analyzing television series. / Esta pesquisa busca compreender a manifesta??o do imagin?rio p?s-moderno na narrativa fe?rica seriada Once Upon a Time. Movida por esse intuito, percorre o trajeto em que tramas e personagens passam por metamorfoses, para entender como o esp?rito do tempo se apresenta na primeira temporada da s?rie. As no??es-chave que a guiam s?o as de imagin?rio (e suas tecnologias) e de p?s-modernidade. Mas conta tamb?m com o aporte te?rico sobre contos de fadas e s?ries televisivas. Por meio delas, da Sociologia Compreensiva como m?todo e da An?lise F?lmica Compreensiva da Narrativa Seriada como t?cnica de pesquisa, lan?a-se ? cartografia de Once Upon a Time no ?mbito da Sociologia da Comunica??o. Com essa base, te?rica e metodol?gica, interpreta o micromuseu imagin?rio vivo da s?rie, o qual revela-se met?fora (sen?o, caricatura) da socialidade contempor?nea. Al?m disso, no trajeto antropol?gico desta pesquisa prop?e-se, entre outros avan?os te?ricos, no??es pr?prias de imagin?rio, regime das imagens contempor?neas, p?s-modernidade, comunica??o e contos de fadas. Sugere-se, ademais, uma nova forma de analisar s?ries televisivas.

Heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) play a very important role in combined cycle (CC) power plants, where steam is generated from a gas turbine exhaust and supplied at the appropriate pressure and temperature to steam turbines for further power generation. The power plants achieve an overall efficiency above 55% and are ideally suited for combined heat and power generation in utility systems. The performance of energy conversion is improved by reducing exergy losses which implies reducing the temperature difference between the combustion gas and the steam cycle. Thus recent HRSG designs include up to three pressure levels with reheat in the steam cycle for maximum energy recovery and the use of high pressure, high temperature superheater and reheater in CC plants. Super critical boilers are also conceivable. Since HRSG performance has a large impact on the overall efficiency of the CC power plant, an accurate simulation of the performance of the HRSG is necessary. We present a steady state HRSG model to support design and rating simulations of vertical units. The simulation model, called FELVAL, divides the boiler in its rows. The row model can also be divided several times following the tube length, to better estimate the fumes temperature distribution across the hot gas path. Another model, called SUFVAL, carries out the design as well as the automatic generation of the FELVAL units and all the needed connections. The log mean temperature difference (LMTD) method and the effectiveness-NTU (ε -NTU) method are alternatively used to compute the overall heat transferred in each part of the HRSG. The problem of convergence of boiler models with more than one row in parallel is discussed. Good initialisation of the different variables is crucial to obtain convergence. The models are tested on 2 references HRSG. The first one is an assisted circulation boiler that operates at 3 subcritical pressure levels. The second is a once through boiler able to operate above the critical pressure of water. These new models were introduced into a commercial software of data reconciliation (VALI of Belsim sa) already used by the engineering and design departments of a HRSG manufacturer. They thus have a general-purpose package enabling them to make design, data reconciliation and simulation with the same software. Moreover, the use of FELVAL model will enable them to simulate any type of boiler and to obtain informations on the change of the temperatures inside the heat exchangers. This information is crucial for well monitoring closely the operation of a boiler, and better understanding its behaviour. This knowledge improvement allows to limit the overdesign and the safety margins and to reduce the investment costs.

Optimal control of PDEs has a crucial place in many parts of sciences and industry. Over the last decade, there have been a great deal in, especially, control problems of elliptic problems. Optimal control problems of Burgers equation that is as a simplifed model for turbulence and in shock waves were recently investigated both theoretically and numerically. In this thesis, we analyze the space-time simultaneous discretization of control problem for Burgers equation. In literature, there have been two approaches for discretization of optimization problems: optimize-then-discretize and discretize-then-optimize. In the first part, we follow optimize-then-discretize appoproach. It is shown that both distributed and boundary time dependent control problem can be transformed into an elliptic pde. Numerical results obtained with adaptive and non-adaptive elliptic solvers of COMSOL Multiphysics are presented for both the unconstrained and the control constrained cases. As for second part, we consider discretize-then-optimize approach. Discrete adjoint concept is covered. Optimality conditions, KKT-system, lead to a saadle point problem. We investigate the numerical treatment for the obtained saddle point system. Both direct solvers and iterative methods are considered. For iterative mehods, preconditioners are needed. The structures of preconditioners for both distributed and boundary control problems are covered. Additionally, an a priori error analysis for the distributed control problem is given. We present the numerical results at the end of each chapter.

Focusing on the poetry published in the Cornhill, Once a Week, Good Words, and the Argosy, four of the most prominent illustrated literary periodicals of the 1860s, this dissertation contends that the popular poetry found in mid-century periodicals is not only essential to our understanding of the periodical press, but also that the periodical is integral to our understanding of Victorian poetics. Each chapter examines the poetry and poetics of a single periodical title and addresses several key issues related to the publication of poetry in the periodical press: the power and influence of illustrated poetry in contemporary visual culture, the intended audience of the literary periodical and the issues that raises for editors and poets, the sociology and networks of print, and the ways in which periodical poetry participated in contemporary debates about prosody. This dissertation thus offers an alternative history of Victorian poetry that asserts the centrality of the periodical and popular poetry. In other words, it argues that without a consideration of the vital importance of periodical poetry, Victorian poetry studies is quite simply anachronistic. / Graduate / 2015-04-22 / 0593 / 0391 / caley.ehnes@gmail.com

Focusing on the poetry published in the Cornhill, Once a Week, Good Words, and the Argosy, four of the most prominent illustrated literary periodicals of the 1860s, this dissertation contends that the popular poetry found in mid-century periodicals is not only essential to our understanding of the periodical press, but also that the periodical is integral to our understanding of Victorian poetics. Each chapter examines the poetry and poetics of a single periodical title and addresses several key issues related to the publication of poetry in the periodical press: the power and influence of illustrated poetry in contemporary visual culture, the intended audience of the literary periodical and the issues that raises for editors and poets, the sociology and networks of print, and the ways in which periodical poetry participated in contemporary debates about prosody. This dissertation thus offers an alternative history of Victorian poetry that asserts the centrality of the periodical and popular poetry. In other words, it argues that without a consideration of the vital importance of periodical poetry, Victorian poetry studies is quite simply anachronistic. / Graduate / 2018-12-31 / 0593 / 0391

Class of 2013 Abstract / Specific Aims: To determine the effectiveness of exenatide twice daily (ExBID) versus exentatide once weekly (ExQW) on weight loss in type II diabetes. Methods: This study was a meta-analysis. The studies used came from the PubMed database and Cochrane Reviews. To be included in the meta-analysis, studies must have been randomized controlled trials comparing ExBID to ExQW or drug to placebo. The studies that reported weight loss and/or HbA1C were included. Studies that included participants <18 years of age or compared only one dose of exenatide with other anti-diabetic medication without comparing to placebo were excluded. There were 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome was weight loss, and the secondary outcome was HbA1C levels. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize data. Main Results: The difference between ExQW and ExBID on weight loss was not statistically significant (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.71, CI -0.84 to -0.58 in ExQW vs SMD = 0.82, CI -1.02 to -0.62 in ExBID; p =0.36). The effect of ExQW on A1C was significantly larger than ExBID (SMD = -1.69 vs -1.07 respectively; p < 0.01). The variability was very high in the ExBID group (69% - 81%) compared to ExQW group (0%). Kendall’s tau was significant (p= 0.01) indicating that there may be publication bias. Conclusion: There is no difference in effect of weight loss between ExQW and ExBID group. Both dosages significantly improve A1C; however, ExBID has larger impact on A1C compared to ExBID.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24389号 / 理博第4888号 / 新制||理||1699(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)教授 玉川 安騎男, 教授 並河 良典, 教授 望月 新一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM