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121	Effects of Prazosin Treatment on Ethanol- and Sucrose-Seeking and Intake in P Rats Verplaetse, Terril Lee 20 September 2012 (has links) Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Background: Previous studies show that prazosin, an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, decreases alcohol drinking in animal models of alcohol use and dependence and in alcohol-dependent men. These studies extended previous findings by using a paradigm that allows for separate assessment of prazosin on motivation to seek versus consume ethanol or sucrose in selectively bred rats given acute or chronic prazosin treatment. Methods: Alcohol-preferring P rats were trained to complete an operant response that resulted in access to either 2% (Exp. 1) or 1% (Exp.2) sucrose or 10% ethanol. In Experiment 1, a 4-week consummatory testing phase consisted of rats bar-pressing to “pay” a specified amount up front to gain access to unlimited ethanol (or sucrose) for a 20-minute period. A 4-week appetitive testing phase examined how much the rats would bar-press for ethanol in an extinction session when no reinforcer could be obtained. In Experiment 2, during testing, the response requirement was dropped to a 1 and daily session cycles of drug (3 weeks/ 14 sessions from Tues to Fri) or vehicle (2 weeks/ 9 sessions from Tues to Fri) treatment were alternated per drug dose for a total of 3 drug doses (3 cycles) per rat. After each drug cycle, a single non-reinforced extinction session was conducted with no drug ‘on board’ and no reinforcer access. On test days, rats were given IP injections of either vehicle or one of three doses of prazosin (Exp 1: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/kg; Exp 2: 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg; balanced design; -30 min). Results: In Experiment 1, prazosin significantly decreased ethanol-seeking at all doses tested. The highest dose decreased ethanol intake and increased the latency to first lever-press and first lick. Sucrose-seeking and intake were decreased by the same doses of prazosin. In Experiment 2, prazosin significantly decreased reinforcer-seeking at the lowest and highest doses while ethanol intake was not decreased by prazosin. Conversely, sucrose-seeking was decreased at the highest dose of prazosin tested while sucrose consumption was decreased by all doses. Latency to lever-press for sucrose was increased by the lowest dose of prazosin compared to vehicle. Conclusions: These findings extend previous research and indicate that prazosin decreases motivation to seek ethanol and sucrose. The specificity of prazosin on different behaviors and over different reinforcers suggests that these findings are not due to prazosin-induced motor-impairment or malaise. These data suggest that prazosin may work by decreasing the reinforcing properties of reinforcers in general. Reinforcement (Psychology) Rats as laboratory animals Alcoholism -- Psychological aspects Alpha adrenoceptors Substance abuse -- Etiology Ethanol Prazosin Operant behavior Operant conditioning G proteins -- Receptors Alcoholism -- Molecular aspects Alcoholism -- Treatment
122	Elevers läsvanor : En kvalitativ studie av fyra fordonselevers läsvanor / Pupils’ Reading Habits: A Qualitative Study on the Reading Habits of Four Pupils in the Motor Vehicle Program Gustafsson, Frans January 2016 (has links) The following study was conducted at an upper secondary school in Sweden and attempts to explore the question of what influences male pupils’ reading habits. Many quantitative international studies, including PISA, PIRLS and IEA Reading Literacy, have sought to answer this question, but only partially succeeded due to the limitations of their methods. Therefore, this study seeks to explore this question in more depth using qualitative methods, including interviews and classroom observations, but also minor tests. Two facts which the previously mentioned international studies have found is that boys and particularly immigrant boys tend to have worse reading results than their counterparts. It is therefore the aim of this study to study four male students in upper secondary school; of which two are native Swedes and the other two are unaccompanied refugee children; one from Afghanistan and the other from Morocco. The findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, necessity was found to be the single most important factor for the reading habits of these four pupils; especially the two refugees. Both refugees learnt to read under harsh circumstances in madrassas in their respective home countries. Moreover, the Moroccan pupil learnt to speak and read Spanish fluently during his seven years as a homeless child. Furthermore, in the absence of necessity, interest was found to be decisive in determining the pupils’ reading habits. In addition to this, the study theorizes that an interest in reading generally arises before the ability to read and not vice versa. However, teachers can in fact affect their pupils’ reading habits even in upper secondary school. Reading habits interest in reading reading proficiency reading development path of least resistance self-efficacy the peer effect the Matthew effect operant conditioning the zone of proximal development the social cognitive theory the theory of cognitive development word decoding unaccompanied refugee children Läsvanor läsintresse läsförmåga läsutveckling minsta motståndets lag självförmåga kamrateffekten Matteus-effekten operant betingning proximalzonsteorin den sociokognitiva teorin den kognitiva utvecklingsteorin ordavkodning ensamkommande flyktingbarn fordonsprogrammet och gymnasium.
123	Olfactory cortex ventral tenia tecta neurons encode the distinct context-dependent behavioral states of goal-directed behaviors / 嗅皮質の腹側テニアテクタ神経細胞は、目標指向的行動において異なる文脈に依存した行動状態をコードする / キュウヒシツノフクソクテニアテクタシンケイサイボウワモクヒョウシコウテキコウドウニオイテコトナルブンミャクニイゾンシタコウドウジョウタイオコードスル / 嗅皮質の腹側テニアテクタ神経細胞は目標指向的行動において異なる文脈に依存した行動状態をコードする塩谷和基, Kazuki Shiotani 22 March 2021 (has links) 博士(理学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Science / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University 嗅皮質腹側テニアテクタ嗅覚内側前頭前野目標指向的行動神経科学電気生理学細胞外記録オペラント条件付けマウス olfactory cortex ventral tenia tecta olfaction medial prefrontal cortex goal-directed behavior neuroscience electrophysiology extracellular recording operant conditioning mouse
124	Characterizing a new early-life stress model: effects on perception of sounds relevant for communication in the Mongolian gerbil Hardy, Kate A. 26 April 2023 (has links) No description available. Acoustics Animal Sciences Animals Audiology Behavioral Psychology Behavioral Sciences Behaviorial Sciences Biology Biomedical Research Cognitive Psychology Developmental Biology Developmental Psychology Experiments Language Linguistics Welfare Psychobiology Psychological Tests Psychology Neurobiology Neurosciences Early-life stress stress auditory auditory processing temporal processing gerbil development ontogeny sex differences vocalizations amplitude modulations operant conditioning passive avoidance ethology playback
125	Inside and Outside Peace and Prosperity: Post-Conflict Cultural Spaces in Rwanda and Northern Ireland Arnold, Jobb 02 June 2014 (has links) In post-conflict settings real and imagined boundaries do a great deal to determine who is inside and who is outside of state-based narratives of peace and prosperity. Based on case studies in Rwanda and Northern Ireland, I provide an analysis of the post-conflict periods and the impact of neoliberal-styled governance on the dynamics of power. I argue that as power shifted, ‘peace’ also entailed a general social pacification, and prosperity equated to greater private profit. However, top-down social engineering has not contained the entire field of social struggle. I examine micro-level interventions taking place on the margins of mainstream discourse that trouble the moralizing state-narratives that seek to legitimate structural violence. Such spaces facilitate alternative values and practices that contribute to sustained social and cultural resilience, as well as forms of resistance. Post-conflict Rwanda and Northern Ireland have been impacted by both coercive and consensual forms of social engineering. In Rwanda, state-based framework laws and forceful regimes of local implementation rely on stark contingencies of reward and punishment to shape and control behaviour in the public sphere. In Northern Ireland, the power-sharing structure of the Belfast Agreement has reinforced ethnic politics, while depoliticizing and instrumentalizing civil society in support of its neoliberal policies. I present ethnographic research and interviews conducted with community organizations in Northern Ireland (Ikon) and Rwanda (Student Association of Genocide Survivors - AERG) that demonstrates how alternative discourses and practices are emerging in the cracks of these top-down systems. I explore Ikon’s use of creative performances and radical theology to create socially resonant cultural spaces that function as temporary autonomous zones. These TAZs unsettle aspects of individual identity while intentionally seeking to destabilize mainstream power dynamics. Unlike Ikon, AERG faces greater public scrutiny and higher political stakes. They demonstrate an adherence to the dominant social script in the public sphere, while exhibiting micro- level agency through trauma healing, and material support in private day-to-day practices. AERG’s performance in the public sphere creates temporary spaces of encounter that exceed the boundaries of official discourse, making their alternative presence felt while remaining illegible to the dominant surveillance frameworks. / Thesis (Ph.D, Cultural Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-06-02 11:02:09.033

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