Texte remanié de: Th. État--Nice-Sophia Antipolis. / Bibliogr. p. 417-426. Glossaire. Index.

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Hist.--Paris 1, 1996. / Bibliogr. p. 515-543. Glossaire. Index.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät I--Erlangen-Nürnberg--Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 1994. / Bibliogr. p. 449-460. Index.

Orientador: Maria Inez Mateus Dota / Banca: José Carlos Marques / Banca: José Luiz Aidar Prado / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e descrever os recursos discursivos e enunciativos utilizados pelo Jornal Bom Dia Bauru na construção de suas opiniões e, além disso, detectar, identificar, caracterizar as vozes presentes nos discursos que emanam desses textos. O referencial teórico-metodológico utilizado baseia-se nas Teorias do Jornalismo, que tratam das etapas do processo de transformação dos acontecimentos em notícias e das relações socioprofissionais e linguisticas inerentes a esse processo, que configuram o texto jornalístico como um construto social; nos estudos acerca do jornalismo opinativo, que explicam o papel da opinião no jornalismo brasileiro e suas manifestações práticas, tendo como foco o editorial, gênero que representa os posicionamentos institucionais das empresas jornalísticas sobre os acontecimentos; nos elmentos da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), dos conceitos de heterogeneidade discursiva, de enunciação no jornalismo e de contrato de comunicação/leitura. Para a constituição do corpus, foram selecionados 33 editoriais publicados entre os anos de 2006 e 2007, os quais foram separados e organizados por temas, e cujo assunto principal fosse a prefeitura de Bauru (instituição e agentes). Como principais resultados, constatamos a presença de uma lógica adversarial que rege o discurso dos editoriais, e por meio da qual se estabelece uma contraposição entre os agentes públicos municipais e a população, marcado principalmente por estruturas discursivas que visam desqualisficar as ações dos políticos e vitimizar os munícipes. Em meio a isso, o Bom Dia Bauru visa construir uma relação de comprometimento entre o jornal e seu público-alvo, assim como com a cidade de Bauru, colocando-se como uma instância que está a serviço de seu leitor e, por isso, avalia, julga e fiscaliza o trabalho dos agentes públicos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this work is to identify and describe the discursive and enunciative strategies used by the newspaper Bom Dia Bauru in composing its editorials and, besides this, to delect, identify and charactetize the voices present in discourses which emanate from those texts. The theoretical and methodological references are based on the Journalism Theories, which focus the stages of events transformation processes into news and the socioprofessional and linguistic relations inherent to those processes, which configure the journalistic text as a social construct; on studies about opinative journalism, which explain the opinion role in Brazilian Journalism and its practical manifestations, focused in the editorial, a genre that shows the view of journalism companies about the events; on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) elements, the concepts of discursive heterogeneity, the utterance in journalism and the communication/reading contract. For composing the corpus, it was selected 33 editorials published between 2006 and 2007, which were separated and organized by themes, whose main subject was Bauru City Hall (the institution and its agents). As the main results, it was found out the presence of an adversarial logic which rules the editorial discourse, whereby it establishes a contraposition between public agents and population, which is mainly market by discursive structures that tend to disqualify the politician actions and to show Bauru citizens as victims. Amid that, Bom Dia Bauru aims to construct a compromise relationship between itself and its target public, just as with the city of Bauru, placing itself as an instance that serves its reader and, hence, analyzes, judges and surpervises the work of the local public agents. However, this attitude manifests itself as dissonant, for tasking, on the one hand, a more combative approach and, on the other... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No summary available / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Comm. (Industrial Psychology)

This thesis seeks to add to the existing knowledge about the effects of the political sophistication of citizens on selective exposure in terms of the preference for like-minded media over attitudinal incongruent media. The traditional selective exposure majorly account for this phenomenon from a motivational perspective. Differing from previous studies, this thesis employs a cognitive approach to examine the level of political sophistication and selective exposure based on dual-process framework which grows out of heuristic and cognitive bias literature. This thesis first explicates the concept of political sophistication by proposing three dimensions, namely factual political knowledge, conceptual political knowledge, and the conceptual complexity of political thinking to indicate the construct of political sophistication. The cognitive nature of the three dimensions as well as their relationships with the extent of selective exposure, which is perceived as a form of confirmation bias, are discussed based on a tripartite model of dual-process theory. Two mediators, namely attitude extremity and perspective taking ability, are proposed and examined to see whether either or both of them play a role to mediate the influence of each dimension of political sophistication on the extent of selective exposure. The underlying mechanisms for the hypothesized model are expounded. The results suggest that the effect of the three dimensions on the extent of selective exposure are fully mediated by the two mediators, respectively. Different dimensions of political sophistication have different effects on attitude extremity and perspective taking ability, and these effects play a key role in the selection of like-minded media outlets. Both the conceptual complexity of political thinking and conceptual knowledge are positively correlated with the perspective taking ability; the same is not true for factual political knowledge. Moreover, both factual political knowledge and conceptual political knowledge are positively correlated with attitude extremity, while no significant correlation is observed between conceptual complexity and attitude extremity in the study sample. The effects of factual political knowledge and conceptual political knowledge on the extent of selective exposure are mediated by attitude extremity. The mediation effect of perspective taking ability on the relationship between conceptual complexity of political thinking and selective exposure, which can lessen the extent of selective exposure, is observed to be significant but weak when attitude extremity is included in the model. The implications of the different roles played by the three dimensions in the cognitive process, as well as contributions, practical significance and limitations are discussed on the basis of the abovementioned findings in conclusion part.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Filosofía

Magister Artium - MA / People's attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS remain a major community challenge. There is a need to generate a climate of understanding, compassion and dignity in which people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) will be able to voluntarily disclose their status and receive the support and respect all people deserve. However, many people expereince discrimination because they have HIV/AIDS. In a certain area in Khayelitsha, a township in Cape Town, a young woman was killed after disclosing the HIV status after being raped by five men. While many previous studies have focused on the external stigma in the general population, there is a dearth of studies on stigma among PLWHA themselves and hence the aim of the present study was to investigate stigma attached to HIV/AIDS from the perspective of PLWHA. / South Africa

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / South Africa has one of the highest HIV and AIDS prevalence rates and the pandemic shows no signs of abating. Challenges facing South Africa in combating this pandemic include the social responses of fear, denial, stigma and discrimination. Stigma related to HIV and AIDS poses a major barrier to treating and managing HIV and AIDS. Stigma is defined as involving an attribute which significantly discredits an individual in the eyes of others or society. This attribute is therefore seen by others as being negative, something which devalues, spoils or flaws an individual. Perceived or felt stigma is described as being the anticipation of rejection and the shame of having the stigma, whereas enacted stigma refers to actual incidents of discrimination. The aim of this study was to determine, from the experiences of people living with HIV and AIDS, whether stigma manifests within the South African primary health care system. / South Africa

This dissertation investigates various micro and macro level domestic factors affecting attitudes towards immigrants and emigration of international students. The first chapter examines if an individual’s religiosity affects his attitude against immigrants in jobs in rich and poor countries using data from World Values Survey, wave 6 for the period 2010-2014. The main finding of this study is that per capita income affects an individual’s attitudes against immigrants in getting hired but religiosity does not matter in affecting attitudes of people against immigrants in rich and poor countries. The second chapter explores Europeans opposition against Muslims, Jewish and Roma immigrants based on perceived economic, religious and security threats in strong and weak economies using European Social Survey for the period 2014-2015. The results suggest that the state of economy dominates a respondent’s perception of economic, religious or security threats against banning Muslims, Jews and Roma immigrants. The third chapter sheds lights whether corruption in countries promote students to study abroad using data on outbound students from UNESCO for the period 1999-2015. The results indicate that corruption promotes emigration of international students for only high income countries in the sample but this result does not hold for low and middle income countries.