A ocorrência frequente e a alta morbidade e mortalidade do câncer de boca nos cães conferem grande importância ao problema que se configura como relevante questão não só para o monitoramento, mas também para permitir caracterizar populações de risco e otimizar parâmetros que visem a prevenção, proteção e assistência ao paciente. Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico de uma amostra de conveniência de cães diagnosticados com câncer de boca de dois diferentes centros odontológicos e dois diferentes serviços oncológicos, no município de São Paulo entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2013. Estudo epidemiológico observacional ecológico, retrospectivo e prospectivo, multicêntrico de cães com neoplasia oral, avaliando as variáveis gênero, estado reprodutivo, idade, faixa etária, raça, peso, porte, localização e tamanho da neoformação oral e tipos histológicos mais frequentes e estadiamento clínico. Analisou-se 330 prontuários e os resultados apontam para a maior ocorrência das neoplasias malignas (67%), sendo mais frequente o melanoma (MM), seguida por neoplasias benignas (20%), sendo mais frequente o ameloblastoma (AMB), as demais lesões foram não-neoplásicas. Não houve predileção racial ou sexual, mas os animais intactos tiveram maior chance de acometimento por neoplasia maligna. A média de idade dos cães com neoplasia maligna foi de 11,22 anos e nas benignas 9,53 anos, sendo os animais geriátricos mais afetados. A média de peso para o câncer maligno foi de 17,13kg, tendendo para pequeno e médio porte, e benigno 22,4kg, tendendo para médio e grande porte, e os cães de pequeno porte apresentam maior chance de ocorrência de neoplasias malignas. A localização mais frequente foi a maxila (35,5%), e o tamanho médio das neoformações malignas foi de 3,52cm e as benignas 1,53cm. Dos pacientes com neoplasia maligna os geriátricos apresentam maior chance de morte e o estágio clínico IV foi o mais frequente. O tipo histológico que prevaleceu foi o MM para as neoplasias malignas, nos animais de pequeno e médio porte, e o AMB para as benignas, em médio e grande porte, os pacientes senis e geriátricos são mais acometidos por neoplasia maligna, assim como de pequeno porte e fêmeas castradas, sendo os pacientes geriátricos com maior chance de morte por neoplasia maligna e o estágio IV é o mais comum / The frequent occurrence and high morbidity and lethality of oral cancer in dogs attach great importance to the problem, which constitutes a relevant issue not only for monitoring, but also to allow characterize risk populations and optimize parameters for the prevention, protection and patient care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological of a survey convenience sample of dogs diagnosed with oral cancer in two different dental centers and two different cancer services in the city of São Paulo between January 2010 and December 2013. Observational epidemiological ecological, retrospective and prospective and multicenter study with oral cancer dogs, assessing the variables gender, reproductive status, age, life stage, breed, weight, dog size, location and size of the oral tumor and more frequent histological types and clinical staging. Three hundred and third medical records were analyzed and the results point to a higher frequency of malignant neoplasms (67%), the most frequent malignant melanoma (MM), followed by benign neoplasms (20%), the most frequent ameloblastoma (AMB) other injuries were non-neoplastic. There was no breed or gender preference, but the unneutered dogs were more likely to involvement by malignancy. The average age of dogs with malignant neoplasm was 11.22 years and 9.53 years in benign, geriatric animals were the most affected. Mean weight for malignant cancer was 17,13kg, tending to small and medium size dog, and benign 22,4kg, tending to medium and large, and small dogs have higher odds of occurrence of malignant tumor. The most frequent site is the jaw (35.5%) and the average size of neoformation was 3,52cm malignant and benign 1,53cm. Of patients with malignant neoplasm, geriatric have higher odds of death and the clinical stage IV was the most frequent. The histological type that prevailed was the MM for malignant neoplasms in small and medium-sized animals, and the AMB for benign in medium and large, and the senile and geriatric patients are more affected by malignant tumor, as well as small and spayed females, geriatric patients at higher risk of death from malignant tumor and stage IV is the most common

Objetivou-se fazer um estudo retrospectivo avaliando quais as afecções da cavidade oral foram mais frequentes nos gatos domésticos atendidos no Laboratório de Odontologia Comparada da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, relatando estatisticamente a prevalência das afecções da cavidade oral de gatos, enfatizando se há correlação entre elas e com características como raça, sexo, faixa etária e estado reprodutivo. Os dados analisados dos 754 prontuários foram raça, idade, sexo, estado reprodutivo, diagnóstico, tratamento e, no caso de neoplasia, sua localização e diagnóstico histopatológico. As principais doenças diagnosticadas foram doença periodontal, fratura dentária, gengivoestomatite crônica felina, lesão de reabsorção dentária felina, neoplasia oral e traumatismo do sistema estomatognático (luxação de articulação temporomandibular, fenda palatina, fratura de processo coronoide, fratura de zigomático, disjunção de sínfise, fratura de maxila e mandíbula). A idade dos animais variou de menos de um ano a 20 anos, sendo que, os animais tinham, em média 7,2 anos (desvio padrão = 4,9) e a faixa etária mais frequente foi de um a cinco anos. Os gatos sem raça definida (66,5%), siameses (19,0%) e persas (10,2%) totalizaram 95,7% de todos os felinos atendidos no LOC. A doença periodontal foi a afecção mais frequente e esteve presente em 38,3% da população estudada. A fratura dentária, segunda mais frequente, esteve presente em 27,2% dos animais. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa (p=0,026) entre fratura dentária e faixa etária, já que a proporção de animais entre um e cinco anos de idade com fratura foi maior do que a das outras faixas etárias. A lesão de reabsorção dentária felina (LRDF) esteve presente em 19,6% dos gatos estudados, sendo a terceira afecção mais prevalente dentre as pesquisadas. Esta lesão foi mais frequente em gatos com idade entre 11 e 15 anos e houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a LRDF e a doença periodontal e entre LRDF e gengivite. A prevalência de gengivoestomatite crônica felina foi de 15,7% entre os felinos pesquisados e a proporção de animais com idades entre seis e dez anos com esta doença foi maior do que em outras faixas etárias. As neoplasias estavam presentes em 9,8% dos gatos, sendo que em 46 dos 72 animais que apresentaram alguma neoplasia tinham mais de dez anos de idade. O carcinoma de células escamosas foi o neoplasma mais comum, correspondendo a 63,2% das neoformações que foram submetidas ao exame histopatológico. As fraturas ósseas do sistema estomatognático corresponderam a 19,3% dos atendimentos, sendo a sínfise mentoniana e o corpo da mandíbula os locais mais comuns de fraturas. Concluiu-se que: existe grande variedade de afecções que acometem a cavidade oral de gatos, sendo a doença periodontal, fratura dentária, lesão de reabsorção dentária, gengivite, gengivoestomatite crônica, neoplasias orais e fraturas dos ossos do sistema estomatognático as mais prevalentes delas; é de extrema importância que as anotações nas fichas de atendimento sejam feitas da maneira mais completa possível, para que informações não sejam perdidas / This study aimed to make a retrospective study assessing which diseases of the oral cavity were more common in domestic cats attended at Comparative Dental Laboratory of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny of the University of São Paulo, and to report statistically the prevalence of diseases in the oral cavity of cats, emphasizing the correlation between them and with characteristics such as breed, gender, age and reproductive status. The data analyzed from 754 records were breed, age, gender, reproductive status, diagnosis, treatment and in the case of neoplasia, its location and histological diagnosis. The main diagnosed diseases were periodontal disease, tooth fracture, feline chronic gingivostomatitis, tooth resorption lesions, oral cancer and trauma of the stomatognathic system (dislocation of temporomandibular joint, cleft palate, coronoid fracture, zygomatic fracture, symphyseal separation, maxilla and mandible fracture). The age of the animals ranged from less than one year to 20 years, and the animals had an average of 7.2 years (SD = 4.9) and the most frequent age range was from one to five years. Three breeds totaled 95.7% of all cats attended at LOC, which were, Persian (10.2%), Siamese (19.0%) and SRD (66.5%). Periodontal disease was the most common condition and it was present in 38.3% of the studied population. Dental fracture was present in 27.2% of the animals. There was a statistically significant association (p = 0.026) between dental fracture and age, since the proportion of animals between one and five years old with fracture was higher than that of other age groups. The tooth resorption lesions (LRD) were present in 19.6% of the studied cats, being the third most prevalent disease among the survey. This injury was more common in cats aged between 11 and 15 years and there was a statistically significant association between LRD and periodontal and between gum disease and LRD. The prevalence of feline chronic gingivostomatitis was 15.7% among those surveyed cats and the proportion of animals aged between six and ten years with this disease was higher than other age groups. Neoplasia was present in 9.8% of cats, and in 46 of 72 animals that showed some malformation had more than ten years old. The squamous cell carcinoma was the most common neoplasm, corresponding to 63.2% of neoformations that were submitted to histopathology. Bone fractures of the stomatognathic system accounted for 19.3% of cases, the mandibular symphysis and the body of the mandible were the most common sites of fractures. It was concluded that there is a wide range of diseases that affect the oral cavity of cats, and periodontal disease, tooth fracture, dental resorption lesions, gingivitis, gingivostomatitis, oral cancer and fractures of the bones of the stomatognathic system were the most prevalent of them; it is a matter of utmost importance that the notes in all pacient records are done as thoroughly as possible, so that information will not be lost

Orientador: Olga Rodrigues de Moraes von Simson / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T21:14:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_JoseRoberto_M.pdf: 14587547 bytes, checksum: 6b6c58c882a6b293072add1daae141af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Mestrado

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:34:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8225_1.pdf: 1433048 bytes, checksum: 267a4f0698b7e8eb72c0f2f5b58435d4 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Neste trabalho, temos por objetivo identificar, descrever e analisar perguntas utilizadas por quatro professores de língua estrangeira em salas de aula de uma universidade do estado de Pernambuco, para averiguar em que sentido elas contribuem para a qualidade da produção oral do aluno. Para isso, recorremos aos seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: observação em sala de aula, gravação e transcrição de oito aulas (duas de cada professor), entrevistas com os professores e questionários para professores e alunos. Apesar de sua importância para este trabalho, as tipologias propostas pela pesquisa de sala de aula não foram suficientes para dar conta da análise dos dados, já que, freqüentemente não relacionam as perguntas ao contexto sócio-cultural em que se realizam. O aporte teórico que fundamenta este estudo se inspira no paradigma etnográfico de linguagem e de aprendizagem de línguas. Nessa perspectiva, as perguntas são enunciados cujas funções variam de acordo com o contexto sócio-cultural e o evento comunicativo. Uma análise parcial dos dados indica serem as perguntas do professor determinadas, dentre outros fatores, pelo ritual, objetivos da aula, papéis do professor e do aluno, assim como pelo tipo de abordagem adotada pelo professor. As perguntas mais recorrentes nas aulas observadas foram: a espontânea, a de estabelecimento de clima, a procedimental, a interativa e a pergunta didática. Os dados ainda revelam que os professores, ao enunciarem as perguntas didáticas, fazem uso de estratégias de facilitação, dentre as quais destacamos: repetição, paráfrase, perguntas com lacunas, ênfase na palavra-chave, tradução, pergunta e resposta pelo professor para otimizar a produção oral do aluno

Orientador : Lngedore Grunfeld Villaça Koch / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T02:20:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milanez_Wania_D.pdf: 5932372 bytes, checksum: 0ee8a8aaa35f140472b3c1a96ed96fa5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992 / Resumo: Este trabalho propoe a introdução da pratica da oralidade no ensino de lingua materna, ressaltando-se a importancia da elocução formal que exige do aluno o dominio da variedade linguística culta...Observação: O resumo, na integra, podera ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Not informed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística

Abstract A population-based study was conducted to determine the trends in incidence and survival of cancer of the mobile tongue in Finland over the past 40 years. Possible changes in patient and tumour characteristics, early detection and prognostic factors of cancer of the mobile tongue were monitored in a geographically defined area of Northern Finland over the past 20 years. There were 1504 new cases with cancer of the mobile tongue in 1953-1994 in Finland and 105 cases in 1974-1994 in Northern Finland. An increasing trend in incidence of cancer of the mobile tongue was observed over the past 20 years both nationwide and in Northern Finland. The stage distribution of the cancer of the mobile tongue remained very much the same throughout the study period. Despite the increasing incidence rate and unchanged stage distribution of the tumours, the 5-year relative survival rate of cancer of the tongue improved from 40% to 58% in the 40-year study period in Finland. To evaluate the detection of cancer of the tongue, patients' primary care files were reviewed. It was revealed that the diagnostic skills of the physician/dentist first contacted by the patient had a significant effect on the patient's prognosis. If the cancer was not detected at the primary visit and no follow-up was scheduled, the delay was often fatally long. The most important factor influencing the referral pattern was the patient's primary symptom at the initial visit. The more closely the symptom was related to the tongue, the more likely the patient was correctly referred. To recognise aggressively behaving early stage (Stages I-II) cancers of the tongue, various prognostic factors were analysed. It was observed that an old age (65+years) of the patient, a high malignancy score of the tumour and the absence of p53 predicted poor prognosis in early stage carcinomas. Patients with these qualities may require more aggressive initial therapy.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The aim of the study was to analyze oral health status(dental caries, periodontal conditions, fluorosis and malocclusion) of institutionalised children at Amani and Mkombozi street children homes in Moshi town, Tanzania. 100 street children participated. A cross sectional survey of street children between 12-18 years was carried out based on WHO guidelines. Self administered questionnaires were used to collect information from the caregivers.The findings indicate clear need to improve oral hygiene among these children. / South Africa

The population of older adults has grown rapidly in recent years and is expected to continue to grow into the middle of this century. The aging of the population means that nurses need to have specialized gerontological knowledge in order to properly care for older adults. In spite of the current need for specialists in this field, gerontological nursing is not a popular choice and nurses often lack adequate preparation to care for older adults. The complex reasons behind these issues are rooted in the history of the development of this specialty. This study takes a historical look at the development of gerontological nursing in British Columbia through the stories of seven nurse educators who were leaders and innovators in their field. The findings of the study tell a story of the nurses’ work to change unacceptable nursing practice, improve standards of care and professional status of gerontological nursing and advocate for older adults. In doing so, these nurses challenged cultural values about aging and care of older adults and worked toward giving gerontological nurses a voice in policy and decision-making. The findings from this study can be used to guide today’s gerontological nurses as they continue to develop this specialized field of nursing knowledge. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

Cette thèse se propose de rechercher les causes principales des difficultés rencontrées dans l’enseignement/ apprentissage de l’arabe standard en Libye, notamment en ce qui concerne l'expression orale. Dans un premier temps, nous donnons un aperçu sur l’évolution de l’arabe et l’apparition des dialectes en Libye, tout en précisant les principales différences entre l’arabe standard et les dialectes sur les plans phonétique, grammatical et lexical. Dans un deuxième temps elle a pour but de montrer clairement les facteurs en jeu dans l’enseignement de l'arabe, de proposer une réforme profonde de l’enseignement de cette langue en Libye, afin d'essayer d'élever le niveau de l'arabe standard dont la situation actuelle est devenue inquiétante. Notre travail a porté aussi sur le système éducatif en Lybie et l’intérêt accordé à l’arabe, en mettant l’accent sur les manquements qui existent de notre point de vue. Nous avons eu recours à deux types d'approches. La première est une approche théorique qui consiste à analyser des recherches et des travaux existants, relatifs aux problèmes linguistiques en didactique de classe de langue. La seconde est une investigation de terrain qui débouche sur des résultats statistiques grâce à l’enquête. L’enjeu étant de mettre l’apprenant dans un processus d’apprentissage actif, à travers une acquisition dynamique de la langue qui prend en compte les dimensions culturelles et cognitives. Pour plus d’efficacité et d’objectivité, des observations directes nous ont semblé nécessaires, afin de mieux connaître la réalité de la pratique effective au sein de la classe d'arabe. Cela nous a permis de nous rendre compte directement des procédés mis en oeuvre et d’évaluer ainsi les réactions des apprenants. / This thesis investigates the main reasons for the problems encountered in the teaching and learning of standard Arabic in Libya, specifically in speaking. Firstly I provide an overview of the evolution of Arabic and the development of Libyan dialects, while specifying the main differences between standard Arabic and Arabic dialects with regard to phonology, grammar and lexis. Secondly the thesis underscores the issues at hand in the teaching of Arabic, and suggests a reform of the way the language is taught in Libya, in view of trying to improve the overall level of standard Arabic whose present state is worrying. The thesis also addresses the Libyan educational system and the issue of Arabic, while stressing the failings of the system. I adopted two approaches. The first approach is theoretical whereby I analyzed present day research on linguistic problems in language teaching. The second is field work which provided statistical evidence thanks to an inquiry among learners and teachers. The whole issue is getting the learners to engage in an active learning process by a dynamic acquisition of language that takes into account cultural and cognitive features of the process. To guarantee efficiency and objectivity direct classroom observations were undertaken in order to identify effective practice in the Arabic classroom. I was thus in a position to observe firsthand the procedures adopted by the teachers and assess the learners' reactions.

This study examined differences in oral reading behaviour of 58 grade one children attending achool in Richmond, B.C. Half the subjects received initial reading instruction through a phonics approach; half the subjects received initial reading instruction through a language experience approach. Among the findings were that subjects taught by the phonics approach, which emphasized letter-sound correspondence, produced more oral reading errors, more nonwords, and more substitutions with graphic and sound similarity to the response word than did children instructed by the language experience approach. Subjects taught by the language experience approach produced fewer errors and more substitutions syntactically and semantically acceptable, and more substitutions that did not alter the meaning of the sentence than the children instructed by the phonics approach. An analysis of the children's substitution errors for high, middle and low achievement groups was also discussed. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate