Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / There is no satisfactory statistical record of oral submucous fibrosis in the Republic of South Africa or India. The present prevalence study of OSF among Indians in the municipal area of Durban was planned by the Institute for Biostatistics of the South African Medical Research Council. The sampling consisted of a stratified random survey and the total number of subjects examined was 2 058. They were stratified into the age groups: 10-14, 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65+ years, and into sexes. Each age group included 294 people (147 males and 147 females). From the 29 suburbs included in this survey 147 points were sampled. The number of sampling points was calculated proportional to the population size. At each sampling point one individual of each sex in each age group was selected i.e. 14 individuals at each sampling point.

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients suffer from the terrible consequences of the disease and its treatment modalities, and as a result, their Quality of Life (QoL) and Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is badly affected, especially due to functional limitation, physical disability and psychological disability that they encounter before, during and after treatment. There is a need for more research on OHRQoL of OSCC patients at various treatment intervals. The present study focused on investigating OHRQoL of OSCC patients at the post-treatment phase.

The purpose of this study is to investigate certain types of verbal communications people use in small task-oriented groups. The verbal communications analyzed are certain phrases a speaker may use prior to the central idea of the statement uttered. These verbal communications are referred to as "language tactics". Language tactics are defined here as specific phrases a speaker may use to excuse, justify, rationalize, or interpret for the listener(s) what the speaker is about to say before saying it. The purpose of this study is to look at language tactics as they are used by members of small task-oriented groups to answer two basic research questions: Does the amount of previous interaction affect the use of language tactics by members of small task oriented groups? Does the type of task a small group is performing affect the use of language tactics by group members? Twenty groups of students with membership ranging from four to six members per group participated in this experiment. Ten groups consisted of Ss who had worked together as classroom project groups prior to participating in the study (Old Groups). The remaining half of the Ss consisted of new students in Speech Communication classes who had never worked together as groups prior to this study (New Groups). Two different tasks with differing levels of ambiguity were utilized. Ss were directed to achieve consensus on a particular task. One-half of the old groups and one-half of the new groups were assigned a relatively ambiguous task situation (TA). The remaining old and new groups were assigned a relatively unambiguous task situation (TU). Data was collected by audio-tape recordings of group discussions. Transcripts of the discussions were prepared and content-analyzed by three judges for incidence of the occurrence of language tactics. The unit of analysis used in the content-analysis of the data was the phrase. Criteria was established by the experimenter for the scoring of phrases. The proposal stated that there are two sets of conditions that influence the probable use of language tactics by members of small task-oriented groups. Two research hypotheses were generated and tested. Both null hypotheses failed to be disconfirmed; thereby the research hypotheses were not supported by the data. The study concludes with a review and critique of the study itself. Topics reviewed include the purpose of the study, the research questions the study proposed to answer, and the methods employed. Implications for future research are also discussed.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la frecuencia de tumores en la cavidad oral de caninos y felinos en base a los protocolos histopatológicos del Laboratorio de Histología, Embriología y Patología Veterinaria de la de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se analizaron los informes con diagnóstico histopatológico de neoplasias caninas y felinas en el periodo comprendido entre Enero del 2007 a Diciembre del 2013, recolectándose la información sobre raza, edad, sexo, localización anatómica y el diagnóstico histopatológico. Se encontró una frecuencia de neoplasias orales de 8.1% (122/1508) del total de neoplasias, en caninos un 7.9 ± 1.3% (115/1454) y en felinos un 13 ±8.9% (7/54). Los animales más afectados fueron de raza pura y los que oscilan entre 6 y 10 años de edad en caninos, y menores a 5 años en felinos. Las razas de caninos de mayor presentación fueron el Bóxer (11%), Labrador Retriever (9.2%) y Rottweiller (7.3%). Los machos se afectaron con más frecuencia que las hembras con un 61%. La localización más frecuente fue la gingiva (57%). En general, las neoplasias orales benignas (28%) fueron menos frecuentes que las malignas (72%). En los caninos, el Rabdomiosarcoma (26%), el carcinoma de células escamosas (17%) y el melanoma (16%), fueron las neoplasia malignas más comunes y el épuli fibromatoso (56%) la neoplasia benigna más común. En la especie felina, solo se encontraron neoplasias malignas siendo la más frecuente el carcinoma de células escamosas (43%). Palabras Claves: cavidad oral, neoplasia, frecuencia, caninos, felinos / --- The aim of this study is to determinate the frequency of neoplasms in the oral cavity in canines and felines, according to the histopathological protocols of the Histology, Embryology and Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Medicine Veterinary Faculty from the Mayor University of San Marcos. The reports with histopathological diagnosis of neoplasms in canines and felines were analyzed in the period between January 2007 and December 2013, gathering the information about breed, age, sex, anatomy location and the histopathological diagnosis. The frequency of oral neoplasms found was 8.1% (122/1508) of the total of neoplasms, in canines was 7.9 ± 1.3% (115/1454) and in felines was 13 ± 8.9% (7/54). The animals more affected were the purebred and the ones between six and ten years old in canines, and less than 5 years old in felines. The breeds of dogs with greater presentation were the Boxer (11%), the Retriever Labrador (9.2%) and the Rottweiller (7.3%). Males were more frequently affected than females in 61%. The most frequently location was the gingival (57%). In general, the benign neoplasms (28%) were less frequently than the malignant neoplasms(72%). In canines, the Rhabdomyosarcoma (26%), the squamous cell carcinomas (17%) and the melanoma (16%), were the malignant neoplasms more common and the fibromatous épuli (56%) the benign neoplasm most common. In felines, only malignant neoplasms were found, and the squamous cell carcinoma (43%) was the most common. Keywords: oral cavity, neoplasm, frequency, canines, felines / Tesis

This research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry. School of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Johannesburg, 2017 / Purpose: Resin restorative materials have improved over the years. A major obstacle to the acquisition of acceptable bond strength of bonding agents is the presence of contaminated dentine cavity preparations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral contaminants such as blood, saliva and a disinfectant contamination on the shear bond strength of a nanocomposite on a self-etching adhesive system. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six caries free premolar teeth were extracted and placed in a disinfectant solution containing 0.5 % Chloramine T solution, and then randomly distributed into four groups. Each tooth was then placed into a stainless steel ring supported by clear self-curing acrylic. They were thereafter immersed into a saline solution of 37 ̊C - 37.5 ̊C in an incubator for 24 hours. The enamel surfaces of the premolars were then ground with a Pro-trim 1725 Hertz grinder using 600 grit silicon carbide fine grinding paper to expose the dentine surface of each tooth. The sample was then re-immersed in the saline solution and incubated at 37°C - 37.5°C. The teeth were then arranged into the four groups: Group 1 (control group); Group 2 (human blood contamination at 5 seconds); Group 3 (human saliva contamination at 5 seconds) and Group 4 (chlorine dioxide contamination at 5 seconds). A self-etching adhesive bonding system (Scotchbond universal™) and Filtek supreme XTE composite was applied to the exposed dentine surface. Samples were randomised and then sheared using an Instron testing machine to determine their bond strengths. The fractured components of each sample were measured, compared and further examined under a stereo microscope to determine the modes of failure. The data were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the level of significance was set at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: A significant difference was found in the shear bond strength between the control (group 1) and the blood contaminated group (group 2) (p-value of 0.00064). The chlorine dioxide group (group 4) that had no effect on shear bond strength to dentine (p-value of 0.55). Adhesive failures (between bonding agent and dentine) were predominant in group 2 and to a lesser extent in group 3. Most group 4 samples had cohesive fractures (within the dentine). Conclusion: The bond strength to dentine using a self-etching adhesive was reduced when contaminated with blood. Group 2 samples (blood) caused significantly greater bonding failure as compared to all the other groups. Chlorine dioxide solution is a powerful disinfectant and does not affect the bonding to dentine. The null hypothesis statement, which stated that there was no difference in the shear strength between any of the conditions, was thus rejected. Further studies on the application of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant on cavity preparations need to be considered given the surprising positive results of chlorine dioxide group. / MT2018

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Objective: Pancreatic stones result from chronic pancreatitis and can occur in the main pancreatic duct, pancreatic branches or parenchyma. Although extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is considered the first-line treatment, per-oral pancreatoscopy (POP) has emerged as a useful method for treating pancreatic stones. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy and safety of POP-guided lithotripsy, electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) and laser lithotripsy (LL), in patients with pancreatolithiasis. Methods: Literature review was conducted in PubMed, OVID, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases for studies published up to August 2020. Results: Altogether 15 studies were analyzed, of which 11 were retrospective and four were prospective. The studies comprised 370 patients, of whom 66.4% were male. The patients underwent 218 EHL and 155 LL. The pooled technical and clinical success rate of the overall POP was 88.1% and 87.1%. For EHL-POP, the pooled technical success rate was 90.9% (95% CI 87.2%-95.2%) and the pooled clinical success rate was 89.8% (95% CI 87.2%-95.2%). While for LL-POP, the pooled technical and clinical success rate was 88.4% (95% CI 85.9%-95.1%) and 85.8% (95% CI 80.6%-91.6%). In total 43 adverse events occurred (12.1%; 95% CI 8.7%-15.5%). Conclusion: POP-guided lithotripsy has a high rate of technical and clinical success for managing pancreatolithiasis with a low complication rate. Both EHL-POP and LL-POP achieve similar efficacy in the endoscopic therapy of pancreatolithiasis. Further large randomized controlled trials are needed to compare EHL-POP and LL-POP with ESWL and evaluate whether POP may replace ESWL as the first-line management of pancreatolithiasis. / Revisión por pares