Jornadas Académicas de Salud 2021. Ponente: Dr. Dante Alcántara / Las Jornadas Académicas en Salud 2021 tienen como propósito promover la actualización de los profesionales de la salud de diversas especialidades, enfatizando la atención interprofesional centrada en el paciente.

Jornadas Académicas de Salud 2021. Ponente: Dr. Rogger Bardalez Daza / Las Jornadas Académicas en Salud 2021 tienen como propósito promover la actualización de los profesionales de la salud de diversas especialidades, enfatizando la atención interprofesional centrada en el paciente.

Jornadas Académicas de Salud 2021. Ponente: Dra. Rosella Camere / Las Jornadas Académicas en Salud 2021 tienen como propósito promover la actualización de los profesionales de la salud de diversas especialidades, enfatizando la atención interprofesional centrada en el paciente.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Although complex phenomena such as oral diseases can be studied using generalizable conceptual frameworks, the differences in the underlying influences across countries necessitate adaptation of existing oral health frameworks to the specific conditions in each country. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate distal (indirect) and proximal (direct) influences of oral health and their interactions with both self-reported oral pain (OP) and self-rated oral health status (SROH) in Saudi Arabia (SA). Two secondary data analyses were conducted utilizing data from the national demographic and health survey (DHS) of SA in 2017. The objective of the first study was to describe the study design, and the distal and proximal influences reported in the 2017 SA DHS. The objective of second study was to explore associations between proximal and distal factors that affect OP and SROH, using the adapted framework. Path analysis modeling was used to estimate direct, indirect, and total effects. The 2017 SA DHS used an innovative multistage stratified random-sampling technique to select the population sample by using primary health care centers’ catchment areas as the primary sampling unit. The final analysis included 29,274 adults, 9910 adolescents, and 11653 children. OP in the past year was experienced in 39% in children and, 48.5% for the adolescents, and 47.1% in adults. The proportion of respondents who reported good, very good, or excellent self-rated oral health status was 92.9 % in children, 87.1% in both adolescents and adults. In children group, OP was linked to less tooth brushing, more dental visits and less dental routine examination, while less favorable SROH was linked to less tooth brushing, more dental visits and sweets consumption. In adolescents and adults groups, OP and less favorable SROH were linked to more dental visits, complaint dental visits, less tooth brushing. Many distal influences showed significant effects (direct, indirect, and total) on OP and SROH; however, differences existed among the three age groups. The studies suggest that future investigations should focus on why Saudi residents perceive their oral health positively while the prevalence of negative oral health influences and OP was high.

In today’s world, eating disorders are plaguing adolescent women at alarming rates. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the two most common disorders and differ in their symptoms and prognoses. While the symptoms of these diseases are not readily visible in systemic health, deteriorating oral health can be a positive indication of abnormal eating habits. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa result in declining systemic health due to resulting nutritional imbalances and physical harm that patients exert upon themselves. Malnutrition results in altered endocrine function and consequent loss of menstruation, abnormal hair growth, and decreased peak bone mass. Although risk factors for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa vary, the resulting nutritional impoverishment produces the similar systemic effects. In addition to systemic health degradation, symptoms of anorexia and bulimia commonly manifest in the oral cavity. Chemically, salivary composition may be altered resulting in lower pH values. Patients may also exhibit temporary bilateral parotid gland swelling as a result of repeated purge episodes. The most critical oral effect of repeated purge episodes is loss of permanent enamel and is defined as perimolysis. Presently, research does not agree on whether or not eating disorders elevate the risk of dental carries. Although current literature unanimously agrees on the importance of early oral health detection and diagnosis of eating disorders, most dentist are not trained to properly identify and diagnose the manifestations of AN and BN within the oral cavity. Dental school and dental hygiene curriculums lack emphasis on the severity of eating disorders in general and do not allot adequate teaching hours for this matter. Sadly, even when dentists suspect the presence of eating disorders, they are not likely to intervene. Fortunately, full recovery is possible in eating disorder patients if proper therapy and medical attention is provided in a timely manner. Damaged dentition may also be fully restored with the use of crowns, composite fillings, and porcelain veneers. However, if disordered eating habits persist after dental restoration, the dentition will once again erode and deteriorate accordingly. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are serious diseases that need proper attention and medical intervention. Their severity should not be minimized as they may ultimately result in grave side effects and eventual death. Dental health practitioners have the ability of observe the presence of these diseases before others as obvious symptoms may present in the oral cavity. Dentists and dental hygienists need to be educated on the oral manifestations of eating disorders and proper protocol regarding timely intervention. With proper education and knowledge, dental health practitioners can reduce the severity of disease, resulting in better prognoses for patients.

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