Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-02-27T16:48:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA210.pdf: 1614873 bytes, checksum: 236bab6cf01b676397429dd551089261 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-27T16:48:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA210.pdf: 1614873 bytes, checksum: 236bab6cf01b676397429dd551089261 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-26 / Capes / Cattleya coccinea and Coppensia ranifera are epiphytic orchids, which have ornamental potential. Understanding how is the behavior of those species on their performance environments, along with in vitro culture of research is fundamental to building solid plans for the use and conservation of natural resources. We evaluated the occurrence of C. coccinea in three installments in the conservation unit complex Serra da Farofa in Urupema, SC; and C. ranifera in a forest fragment of a particular property in Brunópolis, SC. the frequencies of orchids were analyzed in vertical strata, the points chains (north, south, east and west) and correlation with height and diameter. In micropropagation C. ranifera protocorms we were used germinated in vitro longitudinally sectioned (2 mm) in medium Knudson C stationary and gelled liquid, supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 uM) to induce protocorm-like structures (ESP). For regeneration of plantlets was used in medium lacking growth regulators culture. For C. coccinea were recorded in 1398 orchids distributed in 258 phorophytes. Drimys angustifolia corresponded to 65.1% of phorophytes and held 72.2% of orchids. The Middle Fuste of phorophytes concentrated 68.7%, and the North face took 40.0% of orchids. The positive correlation to the height of phorophyte (r = 0.93) and diameter classes (r = 0.95) depending on the frequency of orchids, where 7.6 m center class obtained 32% of orchids and phorophytes; and 13,4cm class center obtained 30% of orchids and phorophytes. C. To ranifera frequencies of orchids were analyzed in vertical layers, positions in the chains, and correlation with height and diameter. They sampled 473 individuals of C. ranifera distributed in 72 phorophytes. Lamanonia ternata recorded 34.7% of phorophytes and took 42.5% of orchids. The Middle Fuste of phorophytes concentrated 54.8% and 40.6% north face orchids. Positive correlation was found to the height of phorophyte (r = 0.25) and negative for diametric classes (r = -0.88) depending on the frequency of orchids, where 14.4m center class obtained 17% of orchids and of phorophytes; the 17.5cm class center obtained 20% of orchids and phorophytes. The ESP formation occurs by direct route, without callus. The use of the liquid culture medium is more efficient than the medium gelled with respect to the number of ESP formed per explant. In liquid culture medium the highest percentage of formation and more ESP per explant occurs with the addition of 4 uM TDZ. It was established an efficient method for in vitro propagation C. ranifera, using thin layer technique cell (TCL), the efficiency (conversion percentage) in plantlet regeneration gelled media is higher than in the liquid medium. The data indicate colonization capacity and the importance of conservation actions of orchid species / Cattleya coccinea e Coppensia ranifera são orquídeas epífitas, que possuem potencial ornamental. Entender como se dá o comportamento dessas espécies em ambientes de sua ocorrência, juntamente com pesquisa de cultivo in vitro é fundamental para construção de planos sólidos para o uso e conservação dos recursos naturais. Avaliou-se a ocorrência de C. coccinea em três parcelas na unidade de conservação Complexo Serra da Farofa, em Urupema, SC; e de C. ranifera em um fragmento de floresta de uma propriedade particular, em Brunópolis, SC. Foram analisadas as frequências de orquídeas em estratos verticais, aos pontos cadeias (norte, sul, leste e oeste) e correlação com a altura e diâmetro. Na micropropagação de C. ranifera foram utilizados protocormos germinados in vitro seccionados longitudinalmente (2 mm) em meio Knudson C líquido estacionário e gelificado, suplementado com thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 M) para a indução de estruturas semelhantes a protocormos (ESP). Para a regeneração de plântulas foi utilizado meio de cultura isento de fitorreguladores. Para C. coccinea foram registradas 1398 orquídeas, distribuídas em 258 forófitos. Drimys angustifolia correspondeu a 65,1% dos forófitos e sustentou 72,2% das orquídeas. O Fuste Médio dos forófitos concentrou 68,7%, e a face Norte abrigou 40,0% das orquídeas. A correlação positiva para a altura do forófito (r=0,93) e classes Diamétricas (r=0,95) em função da frequência de orquídeas, onde centro de classe 7,6m obteve 32% das orquídeas e forófitos; e o centro de classe 13,4cm obteve 30% das orquídeas e forófitos. Para C. ranifera foram analisadas as frequências de orquídeas em estratos verticais, nas posições cadeias, e correlação com a altura e diâmetro. Foram amostrados 473 indivíduos de C. ranifera, distribuídas em 72 forófitos. Lamanonia ternata registrou 34,7% dos forófitos e abrigou 42,5% das orquídeas. O Fuste Médio dos forófitos concentraram 54,8% e a face Norte 40,6% orquídeas. Foi verificado a correlação positiva para a altura do forófito (r=0,25) e negativa para classes Diamétricas (r= - 0,88) em função da frequência de orquídeas, onde centro de classe 14,4m obteve 17% das orquídeas e dos forófitos; o centro de classe 17,5cm obteve 20% das orquídeas e forófitos. A formação de ESP ocorre por via direta, sem calo. A utilização de meio de cultura líquido é mais eficiente do que o meio gelificado com relação ao número de ESP formado por explante. Em meio líquido de cultura o maior percentual de formação e o maior número de ESP por explante ocorre com a adição de 4 M de TDZ. Estabeleceu-se um método eficiente de propagação in vitro para C. ranifera, utilizando a técnica de camada fina celular (TCL), a eficiência (percentual de conversão) na regeneração de plântula em meio gelificado é maior do que em meio líquido. Os dados indicam a capacidade de colonização e a importância de ações de conservação das espécies de orquídeas

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuÃria / As orquÃdeas sÃo plantas ornamentais que se destacam principalmente na floricultura devido à beleza, ao exotismo, à diversidade de cores, aos tamanhos e aos formatos de suas flores. A espÃcie Cattleya labiata e as do gÃnero Phalaenopsis apresentam uma grande oferta de opÃÃes de cores que tornam suas flores muito valorizadas e demandadas para comercializaÃÃo. Cattleya labiata à nativa do Nordeste brasileiro e suas floress sÃo levemente arroxeadas e perfumadas; enquanto que Phalaenopsis sp. produz flores brancas de longa durabilidade. A cultura de tecidos tem sido largamente empregada na multiplicaÃÃo massiva desses dois gÃneros. O estiolamento in vitro permite produzir grande nÃmero de plantas, reduzindo os riscos da ocorrÃncia de variaÃÃo somaclonal. Em razÃo disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influÃncia de diferentes ambientes de cultivo e de concentraÃÃes de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) e ANA (Ãcido naftaleno acÃtico) no estiolamento in vitro das orquÃdeas Cattleya labiata e Phalaenopsis sp. PlÃntulas oriundas de sementes germinadas in vitro com aproximadamente + 1,0 cm de comprimento foram inoculadas em tubos de ensaio contendo 15,0 mL de meio de cultura MS, acrescido de diferentes concentraÃÃes de BAP (0,0; 2,0 e 4,0 mg L-1), ANA (0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1) e ambientes de cultivo (sala de crescimento no escuro e com 16 horas de luz artificial), em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 3 (2 ambientes x 3 doses de BAP x 3 doses de ANA). Ao final de 150 dias, foram realizadas as seguintes avaliaÃÃes: a) nÃmero de brotos estiolados; b) nÃmero de nÃs por broto estiolado; c) comprimento da brotaÃÃo principal (cm); d) nÃmero de raÃzes e, e) massa seca total (g). O nÃmero de brotos estiolados e de nÃs (por broto estiolado) em plÃntulas de C. labiata e de nÃs por broto estiolado em Phalaenopsis sp. foram superiores no ambiente em ausÃncia de luz independente do fitorregulador utilizado, entretanto para o nÃmero de brotaÃÃes de Phalaenopsis sp. o ambiente luminoso foi o mais favorÃvel. A espÃcie C. labiata apresentou maior nÃmero de nÃs com a utilizaÃÃo de 2,0 mg L-1 de ANA na ausÃncia de BAP, e a orquÃdea Phalaenopsis sp. proporcionou maior nÃmero de nÃs com o emprego de 2,0 mg L-1 de ANA. Em plÃntulas de C. labiata e Phalaenopsis sp. a altura da brotaÃÃo principal foi superior em ambiente na ausÃncia de luz e, em contraste, o nÃmero de raÃzes e a massa seca total das plÃntulas foram superiores em ambiente na presenÃa de luz, sendo que para C. labiata esses resultados foram independentes do regulador de crescimento utilizado. / Orchids are ornamental plants that stand out mainly in floriculture due to the beauty, the exoticism, the diversity of colors, the sizes and shapes of their flowers. Cattleya labiata and species of the genus Phalaenopsis feature a wide range of color choices that make their flowers much valued and demanded for marketing. Cattleya labiata is native of the Brazilian Northeast and produces purplish and slightly fragrant flowers; and Phalaenopsis sp. produces white flowers for long lasting durability. Tissue culture is widely used in massive multiplication of genres. The in vitro etiolation allows to produce large numbers of plants, reducing the risk of somaclonal variation. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different cultivation environments and concentrations of BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) in vitro etiolation of the orchids Cattleya labiata and Phalaenopsis sp. Seedlings grown from seeds germinated in vitro with approximately + 1.0 cm in length were inoculated into test tubes containing 15.0 mL of MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.0, 2.0 and 4,0 mg L-1), NAA (0.0, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1) and culture environments (dark growth and room with artificial light) in a factorial 2 x 3 x 3 (2 environments x 3 doses of BAP x 3 doses of NAA). At the end of 150 days, the following evaluations were performed: a) number of etiolated shoots; b) number of nodes per etiolated shoot; c) length of the main sprout (cm); d) number of roots, and e) total dry mass (g). The number of etiolated shoots and nodes (per etiolated shoot) on seedlings of C. labiata and nodes per etiolated shoot in Phalaenopsis sp. were higher in the environment in the absence of light independent of the phytoregulator used, however the number of shoots of Phalaenopsis sp. the luminous environment was the most favorable. The species C. labiata showed a higher number of nodes with the use of 2.0 mg L-1 of NAA, in the absence of BAP, and Phalaenopsis sp. provided the highest number of nodes with the use of 2.0 mg L-1 of NAA. In seedlings of C. labiata and Phalaenopsis sp. the height of the main budding was higher in the environment in the absence of light, in contrast, the number of roots and total dry weight of seedlings were higher in luminous environment, and for C. labiata these results were independent regulator growth used.

Vanilla planifolia, orchidée épiphite florifère, est la principale source naturelle de l'arôme de vanille. Largement utilisé dans les produits laitiers, les boissons, les pâtisseries et les parfums, cet arôme est le résultat d'un processus complexe : de huit à neuf mois après la fécondation des fleurs, les gousses matures sont récoltées et traitées pendant environ un an afin de libérer leur bouquet aromatique. Aujourd'hui, plus de la moitié de la production mondiale de vanille provient de Madagascar. Pour faire face à cette concurrence, les producteurs de la Réunion se tournent vers la production de vanille "haut de gamme". L'exploitation des vanilliers les plus intéressants du point de vue aromatique est donc favorisée. Toutefois, les programmes d'amélioration se heurtent au manque de connaissances sur la physiologie de la plante. Il devient alors essentiel de mieux comprendre les mécanismes physiologiques et biochimiques impliqués dans la production aromatique des gousses de V. planifolia. Dans ce travail de thèse, une analyse des métabolites présents dans les gousses vertes et les feuilles de vanille a été effectuée par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire. Cette technique permet l'évaluation qualitative et quantitative des métabolites primaires (sucres, acides animés et organiques...) et secondaires (composés phénoliques...) présents dans la plante dans diverses conditions physiologiques : au cours du développement de la gousse, lors d'une infection virale, selon les saisons ou encore sur différentes accessions. / Vanilla planifolia, a flowering epiphitic orchid, is the major natural source of vanilla flavour. Largely used in dairy products, beverages, bakeries and perfume, vanilla flavour is obtained after a long process: from eight to nine months after flower pollinisation, mature pods are harvested and then prepered during about one year in order to release the characteristic vanilla aroma. Nowadays, more than half vanilla pods world production comes from Madagascar. To face the concurrence, a solution could be develop higher quality pods. Selection of the most aromatic vanilla plant is then preferred. Nevertheless, amelioration program are facing up to a lack of knowledge in vanilla plant physiology. It is now essential to understand more the physiological and biochemical mechanisms implied in the aromatic production of V. planifolia pods. In this thesis, a metabolomic analysis of vanilla green pods and leaves has been performed by nuclear magnetic resonance. This technique has allowed the qualitative and quantitative analysis of primary (sugar, amino and organic acids...) and secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds...) present in vanilla plant according to various physiological conditions: developing pods, viral infection, inter-accession or seasonal variation.

Les mécanismes à l'origine de la mise en place de l'isolement reproducteur sont relativement peu étudiés dans les radiations adaptatives insulaires. Selon la théorie de la spéciation écologique, l'isolement reproducteur résulte de la sélection divergente agissant sur des populations écologiquement différentes. Par leurs caractéristiques uniques, les îles océaniques constituent des systèmes idéals pour étudier le rôle des facteurs écologiques dans la diversification des lignées endémiques. Le rôle de l'habitat et des pollinisateurs dans la restriction des flux géniques inter et intraspécifique est examiné chez le faham (Jumellea rossii et J. fragrans), une orchidée endémique des Mascareignes. Pour ce faire, les patrons de différenciation phénotypique (traits floraux morphologiques et chimiques), environnementale (habitat, altitude, climat) et génétique (microsatellites nucléaires) ont été confrontés. À l'échelle intraspécifique, les résultats montrent que les flux de gènes sont principalement limités par les différences environnementales entre habitats sans rôle évident des pollinisateurs. A l'échelle interspécifique, outre les variations d'habitat, le changement de pollinisateur semble expliquer l'absence de flux de gènes. Dans le cadre du continuum de spéciation chez le faham, l'isolement reproducteur évoluerait en premier lieu en réponse à l'adaptation aux différents habitats, puis serait renforcé par l'adaptation à différents pollinisateurs. La révision de la taxinomie du clade et les priorités en terme de conservation sont également discutées. / Mechanisms responsible for the establishment of reproductive isolation are little studied in island adaptive radiations. According to the theory of ecological speciation, reproductive isolation results from the ecologically-based divergent selection. By their unique characteristics, oceanic islands are ideal systems to study the role of ecological factors in the diversification of endemic lineages. This study focuses on the role of habitat and pollinators in restricting inter and intraspecific gene flow between populations of faham (Jumellea spp.), an orchid endemic to Mascarene Islands. To do this, patterns of phenotypic differentiation (floral traits), environmental differentiation (habitat, altitude, climate) and genetic differentiation (nuclear microsatellites) were compared. At the intraspecific level, the results show that gene flow restriction is mainly due to the colonization of different habitat types with no obvious role of pollinators. At the interspecific level, in addition to the role of habitat, pollinator shift seems to explain effective complete reproductive isolation. By placing these results into the continuum of speciation, it appears that reproductive isolation evolve initially in response to adaptation to different habitats and, in a second phase, would be enhanced by pollinator-driven divergent selection. Operationally, this study reviews the taxonomy of faham and proposes to define management units and priorities in terms of conservation.

We studied asymbiotic and symbiotic propagation of terrestrial orchids. There wasn´t found statistical effect of organic nitrogen in the form of pepton for examined species of orchid in the asymbiotic propagation. There wasn?t confirmed the positive effect of microelements and addition of carbohydrates (sucrose, glukose and maltose) on the germination of Habenaria dentata. Effects of various iron salts weren´t striking to stimulate seed of Cypripedium calceolus. The effect of different isolates of mycorrhizal fungi in the symbiotic propagation wasn´t statistically proven on investigated species of orchids. The effect of examined substrates (Akadama, volcanic sand and substrate Lukscheiter Orchid) wasn´t statistically confirmed on growth of species Spiranthes odorata and Bletilla striata, when seedling of them were moved to ex vitro conditions.

Germination course and mycorrhizal partners during germination and adulthood were studied in Neottia ovata and N. cordata. Neottia ovata was studied in two different biotops: meadows and forests. Research was conducted in in situ conditions in the Šumava and the Smrčiny mountains.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-11-17T15:04:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeGouveaFajardo_TESE.pdf: 3260869 bytes, checksum: 3186d2c1c1792abff2cba08644e7739f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2015-11-17T15:20:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeGouveaFajardo_TESE.pdf: 3260869 bytes, checksum: 3186d2c1c1792abff2cba08644e7739f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-17T15:20:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeGouveaFajardo_TESE.pdf: 3260869 bytes, checksum: 3186d2c1c1792abff2cba08644e7739f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Cattleya granulosa Lindley ? uma orqu?dea end?mica de da Floresta Atl?ntica do litoral do Nordeste brasileiro. A facilidade de coleta, e distribui??o em ?reas costeiras de interesse econ?mico tornam suas popula??es um alvo constante da coleta predat?ria, que tamb?m sofrem degrada??o ambiental. Devido ao impacto gerado em suas popula??es, a esp?cie est? amea?ada. Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar os n?veis de agrega??o espacial em uma popula??o preservada, analisar as rela??es filogen?ticas de C. granulosa com outras quatro esp?cies de Laeliinae (Brassavola tuberculata, C. bicolor, C. labiata e C. schofieldiana) e ainda avaliar a diversidade gen?tica remanescente de 12 popula??es de C. granulosa, por meio de marcadores ISSR. Verificou-se especificidade da ep?fita C. granulosa com um ?nico for?fito, indiv?duos arb?reos de Eugenia spp. C. granulosa possui padr?o espacial agregado, com maior densidade de vizinhos no raio de at? 5 m. Nas rela??es filogen?ticas, C. bicolor exibiu o maior ?ndice de diversidade gen?tica (HE = 0,219), enquanto C. labiata exibiu o n?vel mais baixo (HE = 0,132). A porcentagem de varia??o gen?tica entre as esp?cies (AMOVA) foi de 23,26%. A an?lise de componentes principais (PCA) mostrou diverg?ncia gen?tica entre as esp?cies unifoliadas e bifolioladas. A PCA tamb?m indicou uma rela??o estreita entre C. granulosa e C. schofieldiana, que ? considerada por muitos pesquisadores uma variedade de C. granulosa. No estudo de gen?tica de popula??es, todos os locos foram polim?rficos. A alta diferencia??o gen?tica das popula??es (?ST = 0,391; P < 0,0001) determinou a estrutura??o em nove grupos, conforme modelo Log-likelihood da an?lise Bayesiana, com padr?o similar no dendrograma (UPGMA) e PCA. Houve correla??o positiva e significativa entre as dist?ncias geogr?ficas e gen?ticas entre as popula??es (r = 0,794; P = 0,017), indicando o isolamento pela dist?ncia. Padr?es de diversidade al?lica sugerem a ocorr?ncia de gargalos populacionais na maioria das popula??es de C. granulosa (n = 8). Assim, a manuten??o da diversidade gen?tica da esp?cie est? diretamente relacionada com a conserva??o das unidades ou grupos que est?o espacialmente distantes. / Cattleya granulosa Lind is a large and endemic orchid in Atlantic Forest fragments in Northeast Brazil. The facility of collecting, uniqueness of their flowers, which have varying colors between green and reddish brown, and distribution in coastal areas of economic interest make their populations a constant target of predation, which also suffer from environmental degradation. Due to the impact on their populations, the species is threatened. In this study, we evaluate the levels of spatial aggregation in a preserved population, analyze the phylogenetic relationships of C. granulosa Lindl. with four other Laeliinae species (Brassavola tuberculata, C. bicolor, C. labiata and C. schofieldiana) and also to evaluate the genetic diversity of 12 remaining populations of C. granulosa Lindl. through ISSR. There was specificity of epiphytic C. granula Lindl. with a single host tree, species of Eugenia sp. C. granulosa Lindl. own spatial pattern, with the highest density of neighbors within up to 5 m. Regarding the phylogenetic relationships and genetic patterns with other species of the genus, C. bicolor exhibited the greatest genetic diversity (HE = 0.219), while C. labiata exhibited the lowest level (HE = 0.132). The percentage of genetic variation among species (AMOVA) was 23.26%. The principal component analysis (PCA) of ISSR data showed that unifoliate and bifoliolate species are genetically divergent. PCA indicated a close relationship between C. granulosa Lindl. and C. schofieldiana, a species considered to be a variety of C. granulosa Lindl. by many researchers. Population genetic analysis using ISSR showed all polymorphic loci. The high genetic differentiation between populations (?ST = 0.391, P < 0.0001) determined the structure into nine groups according to log-likelihood of Bayesian analysis, with a similar pattern in the dendrogram (UPGMA) and PCA. A positive and significant correlation between geographic and genetic distances between populations was identified (r = 0.794, P = 0.017), indicating isolation by distance. Patterns of allelic diversity suggest the occurrence of population bottlenecks in most populations of C. granulosa Lindl. (n = 8). Genetic data indicate that enable the maintenance of genetic diversity of the species is complex and is directly related to the conservation of different units or groups that are spatially distant.

This thesis is focused on verifying in vitro cultivation techniques in micropropagation of tropical terrestrial orchid Macodes petola (Bl.) Lindl. The aim of the studies was to verify the responsiveness of the node explants of Macodes petola (Bl.) Lindl to different surface-sterilization methods and duration of sterilization time, as well as the transport of the node explants to agar medium. Node explants of Macodes petola (Bl.) Lindl were surface-sterilized with different disinfectants for different sterilization time and cultivated in primordial culture. The best results were observed by using sequential surface sterilization in ethyl alcohol (70%) and disinfectant Savo (2.5%) - ethyl alcohol being used for 15 seconds and Savo for 20 minutes.

The photosynthesis of the aerial roots of epiphytic orchids has been the subject of numerous studies. However, the roots are always evaluated as a homogeneous structure, even though they actually consist of significantly different areas. This work deals for the first time with the possibility of the spatial distribution of photosynthesis between the root layers, specifically the cortex and the stele. A combination of various microscopic techniques, the histochemical characterization of the apoplastic barriers and the immunohistochemical localization of the photosynthetic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase has been used. The results show that well-developed chloroplasts in the stele probably occur in the subfamily Epidendroideae in all epiphytic representatives, while in the subfamily Vanilloideae they occur occasionally. The ultrastructure of chloroplasts from both areas is systematically different, so it is likely that their functions also differ. Apoplastic barriers are prominent in the roots and differentiate early during root development, which can effectively isolate chloroplasts in the stele from the cortex. Chloroplasts also occur in the sclerenchyma cells of the stele, where were identified hitherto unknown pits in cell walls that could provide gas exchange within the stele....

No description available.