<p>Tillgången på organ är för liten i förhållande till efterfrågan. Många patienter hinner avlida i väntan på ett nytt organ. För att ingrepp ska få göras måste närstående underrättas. Den avlidne anses positiv till organdonation om han eller hon inte gjort sin vilja känd, närstående kan dock motsätta sig detta. Ungefär en tredjedel av de närstående nekar till donation om den avlidnes vilja inte är känd. För att kunna öka antalet donationer är det viktigt att få förståelse för vad som påverkar närstående i deras beslutsfattande om organdonation. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa faktorer som påverkar beslutsfattandet om organdonation hos närstående till avliden patient. Arbetet är utformat som en litteraturstudie, där resultatets 13 artiklar hämtades från databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Resultatet visar att faktorer som påverkade beslutsfattandet om organdonation hos närstående till avliden patient var den avlidnes vilja, personalens bemötande samt närståendes inställning, kunskap, existentiella och sociokulturella faktorer. Att veta den avlidnes vilja var den faktor som visade sig ha mest betydelse för närståendes beslutsfattande. I Sverige behövs mer forskning om faktorer som påverkar närståendes beslut om organdonation. Det behövs fler sjuksköterskor med kunskap om organdonation som kan ta hand om närstående som står inför ett donationsbeslut.</p> / <p>The supply of organs is less than the demand. Many patients die while they are waiting for an organ. For a surgical operation to be done, families must be informed. The patient is considered positive to organ procurement if he or she hasn’t declared his or her will, however next-of-kins can oppose this. About one third of the next-of-kins deny donation if the patient’s will isn’t declared. It’s important to understand what influence next-of-kins in their decision making about organ procurement, to increase the numbers of donations. The aim of this literature study was to describe factors that influence the decision making about organ procurement of next-of-kins to a passed away patient. This work is designed as a literature study, where 13 articles were collected from the databases Cinahl and PubMed. The results shows that factors which influenced the decision making of families to a passed away patient were the patient’s will, the staffs’ receiving of family members, families’ attitudes, knowledge and existential and sociocultural factors. To know the patient’s will about organ procurement was the factor that appeared to be the most significant for families’ decision making. In Sweden more research is needed about factors that influence families’ decision making about organ procurement. There is a need of more nurses with knowledge about organ procurement who can take care of families during their decision making.</p>

Tillgången på organ är för liten i förhållande till efterfrågan. Många patienter hinner avlida i väntan på ett nytt organ. För att ingrepp ska få göras måste närstående underrättas. Den avlidne anses positiv till organdonation om han eller hon inte gjort sin vilja känd, närstående kan dock motsätta sig detta. Ungefär en tredjedel av de närstående nekar till donation om den avlidnes vilja inte är känd. För att kunna öka antalet donationer är det viktigt att få förståelse för vad som påverkar närstående i deras beslutsfattande om organdonation. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa faktorer som påverkar beslutsfattandet om organdonation hos närstående till avliden patient. Arbetet är utformat som en litteraturstudie, där resultatets 13 artiklar hämtades från databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Resultatet visar att faktorer som påverkade beslutsfattandet om organdonation hos närstående till avliden patient var den avlidnes vilja, personalens bemötande samt närståendes inställning, kunskap, existentiella och sociokulturella faktorer. Att veta den avlidnes vilja var den faktor som visade sig ha mest betydelse för närståendes beslutsfattande. I Sverige behövs mer forskning om faktorer som påverkar närståendes beslut om organdonation. Det behövs fler sjuksköterskor med kunskap om organdonation som kan ta hand om närstående som står inför ett donationsbeslut. / The supply of organs is less than the demand. Many patients die while they are waiting for an organ. For a surgical operation to be done, families must be informed. The patient is considered positive to organ procurement if he or she hasn’t declared his or her will, however next-of-kins can oppose this. About one third of the next-of-kins deny donation if the patient’s will isn’t declared. It’s important to understand what influence next-of-kins in their decision making about organ procurement, to increase the numbers of donations. The aim of this literature study was to describe factors that influence the decision making about organ procurement of next-of-kins to a passed away patient. This work is designed as a literature study, where 13 articles were collected from the databases Cinahl and PubMed. The results shows that factors which influenced the decision making of families to a passed away patient were the patient’s will, the staffs’ receiving of family members, families’ attitudes, knowledge and existential and sociocultural factors. To know the patient’s will about organ procurement was the factor that appeared to be the most significant for families’ decision making. In Sweden more research is needed about factors that influence families’ decision making about organ procurement. There is a need of more nurses with knowledge about organ procurement who can take care of families during their decision making.

Bakgrund: Organdonation från avlidna är idag vanligt förekommande för att ge liv och hälsa åt svårt sjuka patienter. Operations- och intensivvårdssjuksköterskor är två av de yrkeskategorier som arbetar mest intimt med donatorvård, ett arbete som befunnits kunna ge såväl etiska som psykologiska efterverkningar. Syfte: Att sammanställa kunskap kring hur dessa yrkesgrupper upplever och hanterar arbetet med att vårda avlidna donatorer, med fokus på de strategier som används för att patienten ska behandlas med respekt och värdighet. Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. En litteratursökning i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL resulterande i 15 artiklar som inkluderades i resultatet. Resultat: Analysen genererade tre teman; ”Att vårda de döda” samlar utsagor och företeelser förknippade med denna vård. Här framkom synen på arbetet som stressigt och mentalt mycket tungt. Bristande förmåga att ta till sig hjärndödhetsbegreppet var vanligt och gjorde arbetet än svårare och mer etiskt utmanande. ”Att möjliggöra ett värdigt slut” beskriver en värdig behandling och strävan mot ett värdigt slut för donatorerna som de mest centrala förhållningssätten i vården av avlidna donatorer. I ”Att själv finna mening” beskrivs hur respondenterna, framför allt, genom att stötta varandra och genom vetskapen om det goda som kom ut av organdonation, både för de anhöriga och för organmottagarna. Ändå fann arbetet meningsfullt och givande. Slutsats: Denna studies resultat visar upp en bred problematik på en rad områden gällande vård av avlidna donatorer. Samtidigt som värdighet och respekt för de avlidna ansågs både viktigt och tillfredsställande. Att se sig själv och det goda som uppnåddes med arbetet, i ett större perspektiv gjorde arbetet positivt och tillfredsställande, trots de negativa aspekterna. / Background: Organ donation from deceased donors has become a common procedure that enables health and prolonged life for critically ill patients. Two of the professions most intimately involved with the care of the donors are operating room and intensive care nurses. This care has been found to cause adverse effects, ethical and psychological. Aim: To gather knowledge regarding how these two professions perceive, and cope with, the care of deceased donors. Focusing on strategies used to preserve and maintain respect and dignity for the donors. Method: Literature review with a qualitative approach. Results: Three themes emerged; ”Caring for the dead” collects statements and phenomena associated with the care. This was perceived as mentally exhausting and very stressful. Lack of understanding for the concept of brain death was common, which made the work harder and more ethically challenging. ”Facilitating a dignified end” established that very concept as the main purpose of the actions during donor care. ”To find a purpose” describes how the respondents, mainly, through support for each other and through the knowledge of the positive outcomes of organ donation, both for the donors’ families and for the organ recipients, still found meaningfulness and satisfaction in their work. Conclusion: This study displays a broad spectrum of adversities associated with donor care, in several areas. Dignity and respect for the deceased was deemed both highly important and personally satisfying. To see oneself and the good things achieved through ones labor, in a larger perspective, made donor care both positive and satisfying.

Thesis (Ph.D. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008. / Title from title page screen (viewed on April 24, 2008 ). Research advisor: Shelly White-Means, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xi, 101 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-100).

INTRODUÇÃO: A obtenção de órgãos para pesquisa é essencial para o estudo da neurobiologia da doença mental. Na comunidade científica internacional há uma demanda crescente para a disponibilização de tecido cerebral humano para estudos sobre a neurobiologia das doenças neuropsiquiátricas, com grande interesse no uso desses tecidos para a investigação dos processos biológicos básicos associados às doenças mentais. No cenário atual, entretanto, biobancos de tecido cerebral dedicados às doenças psiquiátricas são extremamente escassos. OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência de doação de tecido cerebral para pesquisa por familiares de pessoas que cometeram suicídio MÉTODO: Foram incluídas solicitações para doação de encéfalo a familiares de indivíduos que cometeram suicídio com idade entre 18 a 60 anos cuja necropsia foi realizada entre março de 2014 e fevereiro de 2016. Foram excluídos casos com lesões no tecido cerebral devido a trauma na hora da morte. RESULTADOS: Tivemos acesso a 56 casos de suicídio. Destes, 24 estavam dentre os critérios de exclusão do projeto. Foram excluídos do estudo 11 casos por falta de responsáveis para assinar o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Finalmente, dos 21 remanescentes, 9 responsáveis autorizaram a doação de tecido cerebral, em sete casos de fragmento de córtex e dois do encéfalo. CONCLUSÕES: As doações de tecido cerebral para pesquisa são indispensáveis para a elucidação de causas biológicas, e há uma escassez de material biológico disponível para a investigação do sistema nervoso central em doenças neuropsiquiátricas. Neste estudo demostra-se que a doação para pesquisa em nosso meio é possível, com uma proporção de consentimento similar àquela relatada em doenças neurodegenerativas. / INTRODUCTION: Obtaining organs for research is essential to study the neurobiology of mental illness. The international scientific community there is a growing demand for the availability of human brain tissue for studies of the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, with great interest in the use of these tissues for investigation of basic biological processes associated with mental illness. In the current scenario, however, brain tissue biobanks dedicated to psychiatric disorders are extremely scarce. OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of brain tissue donation for research purposes by families of individuals that committed suicide. METHODS: All the requests for brain tissue donation for a brain biorepository made to the families of individuals aged 18-60 years that committed suicide between March 2014 and February 2016 were included. Cases presenting with brain damage due to acute trauma were excluded. RESULTS: Fifty-six suicide cases were reported. 24 fulfilled the exclusion criteria; 11 were excluded because no next of kin was found to sign the informed consent. Finally, of the 21 remaining cases, brain tissue donation was authorized in 9 - – 7 fragments of brain tissue and 2 the entire organ. CONCLUSIONS: The donation of brain tissue for research is essential for the elucidation of the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric illness. In the present study, we report the feasibility of brain tissue donation for research purposes. Moreover, that the rates of this sort of donation is similar to the rates reported for neurodegenerative diseases.

INTRODUÇÃO: A obtenção de órgãos para pesquisa é essencial para o estudo da neurobiologia da doença mental. Na comunidade científica internacional há uma demanda crescente para a disponibilização de tecido cerebral humano para estudos sobre a neurobiologia das doenças neuropsiquiátricas, com grande interesse no uso desses tecidos para a investigação dos processos biológicos básicos associados às doenças mentais. No cenário atual, entretanto, biobancos de tecido cerebral dedicados às doenças psiquiátricas são extremamente escassos. OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência de doação de tecido cerebral para pesquisa por familiares de pessoas que cometeram suicídio MÉTODO: Foram incluídas solicitações para doação de encéfalo a familiares de indivíduos que cometeram suicídio com idade entre 18 a 60 anos cuja necropsia foi realizada entre março de 2014 e fevereiro de 2016. Foram excluídos casos com lesões no tecido cerebral devido a trauma na hora da morte. RESULTADOS: Tivemos acesso a 56 casos de suicídio. Destes, 24 estavam dentre os critérios de exclusão do projeto. Foram excluídos do estudo 11 casos por falta de responsáveis para assinar o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Finalmente, dos 21 remanescentes, 9 responsáveis autorizaram a doação de tecido cerebral, em sete casos de fragmento de córtex e dois do encéfalo. CONCLUSÕES: As doações de tecido cerebral para pesquisa são indispensáveis para a elucidação de causas biológicas, e há uma escassez de material biológico disponível para a investigação do sistema nervoso central em doenças neuropsiquiátricas. Neste estudo demostra-se que a doação para pesquisa em nosso meio é possível, com uma proporção de consentimento similar àquela relatada em doenças neurodegenerativas. / INTRODUCTION: Obtaining organs for research is essential to study the neurobiology of mental illness. The international scientific community there is a growing demand for the availability of human brain tissue for studies of the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, with great interest in the use of these tissues for investigation of basic biological processes associated with mental illness. In the current scenario, however, brain tissue biobanks dedicated to psychiatric disorders are extremely scarce. OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of brain tissue donation for research purposes by families of individuals that committed suicide. METHODS: All the requests for brain tissue donation for a brain biorepository made to the families of individuals aged 18-60 years that committed suicide between March 2014 and February 2016 were included. Cases presenting with brain damage due to acute trauma were excluded. RESULTS: Fifty-six suicide cases were reported. 24 fulfilled the exclusion criteria; 11 were excluded because no next of kin was found to sign the informed consent. Finally, of the 21 remaining cases, brain tissue donation was authorized in 9 - – 7 fragments of brain tissue and 2 the entire organ. CONCLUSIONS: The donation of brain tissue for research is essential for the elucidation of the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric illness. In the present study, we report the feasibility of brain tissue donation for research purposes. Moreover, that the rates of this sort of donation is similar to the rates reported for neurodegenerative diseases.

La transplantation d'un organe peut s’avérer être le traitement de dernier recours en cas de dysfonctionnement terminal. Mais le nombre de greffons proposés à la transplantation ne suffit pas à satisfaire le nombre croissant de demandes. Des solutions alternatives sont proposées pour tenter de réduire cet écart. Certaines d'entre elles peuvent heurter les principes philosophiques fondateurs de cette activité médicale, qui constituent prioritairement le socle d'une éthique de conviction.Limité à la transmission d'un organe prélevé sur une personne décédée, ce travail de thèse propose une exploration raisonnée de certains éléments principiels, tels que le consentement, la gratuité et la "règle du donneur mort". Dans un second temps, il présente une lecture critique de certaines solutions nouvellement proposées, éclairée par une vision conforme à une éthique de responsabilité. / The organ transplantation may be the last treatment for terminal organ failure. But the number of available transplants is insufficient to meet increasing demand. Alternative solutions are proposed in an attempt to reduce the gap between the number of patients waiting for a transplant and the number of available transplants. Some of them may offend the philosophical principles of this medical practice, which establish the ethics of conviction.Limited to consideration to the transplantation of organs removed from deceased donors, this thesis first offers a reasoned exploration of some principled elements, such as consent, free transfer and the " dead donor rule ". Secondly, it presents a critical reading of some newly proposed solutions to reduce the gap, informed by a vision consistent with the ethics of responsibility.

No description available.

Background: The demand for organ donation is increasing but there is always a lack of organ donor supply. To receive an organ donation, specific criteria must be met. Matching criteria between the donor and the recipient is critically important. The likelihood of having a capable organ increases when the donors and recipients have the same ethnicity. However, the number of organ donors differ significantly based on ethnicity. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review was to explore the impact of cultural background and education among the Asian and non-Hispanic White population on organ donation and how it impacts individuals' decisions on becoming organ donators. Methods: To explore the impact of cultural background and education on the Asian and non-Hispanic White population regarding organ donation, a literature review was conducted. The databases including, CINAHL Plus with Full Text and MEDLINE were utilized. Google Scholar was used for additional articles related to the topic. The time frame of the articles was from January 2012 to January 2022, a ten-year frame. Results: Overall, the Asian population had a lower deceased organ donation rate and registration rate in comparison to the non-Hispanic White population. The factors that contributed to low organ donation and registration include traditional religion, lack of knowledge, miscommunication, mistrust in the healthcare system, and consideration of family members' attitudes. Conclusion: Organ donation and registration rates remain low in the Asian population in comparison to the non-Hispanic White population due to several barriers related to their cultural background. Thus, it is critical to educate the patients and their family members regarding organ donation to increase the organ donation and registration rate.

Transplant medicine has been developing fast, bringing about also development of nursing care in this field. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the experience of perioperative nurses with organ procurement at the IKEM Transplant Centre and to obtain information on the procurement of different organs, organ storage, the organisation of perioperative nurses' work and on how the nurses perceive their work. This thesis applied a qualitative method, using semi-structured interviews divided into several parts, and the results were subsequently categorized. Meister's questionnaire was used to assess the mental workload of perioperative nurses. A total of 8 perioperative nurses working in full-time positions at the IKEM Transplant Centre and 8 perioperative nurses working in surgery units, all of them chosen by non-probability sampling, participated in the survey. Perioperative nurses perceive differences in the procurement of different organs from cadaver donors and know the possible modification of the procedure. What matters to them is the organ that is procured - kidney procurement or multiple organ procurement in cooperation with multiple surgeon teams, split-liver or reduction-liver transplantation or the donor's age. The nurses emphasize that their job requires responsibility, is demanding and causes stress. More experienced nurses participate in organ procurement in donor hospitals, bearing their own responsibility, but at the same time working in a well-functioning transplant team that includes also the coordinator and procurement surgeon. These nurses work on-call and are responsible for organising the work in the surgery room. They know that their job is demanding and are proud of where they work; however, they very often point out the stressfulness of their work. They know it is necessary to take time to relax and regenerate. Transplant centre perioperative nurses can be assessed as the second category of Meister's questionnaire, while perioperative nurses in surgery units as Meister's first category. This thesis may be used as study material and was used for a presentation at a medical conference.