In this dissertation, I develop frameworks and models capturing the effects of marketing capital and R and D capital on firm growth and sustained membership in the Fortune 500 cohort. Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm and industrial organization theories, in the first essay, I develop hypotheses on the relationships among a firm's marketing capital, R and D capital, key firm-specific and industry-specific factors and survival as a Fortune 500 firm. I test these hypotheses using a proportional hazard model on a uniquely compiled large panel data set of manufacturing Fortune 500 firms over a 25-year period. The results show that while both marketing and R and D capitals have significant and direct positive associations with survival as a Fortune 500 firm, the moderating effects of industry growth on the relationships between marketing capital and survival as a Fortune 500 firm and between R and D capital and survival as a Fortune 500 firm is asymmetric. It is positive for marketing capital but negative for R and D capital. Thus, to retain firms‘ position on the Fortune 500 list, managers may want to consider investing more in marketing (R and D) when industry growth is high (low). In the second essay, I examine the effect of advertising capital and R and D capital, their complementarities, and their interactions with the environmental contingency factors of dynamism, munificence, and complexity on sales growth, profit growth, and market value growth. Using dynamic panel data analysis of 185 firms over an eight year period (2000-2007), I uncover a nuanced understanding of how advertising and R and D capital affect these performance measures. My results show that both R and D capital and advertising capital directly affect sales growth, but neither has a direct impact on profit growth. Furthermore, R and D capital has a direct impact on market value growth. I also find that while the interaction of advertising capital and R and D capital does not directly affect sales growth or market value growth, it has a positive direct impact on profit growth. Finally, I find that environmental contingencies matter. For instance, environmental dynamism negatively (positively) moderates the relationship between R and D (advertising) capital and sales growth.

Background: In Sweden, only 652 companies have managed to reach the criterions stated by Dagens Industri in their ranking of the Swedish gazelle compa-nies. Rapidly growing companies are very important for the creation of job opportunities and economic wealth. Growth is associated with significant costs, especially for a manufacturing company, and capital is therefore vital for a company’s prosperity. Capital can be either internally generated or externally provided. Previous research has shown that companies firstly prefer internally generated funds, then debt and last new equity. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe, analyze and provide examples on how Swedish gazelle companies have financed their growth, what financing options they have and for what purposes they needed finance. The thesis will also examine the importance of external financer’s contribution with financial and human capital for the growth of the gazelles. Method: A qualitative approach has been used to meet the purpose of the thesis. 12 in-depth, unstructured phone interviews have been conducted with some of the fastest growing gazelle companies in Sweden. Conclusions: A company can finance its growth using owner’s equity, retained earnings, leasing, factoring, public subsidies and loans, bank loans, venture capital and business angels. All these sources of finance are represented in the empirical findings except for factoring. Internally generated capital has mainly been used to cover working capital and to some extent smaller in-vestments. The externally provided capital has mainly been invested in larger investments like machines, property and product development. The financial capital has been the main contribution by external financers except for business angels, where the human capital was most important.

<p>Background: In Sweden, only 652 companies have managed to reach the criterions stated by Dagens Industri in their ranking of the Swedish gazelle compa-nies. Rapidly growing companies are very important for the creation of job opportunities and economic wealth. Growth is associated with significant costs, especially for a manufacturing company, and capital is therefore vital for a company’s prosperity. Capital can be either internally generated or externally provided. Previous research has shown that companies firstly prefer internally generated funds, then debt and last new equity.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe, analyze and provide examples on how Swedish gazelle companies have financed their growth, what financing options they have and for what purposes they needed finance. The thesis will also examine the importance of external financer’s contribution with financial and human capital for the growth of the gazelles.</p><p>Method: A qualitative approach has been used to meet the purpose of the thesis. 12 in-depth, unstructured phone interviews have been conducted with some of the fastest growing gazelle companies in Sweden.</p><p>Conclusions: A company can finance its growth using owner’s equity, retained earnings, leasing, factoring, public subsidies and loans, bank loans, venture capital and business angels. All these sources of finance are represented in the empirical findings except for factoring. Internally generated capital has mainly been used to cover working capital and to some extent smaller in-vestments. The externally provided capital has mainly been invested in larger investments like machines, property and product development. The financial capital has been the main contribution by external financers except for business angels, where the human capital was most important.</p>

<p>In Sweden, only 652 companies have managed to reach the criterions stated by Dagens Industri in their ranking of the Swedish gazelle companies. Rapidly growing companies are very important for the creation of job opportunities and economic wealth. Growth is associated with significant costs, especially for a manufacturing company, and capital is therefore vital for a company’s prosperity. Capital can be either internally generated or externally provided. Previous research has shown that companies firstly prefer internally generated funds, then debt and last new equity.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to describe, analyze and provide examples on how Swedish gazelle companies have financed their growth, what financing options they have and for what purposes they needed finance. The thesis will also examine the importance of external financer’s contribution with financial and human capital for the growth of the gazelles.</p><p>A qualitative approach has been used to meet the purpose of the thesis. 12 in-depth, unstructured phone interviews have been conducted with some of the fastest growing gazelle companies in Sweden.</p><p>A company can finance its growth using owner’s equity, retained earnings, leasing, factoring, public subsidies and loans, bank loans, venture capital and business angels. All these sources of finance are represented in the empirical findings except for factoring. Internally generated capital has mainly been used to cover working capital and to some extent smaller investments. The externally provided capital has mainly been invested in larger investments like machines, property and product development. The financial capital has been the main contribution by external financers except for business angels, where the human capital was most important.</p>

Sales growth requires a management model. In this way, the following article describes a pragmatic sales growth model based on the intersection of two growth options (organic or inorganic) and the two most common distribution channels (direct and indirect). The correct execution of a model that combines those four variables at the same time or independently, according to the business need, will determine a sustainable growth, but only if our organization has the appropriate commercial and functional capabilities. / Para crecer en ventas es necesario emplear un modelo de gestión. En este sentido, el presente artículo describe un modelo pragmático de crecimiento en ventas basado en la combinación de dos opciones de crecimiento (orgánico e inorgánico) y los dos clásicos canales de distribución (directos e indirectos). La correcta ejecución de un modelo que combine estas cuatro variables en paralelo, o de manera  independiente en función a la necesidad de los negocios, determinará un sostenido crecimiento, siempre y cuando se cuente con las competencias comerciales y organizacionales apropiadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:40:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lindomar_Assi.pdf: 1380412 bytes, checksum: 04c33cb8b847cbf218a9a050fc0ffc83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Due the environmental pollution and damages in non-target organisms, by the indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture, it is necessary the search for new plant diseases control technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity against Alternaria solani and Xanthomonas vesicatoria and the control of early blight and bacterial spot on tomato plants, using stable formulation, as soluble powder, from Rosmarinus officinalis, Curcuma longa and Pycnoporus sanguineus fruiting body. To determine the shelf life, the soluble powder was kept at 40 oC during 0, 60, 120 and 180 days and assayed with five concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1). When the shelf life and the best concentrations were defined, it was evaluated the timeinterval of spraying of seven, 14 and 21 days. As control treatments were used the fungicides azoxystrobin (200 mg of active ingredient a.i L-1) to early blight and oxychloride (400 mg a.i. L-1) to bacterial spot. There were no in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities from all extracts. The calculated concentration of P. sanguineus extract for the best control of diseases was 130 mg L-1, with 24 months of shelf live to soluble powder. In vivo, the three extracts, spraying weekly gave the same control of fungicides to early blight and bacterial spot, with values of disease reduction up to 75% for rosemary and turmeric and 79% for P. sanguineus. These results show that the aqueous extract obtained from R. officinalis, C. longa and P. sanguineus soluble powder formulation, can protect tomato plants against early blight and bacterial spot, probably by resistance induction / Face aos problemas de contaminação ambiental e danos em organismos não alvos resultantes do uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos, têm-se buscado novas medidas de proteção das plantas contra as doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro contra Alternaria solani e Xanthomonas vesicatoria e o controle da pinta preta e da mancha bacteriana no tomateiro, utilizando para tanto, produto formulado estável, na forma de pó solúvel, de folhas de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis), rizomas de cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) e basidiocarpo de Pycnoporus sanguineus. Para o teste de estabilidade, o pó solúvel foi armazenado a 40 oC por 0, 60, 120 e 180 dias e testado em cinco concentrações (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1). Definidos o tempo de prateleira e a melhor concentração, avaliaram-se os intervalos de aplicação de sete, 14 e 21 dias. Como tratamentos controle foram utilizados os fungicidas azoxystrobin (200 mg do ingrediente ativo i.a. L-1) para a pinta preta e oxicloreto de cobre (400 mg i.a. L-1) para a mancha bacteriana. Não houve in vitro atividade antifúngica a antibacteriana de todos os extratos. A concentração calculada de extrato de P. sanguineus que resultou em menor severidade das doenças foi em média ao redor de 130 mg L-1, com tempo de prateleira do pó solúvel de 24 meses. In vivo, os extratos proporcionaram o mesmo nível de controle da pinta preta e da mancha bacteriana que os fungicidas utilizados, com eficiência de até 75% para alecrim e cúrcuma e 79%, para P. sanguineus, todos em intervalo de aplicação de sete dias. Estes resultados demonstram a eficiência do controle da pinta preta e da mancha bacteriana do tomateiro, provavelmente por indução de resistência, pelo extrato aquoso obtido de formulação pó solúvel de R. officinalis, C. longa e P. sanguineus.

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Die vorangegangen Darstellungen haben gezeigt, auf welchen Art und Weise verschiedene Unternehmen zu Größe und Macht gelangen können. Dabei verdeutlichen die gewählten Fallbeispiele sehr genau, wie unterschiedlich die Wege zum Erfolg beschrieben werden können. Auf der einen Seite sehen wir die General Motors Corporation, die schon seit den ersten Tagen des Automobils eine Strategie der Expansion durch externen Unternehmenszukauf betreibt. Ihr gegenüber steht Toyota, ein Automobilhersteller der seinen Erfolg hauptsächlich der Nutzung des eigenen internen Entwicklungspotentials verdankt. Beide zusammen repräsentieren die zwei größten Automobilkonzerne der Welt.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-09-01T21:02:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valmir Alves Ventura.pdf: 3298811 bytes, checksum: 15d1e14ae8cc68eef2e5840c2f85b5b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T21:02:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valmir Alves Ventura.pdf: 3298811 bytes, checksum: 15d1e14ae8cc68eef2e5840c2f85b5b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / This thesis aimed to investigate and respond how the learning mediates the process of strategic entrepreneurship (SE) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of high organic growth. As the adopted theoretical foundation, the SE was set as the organizational ability to develop simultaneously, on the one hand, the opportunity-seeking (exploration) strategies (OSS) prospecting strategies opportunity and more radical innovations, preparing the structure, organizational culture and operations, unstructured or routinely to generate sources of future competitive advantage, and moreover, advantage-seeking (exploitation) strategies (ASS) and more incremental innovations aligned with key business skills and opportunities identified in previous periods, a more structured and regular manner by means of known routines to generate competitive advantage in the short and medium term. The study is featured with a inductive qualitative research, based on multiples cases studies of six high organic growth of SMEs, operating in different segments, and located in four states. As the main procedure of data collection, there were semi-structured interviews with managers and employees. And as an accessory procedure, direct observation, focus interviews and collecting documentary evidence were carried out. The study took place in three phases. At first, indications of SMEs characterized as high organic growth were given by entities such as Endeavor, CIETEC / USP and PROINE / UFG. It is observed that these companies account for 1.5% of operating in the market. In the second part, there was the collection of data to find what were the actions and organizational strategies adopted in each case. In the third part, it was executed the analysis of data of the multiples cases based on the theories, concomitant with their field validation. As the main result of this thesis, it was identified that mediate learning in the SE process in high organic growth SMEs happens in an evolutionary and systemic manner, for four interdependent phases, Stimulation, Emancipation, Integration and Overrun. In phase 1, the entrepreneurial leadership provides the opportunity for employees to experience challenges and expand their cognitive abilities for the sake of personal and organizational development. This leadership transforms the environment of tension in positive stimulus and creates a learning culture that, systemically, spreads from anywhere in the organization. In phase 2, the employees acquire greater autonomy because they share the same environment in the search for solutions to organizational problems. In phase 3, the equity in the interaction with the social environment and the relevance of the objectives integrating the team, generate belloging and soften possible differences. In phase 4, the knowledge of limits, capabilities and organizational challenges creates resilience, which systemically, feeds back and strengthens the system. Mediation of learning is complex, built incrementally, and their maturity does not depend on a pre-set exact point, because it is subject combination of mechanisms and mediation elements. The mechanisms that interact and permeate the four phases are: conditioning factors of learning, strategies for prospecting and exploitation, organizational (culture, structure and operations) and types and levels of learning. Studies like this can contribute grants to small organizations, medium and large to stimulate an entrepreneurial leadership, reduce organizational stress and create a culture of learning, in order to implement effectively and balance the PSO and CARS to generate growth and wealth for organizations. / Esta tese objetivou investigar e responder como a aprendizagem media o processo do empreendedorismo estratégico (EE) em pequenas e médias empresas (PME) de alto crescimento orgânico. Conforme fundamentação teórica adotada, definiu-se EE como a capacidade organizacional de desenvolver simultaneamente, de um lado, estratégias de prospecção de oportunidade (EPO) e inovações mais radicais, preparando a estrutura, cultura organizacional e operações, de forma não estruturada ou rotineira, para gerar fontes de vantagem competitiva futura, e por outro lado, estratégias de aproveitamento de vantagem competitiva (EAVC) e inovações mais incrementais, alinhadas às competências empresariais essenciais e às oportunidades identificadas em períodos anteriores, de forma mais estruturada e regular, por meio de rotinas conhecidas, para gerar vantagem competitiva em curto e médio prazos. O estudo é caracterizado com uma pesquisa qualitativa, indutiva baseada no estudo de casos múltiplos de seis PME de alto crescimento orgânico, atuantes em diferentes segmentos, e localizadas em quatro estados brasileiros. Como procedimento principal de coleta de dados, realizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gestores e colaboradores, e como procedimento acessório, realizaram-se observação direta, entrevistas focais e coleta de dados documentais. A pesquisa ocorreu em três fases. Na primeira, por meio de entidades como Endeavor, CIETEC / USP e PROINE / UFG, obteve-se indicações de PME, caracterizadas como de alto crescimento orgânico. Observa-se que essas empresas correspondem a 1,5% das atuantes no mercado. Na segunda, realizou-se a coleta de dados de modo a constatar quais eram as ações e estratégias organizacionais adotadas em cada caso. Na terceira, efetuou-se a análise dos dados dos múltiplos casos à luz das teorias, concomitante com sua validação em campo. Como principal resultado desta tese, foi identificado que a mediação da aprendizagem no processo do EE em PME de alto crescimento orgânico ocorre de forma evolutiva e sistêmica, em quatro fases interdependentes, Estimulação; Emancipação; Integração; e Superação. Na Fase 1, a liderança empreendedora propicia a possibilidade aos colaboradores de vivenciarem desafios e ampliarem suas capacidades cognitivas em prol do desenvolvimento pessoal e organizacional. Essa liderança transforma a tensão do ambiente em estímulo positivo e cria uma cultura de aprendizagem que, de forma sistêmica, dissemina-se a partir de qualquer ponto da organização. Na Fase 2, os colaboradores adquirem maior autonomia por compartilharem o mesmo ambiente na busca por soluções dos problemas organizacionais. Na Fase 3, a equidade na interação com o meio social e a pertinência dos objetivos integram a equipe, geram pertencimento e amenizam possíveis diferenças. Na Fase 4, o conhecimento dos limites, capacidades e desafios organizacionais gera resiliência, que de forma sistêmica, retroalimenta e reforça o sistema. A mediação da aprendizagem é complexa, construída de forma incremental, e sua maturação não depende de um ponto exato pré-definido, pois está sujeita a combinação dos mecanismos e elementos de mediação. Os mecanismos que interagem e permeiam as quatro fases são: fatores condicionantes da aprendizagem, estratégias de prospecção e de aproveitamento, organizacionais (cultura, estrutura e operações) e tipos e níveis de aprendizagem. Estudos como este podem contribuir com subsídios às organizações de pequeno, médio e grande portes para estimularem uma liderança empreendedora, reduzirem a tensão organizacional e criarem uma cultura da aprendizagem, de modo a aplicarem com efetividade e equilíbrio as EPO e as EAVC a fim de gerar crescimento e riqueza para as organizações.

Die vorangegangen Darstellungen haben gezeigt, auf welchen Art und Weise verschiedene Unternehmen zu Größe und Macht gelangen können. Dabei verdeutlichen die gewählten Fallbeispiele sehr genau, wie unterschiedlich die Wege zum Erfolg beschrieben werden können. Auf der einen Seite sehen wir die General Motors Corporation, die schon seit den ersten Tagen des Automobils eine Strategie der Expansion durch externen Unternehmenszukauf betreibt. Ihr gegenüber steht Toyota, ein Automobilhersteller der seinen Erfolg hauptsächlich der Nutzung des eigenen internen Entwicklungspotentials verdankt. Beide zusammen repräsentieren die zwei größten Automobilkonzerne der Welt.