Frente al panorama actual de incertidumbre a causa de la pandemia del coronavirus, las organizaciones se han visto obligadas a adaptar sus estrategias y contenidos de comunicación a las altas necesidades de información por parte del público para mantener el compromiso de estos hacia la organización a la que pertenecen. La presente investigación plantea el análisis de la gestión de la comunicación interna corporativa y el clima organizacional para comprender el desarrollo del compromiso laboral de estos en una empresa de fabricación y venta de electrodomésticos. El motivo de esta yace en los recientes hallazgos sobre la relación de la felicidad percibida y generada en el entorno de trabajo y su posible relación con el compromiso de los colaboradores hacia la empresa, así como la relación de la comunicación interna con la construcción de un clima organizacional percibido como positivo. La metodología empleada será cualitativa, ya que se analizará la relación entre la comunicación interna y el clima organizacional, dos aspectos intangibles muy relevantes en cuanto a las relaciones laborales desde la perspectiva de los colaboradores, quien serán los entrevistados. / Faced with the current panorama of uncertainty due to the coronavirus pandemic, organizations have been forced to adapt their communication content and strategies to the high information needs of their different audiences to maintain their commitment to the organization. This research proposes the analysis of the management of corporate internal communication and the organizational climate to understand the development of their work commitment in a company that manufactures and sells household appliances. The reason for this lies in the recent findings on the relationship of happiness perceived and generated in the work environment and its possible relationship with the commitment of employees to the company, as well as the relationship of internal communication with the construction of a positive perceived organizational climate. The methodology used will be qualitative, since the relationship between internal communication and the organizational climate will be analyzed, two highly relevant intangible aspects in terms of labor relations from the perspective of the collaborators, who will be the interviewees. / Trabajo de investigación

Los requerimientos de los individuos van cambiando continuamente a causa de la globalización. Por tal motivo, las empresas de servicio deben responder de manera inmediata, con la finalidad de satisfacerlos y ser sostenibles en el tiempo. Sin embargo, muchas de estas organizaciones no les dan importancia a las necesidades de los empleados ni a los factores que influyen en el proceso de creación de nuevas ideas y atención al cliente. Es por ello que la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la satisfacción de los empleados de primera línea (FLE – frontline employees) en la percepción de calidad y la satisfacción del cliente en una organización. En consecuencia, se utilizó un método de estudio que consta de la recopilación de revistas científicas que ayudaron a analizar los comportamientos de los FLE y de los clientes. Asimismo, se identificaron los diversos elementos motivacionales durante el encuentro de servicio. Como resultado, se obtuvo que la satisfacción del cliente se ve influenciada por el desempeño y la satisfacción laboral de los FLE, ambos son producto de un agradable clima organizacional. Así, esta investigación es de gran utilidad para que los gerentes puedan conocer la percepción de la organización por parte de sus empleados y clientes, y para elaborar propuestas de mejora en los elementos del clima organizacional y favorecer los resultados de la organización. / The requirements of individuals are constantly changing due to globalization. For this reason, service companies must respond immediately in order to satisfy them and to be sustainable over time. However, many of these organizations do not give importance to the needs of employees and the factors that influence the process of creating new ideas and customer service. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the impact of front-line employee (FLE) satisfaction on the perception of quality and customer satisfaction in an organization. Accordingly, a study method was used, consisting of the collection of scientific journals that helped to analyze the behaviors of FLE and customers. The various motivational elements during the service encounter were also identified. As a result, it was found that the level of customer satisfaction is influenced by the performance and job satisfaction of FLE, both of which are products of a pleasant organizational climate. Therefore, this research will be useful for managers to learn about the perception of the organization by their employees and customers. Furthermore, it will be useful for developing proposals to improve the elements of the organizational climate and to improve the results of the organization. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la influencia del clima organizacional en la satisfacción laboral de los colaboradores de microempresas fabricantes de la industria del calzado en Lima Metropolitana, 2019. El diseño de la investigación es de base no experimental, con corte transversal a fin de conocer si existe una relación de tipo correlacional-causal. La metodología planteada para la recolección de datos es de enfoque cuantitativo y se elaboró una encuesta de tipo Likert con el propósito de precisar la relación causal de las variables y predecir cómo actúan los colaboradores dentro del ambiente laboral. La confiabilidad de dicho instrumento fue determinada mediante el Coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach (0.943) y, su validación, fue otorgada mediante el juicio de un experto. De una población de 13 920 colaboradores de microempresas en Lima Metropolitana, se delimitó mediante la técnica de muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple una muestra correspondiente a 374 colaboradores del sector calzado. De acuerdo al Coeficiente de Correlación de Spearman (ρ = 0.623) y al Coeficiente de determinación (R2 = 0.440), se infiere que, en Lima Metropolitana, los colaboradores de microempresas fabricantes de la industria del calzado perciben que el clima organizacional influye directamente en la satisfacción laboral. / The purpose of this research work is to determine the influence of the organizational climate on the job satisfaction of collaborators of micro-manufacturing companies in the footwear industry in Metropolitan Lima, 2019. The research design is non-experimental, with a cross-section to in order to find out if there is a correlational-causal relation. The methodology proposed for data collection is quantitative in approach and a Likert-type survey was prepared to specify the causal relationship of the variables and predicting how employees work within the work environment. The reliability of this instrument was determined by means of the Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient (0.943) and its validation was granted through the judgment of an expert. From a population of 13,920 microenterprise collaborators in Metropolitan Lima, a sample corresponding to 374 collaborators in the footwear sector was delimited using the simple random probability sampling technique. According to the Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient (ρ = 0.623) and the Coefficient of Determination (R2 = 0.440), it is inferred that, in Metropolitan Lima, the collaborators of micro-manufacturing companies in the footwear industry perceive that the organizational climate influences directly job satisfaction. / Tesis

Les pratiques relationnelles de soin (PRS) sont au cœur même des normes et valeurs professionnelles qui définissent la qualité de l’exercice infirmier, mais elles sont souvent compromises par un milieu de travail défavorable. La difficulté pour les infirmières à actualiser ces PRS qui s’inscrivent dans les interactions infirmière-patient par un ensemble de comportements de caring, constitue une menace à la qualité des soins, tout en créant d’importantes frustrations pour les infirmières. En mettant l’accent sur l’aspect relationnel du processus infirmier, cette recherche, abordée sous l'angle du caring, renvoie à une vision novatrice de la qualité des soins et de l'organisation des services en visant à expliquer l’impact du climat organisationnel sur le façonnement des PRS et la satisfaction professionnelle d’infirmières soignantes en milieu hospitalier. Cette étude prend appui sur une adaptation du Quality-Caring Model© de Duffy et Hoskins (2003) qui combine le modèle d’évaluation de la qualité de Donabedian (1980, 1992) et la théorie du Human Caring de Watson (1979, 1988). Un devis mixte de type explicatif séquentiel, combinant une méthode quantitative de type corrélationnel prédictif et une méthode qualitative de type étude de cas unique avec niveaux d’analyse imbriqués, a été privilégié. Pour la section quantitative auprès d’infirmières soignantes (n = 292), différentes échelles de mesure validées, de type Likert ont permis de mesurer les variables suivantes : le climat organisationnel (global et cinq dimensions composites) ; les PRS privilégiées ; les PRS actuelles ; l’écart entre les PRS privilégiées et actuelles ; la satisfaction professionnelle. Des analyses de régression linéaire hiérarchique ont permis de répondre aux six hypothèses du volet quantitatif. Pour le volet qualitatif, les données issues des sources documentaires, des commentaires recueillis dans les questionnaires et des entrevues effectuées auprès de différents acteurs (n = 15) ont été traités de manière systématique, par analyse de contenu, afin d’expliquer les liens entre les notions d’intérêts. L’intégration des inférences quantitatives et qualitatives s’est faite selon une approche de complémentarité. Nous retenons du volet quantitatif qu’une fois les variables de contrôle prises en compte, seule une dimension composite du climat organisationnel, soit les caractéristiques de la tâche, expliquent 5 % de la variance des PRS privilégiées. Le climat organisationnel global et ses dimensions composites relatives aux caractéristiques du rôle, de l’organisation, du supérieur et de l’équipe sont de puissants facteurs explicatifs des PRS actuelles (5 % à 11 % de la variance), de l’écart entre les PRS privilégiées et actuelles (4 % à 9 %) ainsi que de la satisfaction professionnelle (13 % à 30 %) des infirmières soignantes. De plus, il a été démontré, qu’au-delà de l’important impact du climat organisationnel global et des variables de contrôle, la fréquence des PRS contribue à augmenter la satisfaction professionnelle des infirmières (ß = 0,31 ; p < 0,001), alors que l’écart entre les PRS privilégiées et actuelles contribue à la diminuer (ß = - 0,30 ; p < 0,001) dans des proportions fort similaires (respectivement 7 % et 8 %). Le volet qualitatif a permis de mettre en relief quatre ordres de facteurs qui expliquent comment le climat organisationnel façonne les PRS et la satisfaction professionnelle des infirmières. Ces facteurs sont: 1) l’intensité de la charge de travail; 2) l’approche d’équipe et la perception du rôle infirmier ; 3) la perception du supérieur et de l’organisation; 4) certaines caractéristiques propres aux patients/familles et à l’infirmière. L’analyse de ces facteurs a révélé d’intéressantes interactions dynamiques entre quatre des cinq dimensions composites du climat, suggérant ainsi qu’il soit possible d’influencer une dimension en agissant sur une autre. L’intégration des inférences quantitatives et qualitatives rend compte de l’impact prépondérant des caractéristiques du rôle sur la réalisation des PRS et la satisfaction professionnelle des infirmières, tout en suggérant d’adopter une approche systémique qui mise sur de multiples facteurs dans la mise en oeuvre d’interventions visant l’amélioration des environnements de travail infirmier en milieu hospitalier. / Relational caring practices (RCP) are at the heart of the professional standards and values defining the quality of the nursing profession; however, these practices are often compromised in unfavourable work environments. Difficulties experienced by nurses in implementing RCP’s (“caring” behaviours that make up a form of nurse-patient interaction) jeopardize healthcare quality and cause much frustration among nurses. By emphasizing relational aspects of the nursing process, this project, taking a “caring” framework, has implications for an innovative vision of healthcare quality and service organization through its attempts to explain how organizational climate influences RCP’s and professional job satisfaction among hospital staff nurses. This study is based on an adaptation of Duffy and Hoskins’ (2003) Quality-Caring Model©, which combines Donabedian’s quality evaluation model (1980, 1992) and Watson’s Human Caring theory (1979, 1988). A sequential explanatory mixed design, combining a predictive correlational quantitative method and a single case study with overlapping analysis levels, was selected. In the quantitative portion of the study involving 292 staff nurses, various validated Likert rating scales were used to measure the following variables: organizational climate (general climate and 5 composite dimensions); preferred RCP’s; current RCP’s; gaps between preferred and current RCP’s; and, professional job satisfaction. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to address 6 hypotheses in the quantitative portion. For the qualitative portion, data drawn from source documents, comments gathered through questionnaires and interviews conducted with 15 informants were systematically handled using content analysis strategies, to explain the relationships between the key concepts. Inferences from the quantitative and qualitative portions of the study were integrated using a complementarity approach. Quantitative analyses revealed that after considering control variables were considered, a single organizational climate dimension (task specifications) accounted for 5 % of the variation in preferred RCP scores. Overall organizational climate and specific organizational climate dimensions (addressing characteristics of the job, organization, superior and team) played a major role in explaining current RCP levels (explaining from 5 % to 11% of variation), gaps between preferred and current RCP’s (4 % to 9 % of variation) and [staff nurse] professional job satisfaction (13 % to 30 % of variation). Furthermore, above and beyond the significant impact of overall organizational climate and control variables, RCP frequency was related to increased professional job satisfaction (ß = 0.31, p < 0.001), while the gap between preferred and current RCP’s were associated with lower professional job satisfaction (ß = - 0.30, p < 0.001) and accounted for similar portions of variability in this professional job satisfaction (7 % and 8 % respectively). The qualitative component revealed 4 factor orders that explain how the organizational climate shapes RCP’s and professional job satisfaction among nurses. These factors were: 1) workload intensity; 2) team approach and perceptions of the nurse’s role; 3) perceptions of the superior and organization; 4) specific patient/family and nurse characteristics. The analysis of these factors revealed interesting dynamic interactions between four of the five of the environment’s composite dimensions, thus suggesting that each dimension can be influenced by actions taken in relation to others. The integration of the quantitative and qualitative findings explained the significant impact of role characteristics on actual RCP’s, as well as professional job satisfaction, and support adoption of a systemic management approach improving multiple aspects of the work environment of hospital staff nurses.

The diploma thesis Cooperation of Teams and Joint Leisure Time of Employees deals with relation between frequency of involvement of individuals in cooperation of teams and their evaluation of the cooperation, information sharing and spending leisure time with colleagues. In the theoretical part, the theme is put into the broader framework of culture. The main areas affecting the problem are defined further. Emphasis is put on corporate culture, organizational climate and social relations between individuals in a company. In the empirical part of the text, the research question is described, the main hypothesis is set, the operational hypotheses are derived, the operationalization is performed, and the company and its teams that are subject of the research are presented. Subsequently, all processes and their relation being subject of the research are theoretically anchored and described based on the data analysis. In the concluding part of the text, there is an overview of mutual sympathy, ties and antipathy of members of the studied teams as well as it is found out to what extent the data analysis confirms the hypotheses determined. Information about mutual sympathy, ties and antipathy of individuals was obtained using the first questionnaire at the beginning of the research. The analyses of...

博士(政策科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Policy and Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

資訊科技的蓬勃發展，地球村世界的來臨，提供現代人快速取得知識的平台，也促成了急速轉變的全球性競爭的環境，使企業面臨了非常重大的挑戰，迫使企業開始重新思考組織核心能力，以滿足隨時可能產生變動的市場需求；企業必須作出更快速的決策，以適應全球化腳步發展。越來越多的企業警覺到知識分享對於員工累積經驗與企業正向發展的重要性，因而透過不同的方式來鼓勵員工知識分享建構具競爭力的學習型組織。 多數的研究報告皆在探討轉換型領導風格 (transformational leadership) 和交換型領導風格 (transactional leadership) 對於組織文化、組織策略執行力…等的相關性研究，尚未有探討過威權式的領導風格對於員工知識分享意願的影響。威權式的領導風格是否影響員工知識分享意願、企業具備知識分享的氛圍，是否干擾在威權式領導風格之下之員工分享知識與經驗意願 ? 有鑑於此，本研究針對威權式的領導風格如何影響員工知識分享意願，並以知識分享之企業文化為干擾因素，尋找過去相關文獻資料加以整理，歸納出假設與模型，並依照此模型進行分析與探討，以提出對實務界有效的建議與學術界未來的研究方向。 本研究採問卷調查法，在不同產業中挑選頗具盛名的公司，針對其員工進行便利抽樣，並採用Lisrel 和 SPSS軟體來進行資料的分析。從威權式領導風格、知識分享企業文化、知識分享意願三個構面，探討主管威權式的領導風格如何影響員工的知識分享意願，並以知識分享的企業文化為干擾因素。以研究結果歸納出相關結論，以提供相關建議，供實務界在推行知識管理時一個主要的關鍵成功因素，以提高知識分享的可行性。亦供學術界進行組織氛圍研究之參考。 本研究結論如下: 1. 威嚴式領導與員工知識分享意願呈現負相關。 2. 知識分享的企業文化與員工知識分享意願呈現正相關。 3. 知識分享的企業文化，干擾在威權領導風格下之員工知識分享意願程度。 / In the past, research on the knowledge-sharing behavior of indi-viduals lacked discussions on authoritarian leaderships. Therefore, this research demonstrates how authoritarian leadership and or-ganizational culture affect the knowledge-sharing behavior of indi-viduals. The purpose of this research is to focus on an authoritarian leadership’s effect on the knowledge-sharing behavior of individu-als that is influenced by innovation and a sound organizational climate. Questionnaires were administered to employees from various in-dustries in order to gather information regarding individuals’ be-havior under an authoritarian leadership. The author used conven-tional sampling methods and 233 out of 250 participants provided relevant information. The findings of the research were as follows: 1. The more a leader tends to express authoritarian leadership, the less an individual exhibits knowledge-sharing behavior. 2. The more an organization demonstrates a knowledge-sharing culture, the more an individual exhibits knowledge-sharing be-havior. Such a culture, especially, encourages ‘innovation, sharing and learning’. 3. Organizations that possess a culture that is highly oriented to-wards knowledge sharing influence the knowledge-sharing be-haviors of individuals under authoritarian leaderships.

Comparative analyses of district-run public schools and charter schools are limited to performance outcomes. There is a dearth of research on how the school-types vary on factors consequential to performance such as school climate. Public-private distinctions, such as in organizational autonomy, value orientations, funding structures, and management practices, could result in school climate dissimilarities between district-run public schools and charter schools. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the influence organizational factors have on school climate and determine if school-type affects school climate. Student and staff school climate survey data from the Miami-Dade school district were utilized for this dissertation. Structural equation modeling was employed to test theoretical models of students’ and staffs’ perceptions of school climate using data from 2001-2002 through 2015-2016 academic years. Within-between effects panel regression was utilized to test the effect of school-type on school climate constructs over time using data from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016 academic years. The structural equation results demonstrate that milieu, ecology, culture, and organizational structure influence students’ and staffs’ perceptions of their schools’ climates. Ecology has the strongest association with students’ perceptions of school climate. Job satisfaction, a part of milieu and culture, has the strongest association with staffs’ perceptions of school climate. The results indicate that the theoretical models of school climate employed by this study are sound. The within-between effects panel regression results demonstrate that characteristics inherent to school-type have a plausible influence on students’ perceptions of school climate, but not for staff. Charter school students rated their school climates more favorably than traditional public schools, but when other factors are controlled, traditional public schools and magnet schools had more favorable ratings. Public-sector values, collective bargaining, and school district oversight may be beneficial to schools’ climates. This dissertation underscores the impact management and funding structures have on school climate. The author recommends that the school climate concept and evaluations of schools’ organizational practices be incorporated into school improvement policies. The milieu, culture, ecology, and organizational structures of schools should be reviewed when assessing school quality.

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