Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos revelar como se deu a evolução da estrutura da organização de projeto ao longo do ciclo de vida de um projeto considerado bem sucedido e possibilitar especulações sobre o porquê do fenômeno ter se dado daquela forma. Trata-se de um estudo de caso exploratório que focalizou o ciclo de vida de um projeto de otimização do chassi de um ônibus urbano feito em uma empresa com tradição em desenvolvimento de projetos. A investigação incluiu a descrição do ciclo de vida do projeto em termos de fases caracterizadas por suas deliverables, a caracterização da configuração adotada para a estrutura da organização de projeto em cada uma das fases do ciclo de vida do projeto e o relato das percepções do entrevistado sobre o uso de autoridade, sobre a atribuição de responsabilidades e sobre a comunicação. Foram empregadas múltiplas fontes de dados: entrevistas abertas, consulta a documentos e a registros de arquivos e observações diretas informais. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que o referencial teórico clássico desenvolvido para estruturas organizacionais de empresas pode ser muito útil para apoiar o processo de organizar na situação de projeto pois ficou claro que a situação descrita pôde ser explicada e prevista a partir da interpretação e adaptação dos conhecimentos a uma particular situação de projeto. Sendo assim, a pesquisa fornece uma contribuição à ampliação dos conhecimentos em Administração de Projetos já que oferece subsídios a futuras investigações no sentido de explorar em maior profundidade essa problemática. / The main goals of this research are to reveal the evolution of the project organizational framework, towards the cycle of life of a successful project and to enable some speculation about the development process itself. This study deals with the exploration process focusing the cycle of life of the developed project for an urban bus chassis by a traditional company. The research included the description of the cycle of life of the project, towards the phases characterized by its deliverables; the configuration set adopted for the project framework, in each phase of the cycle of life of the project and the report from the perception about authority, responsibility designation and communication of the person interviewed. Multiple data source was used: open interviews, consultation to documents and file records, and informal straight observations. The research results suggest that the classic theoretical reference developed for company organizational framework can be very helpful to support the organizational process on projects, because the reported situation could be explained and predicted from the interpretation and adaptation of the knowledge to a private project situation. Therefore, the research provides some contribution to the enlargement of reference on project administration, since it offers base to prospective researches in order to explore this matter in depth.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos revelar como se deu a evolução da estrutura da organização de projeto ao longo do ciclo de vida de um projeto considerado bem sucedido e possibilitar especulações sobre o porquê do fenômeno ter se dado daquela forma. Trata-se de um estudo de caso exploratório que focalizou o ciclo de vida de um projeto de otimização do chassi de um ônibus urbano feito em uma empresa com tradição em desenvolvimento de projetos. A investigação incluiu a descrição do ciclo de vida do projeto em termos de fases caracterizadas por suas deliverables, a caracterização da configuração adotada para a estrutura da organização de projeto em cada uma das fases do ciclo de vida do projeto e o relato das percepções do entrevistado sobre o uso de autoridade, sobre a atribuição de responsabilidades e sobre a comunicação. Foram empregadas múltiplas fontes de dados: entrevistas abertas, consulta a documentos e a registros de arquivos e observações diretas informais. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que o referencial teórico clássico desenvolvido para estruturas organizacionais de empresas pode ser muito útil para apoiar o processo de organizar na situação de projeto pois ficou claro que a situação descrita pôde ser explicada e prevista a partir da interpretação e adaptação dos conhecimentos a uma particular situação de projeto. Sendo assim, a pesquisa fornece uma contribuição à ampliação dos conhecimentos em Administração de Projetos já que oferece subsídios a futuras investigações no sentido de explorar em maior profundidade essa problemática. / The main goals of this research are to reveal the evolution of the project organizational framework, towards the cycle of life of a successful project and to enable some speculation about the development process itself. This study deals with the exploration process focusing the cycle of life of the developed project for an urban bus chassis by a traditional company. The research included the description of the cycle of life of the project, towards the phases characterized by its deliverables; the configuration set adopted for the project framework, in each phase of the cycle of life of the project and the report from the perception about authority, responsibility designation and communication of the person interviewed. Multiple data source was used: open interviews, consultation to documents and file records, and informal straight observations. The research results suggest that the classic theoretical reference developed for company organizational framework can be very helpful to support the organizational process on projects, because the reported situation could be explained and predicted from the interpretation and adaptation of the knowledge to a private project situation. Therefore, the research provides some contribution to the enlargement of reference on project administration, since it offers base to prospective researches in order to explore this matter in depth.

ABSTRACTThis study consists of a comparison between a public and a private organization that works with people with mental unhealth. The first organization is an authority that conducts investigations to determine if their clients are qualified to receive some sort of help in their daily lives as a part of the Swedish welfare system. The private organization works with offering different kinds of daily activities for people with mental unhealth as a work-training program or to help them create a daily routine in their lives. Our purpose with this paper is to compare the work of the two different organizations based on their organizational framework to see what similarities and differences there are in their work and their chosen approach in meetings with their clients. Our chosen method is that of semi-structured qualitative interviews with three different employees in each organization. The result of our research shows that the employees of both organizations are quite free in their practical work even though they have some laws and rules that governs their work. All the employees we interviewed had quite a similar view of their clients and agreed on most of the different tools that is important to use in meetings with their clients. Furthermore our analysis showed that both organisations are highly influenced by the cultural view on organisatorical theories. This means that the clients and the employees are socialized into a certain way of working together in the daily work. The work is a group effort and it is important that everyone involved in the work have a saying in how the work is supposed to be done. Finally we conclude that our chosen research-area is quite new and there is not much previous research done on the subject. The evolution of social work and the privatisation of the swedish welfare is a work in progress, and the purpose of this paper is to help future socialworkers understand this evolution and possibly inspire people to continue our research.

Dans le contexte du développement rapide des villes chinoises, l’expansion de la ville et les nouvelles zones de développement entraînent de forte besoins de mobilité. Le transport public ne peut satisfaire toutes les demandes des déplacements des citadins. Ils organisent leurs propres services, les transports semi-collectifs, par une approche de bas en haut. Avec les avantages de l’adaptation locale, du service à la demande et de la flexibilité, ce type de transport devient un mode important pour leurs vies moderne. Pourtant, ce transport est en dehors du système du transport traditionnel. Le cadre juridique et institutionnel actuel n’est pas adapté à l’exploitation de ces transports spontanés. La réglementation gouvernementale sur ce type de transport montre aussi une difficulté en raison du manque d’un cadre convenable. De plus, le système du transport urbain durable demande une intégration des divers modes des transports. La relation entre le transport semi-collectif et les autres moyens du transport devient une question essentielle. De ce fait, nous proposons des approches de l’évolution du cadre juridique et institutionnel, de l’amélioration de l’organisation et l’exploitation ainsi que de l’intégration dans le système du transport urbain, afin de créer un environnement innovant pour l’avenir du transport semi-collectif / In the context of the rapid development of Chinese cities, the expansion of the city and the new areas of developments lead the strong mobility needs. Public transport cannot meet all the demands of movement of citizens. They organize their own services, paratransit, with an approach bottom-up. With the advantages of local adaptation, on-demand service and flexibility, this transport becomes important to their modern lives. However, this transport is out of the traditional transport system. The current legal and institutional framework is not suitable for the operation of this spontaneous transport. Government regulations on this type of transport also show difficult because of lack of suitable frames. In addition, the sustainable urban transport system requires integration of various modes of transport. The relationship between the paratransit and other transportation modes is another key issue. Therefore, we propose approaches to change legal and institutional framework, to improve organization and operation and integrate this mode in the system of urban transport, to create an innovative environment for future of paratransit

This research explores how the web‘s collaborative potential can be harnessed strategically towards sustainability. With the success of web-scale collaborations such as Wikipedia and Linux in mind, we sought to understand how web-enabled collaborations could be used strategically, particularly to support innovation for sustainability. Building on Peter Gloor of MIT‘s research into collaborative innovation networks (COINs), a framework for collaborative organizational networks supporting innovation, we evaluated COINs‘ strategic potential for sustainability utilizing the framework for strategic sustainable development and the approach of backcasting. We found that COINs can provide a strategic and effective way to work towards sustainability because they harness collective intelligence towards innovation and support distributed working styles. Additionally they provide an organizational framework that supports socially sustainable modes of working. However, COINs can amplify the impact of unsustainable innovations, so a strong systems perspective based on principles of sustainability is required to use COINs strategically. The final product of this research is a set of recommendations for people considering utilizing COINs for sustainability.

The aim of this master thesis was to describe and asses the place of the library within the organizational framework of universities in the Czech Republic and USA. Aim of this thesis is to describe and evaluate the current position of library in organizational structure of colleges and universities in the Czech Republic and USA. First chapter sums up the current situation. For Czech universities in public school sector the corresponding elementary data, relevant legislative scope and position in organizational structure of public universities are emphasized and presented. For US universities the current status is presented with a particular example of five public universities. Second chapter is about current trends in evolution of university libraries in Czech Republic and USA with an emphasis on position in university or college structure. Third chapter is the essential part of the thesis. It contains report about survey performed with representatives of Czech public universities and representatives of given libraries. Last chapter presents parallel research done in USA.

The work of social workers is complex as they need to relate to different demands and expectations. They need to relate to the expectations of children in foster care, while they also have the organizational frameworks in consideration. This essay has studied social workers' experiences of children in foster care and their expectations of a relationship with social workers and how this can be understood in relation to organizational frameworks. This essay has also studied how social workers describe the unification of these expectations and demands. Lipsky's (1980) theory about street-level bureaucrats has been used to describe the complex role of social workers. In order to gather empirical data, eight semi-structured interviews with social workers who work with children in foster care were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the empirical data. Based on the interviews, the conclusion can be drawn that the organizational framework frames the relationship between social workers and children in foster care, and therefore the children's expectations can be understood on the basis of the organizational framework. Another conclusion that can be drawn is that social workers mostly don't experience any expectations on a relationship from children in foster care, and thereby they don’t experience any difficulties in the unification of the expectations and organizational framework. However, there are a few social workers who experience that some children may have high expectations on a relationship, which social workers experience are difficult to attain. This can make it difficult to unify the children's expectations with the organizational framework. Therefore, it can lead to contradictions in the work of social workers, which also was a part of the aim of the study.