La nourriture traditionnelle compose une part essentielle de la culture Inuit. Néanmoins, la contamination de cette nourriture par les organochlorés et les métaux lourds fait l’objet d’une attention toute particulière, car elle excède dans certains cas les recommandations canadiennes. Le but de ce travail est, d’une part de mettre à jour les estimés d’exposition au chlordane, au BPC, au toxaphène et au mercure, et d’autre part d’en explorer certaines sources de variation. Pour ce faire, de nouvelles données sur la concentration de ces contaminants parmi les plus importants aliments traditionnels ont été combinées aux relevés alimentaires assemblés dans l’Arctique canadien en 1998 et 1999, la quantité et le type de nourriture traditionnelle consommés étant supposés ne pas avoir changé. D’après l’ensemble des nouveaux estimés obtenus, les changements dans la banque de données sur les contaminants affectent plus les extrémités des distributions que les mesures de tendance centrale. Les estimés d’apports en organochlorés peuvent être considérés comme toujours actuels étant donné que les cinq types d’aliments pour lesquels il y a des nouvelles données disponibles représentent la majorité de l’exposition totale. En ce qui concerne le mercure, toutefois, des données additionnelles sont nécessaires à propos du caribou, du narval, du muktuk du béluga et de la truite de lac pour générer des niveaux d’exposition plus exacts. Les sources de variations de ces estimés d’exposition ont été explorées en évaluant les coefficients de variation propres aux apports alimentaires et ceux propres aux concentrations de contaminants dans les aliments traditionnels. Il s’avère que la variation attribuable aux méthodes de collecte de données alimentaires est plus élevée que celle attribuable à la mesure des contaminants dans les banques de données. De nouvelles méthodes pour mesurer les niveaux de consommation d’aliments traditionnels devraient être développées. / Traditional food is a part of Inuit culture. Nevertheless, contamination of this food by organochlorines and heavy metals is the subject of constant attention since it’s exceeding Canadians guidelines in some cases. The purpose of this work is to do an update of the exposure estimates for chlordane, PCB, toxaphene and mercury and to explore sources of variation. To do so, new data on concentration of contaminants in traditional food have been combined to dietary recalls collected in the Canadian arctic in 1998 and 1999 assuming that the quantity and the type of traditional food consumed didn’t change. According to the new estimates, changes in the contaminant database affected more the extremes of the distributions rather than the measures of central tendency. The estimates of organochlorines intakes can be considered updated since the five types of food for which data are available represent the majority of total exposure. For mercury, additional data are necessary for caribou, narwhal, beluga muktuk and lake trout to generate more exact estimates of exposure. The sources of variation of the exposure estimates have been explored by evaluating the coefficients of variation related to the measure of the dietary intake and those related to the contaminant concentrations in traditional food. The variation attributable to the methods of collecting food intake data is higher than the variability attributable to the contaminant database. New methods to measure the levels of traditional food consumption should be developed.

Bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) e pesticidas organoclorados são poluentes resistentes à degradação e têm sido identificados em vários compartimentos do ambiente marinho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar e validar a metodologia, e avaliar a contaminação por pesticidas organoclorados e PCBs em algas e sedimentos costeiros no Estuário e Baía de Santos-São Vicente e no Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Iguape e Cananéia (SP). Foram coletadas nessas regiões um total de 37 amostras de sedimento superficial, 3 testemunhos com 27 sub-amostras e 10 amostras de alga, no período de 1998-2001. O método, que incluiu a extração e purificação com solventes orgânicos e análise por GC-ECD, mostrou-se satisfatório dentro dos padrões internacionais. Na região de Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os DDTs (sedimentos: 0,78 a 14,52 ng.g-1 peso seco) e as maiores concentrações ocorreram nas proximidades da Cidade de Cananéia e Baía de Trapandé. Na região de Santos predominaram os PCBs (sedimentos: 4,08 a 133,42 ng.g-1 peso seco, testemunhos de sedimentos: 3, 70 a 44,65 ng.g-1 peso seco e algas: 15,83 a 43,21 ng.g-1 peso seco) e os maiores valores foram encontrados no emissário submarino, no Estuário de Santos, em locais próximos as indústrias, e no Estuário de São Vicente. De maneira geral, as concentrações tanto de PCBs quanto de pesticidas organoclorados em Santos e Cananéia-Iguape foram baixas. Santos apresentou maior incidência de PCBs, provavelmente devido à industrialização, enquanto que em Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os pesticidas organoclorados, que podem ser atribuídos às antigas campanhas de saúde pública ou aplicações nas lavouras. / Polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides are degradation resistant pollutants. They have been detected in several compartments of marine environment. The objective of this study was the optimization of the methodology and the evaluation of the contamination of chlorinated pesticides and PCBs em algae and coastal sediments in the Estuary and Bay of Santos-São Vicente and in the Lagunar Complex of Iguape and Cananéia (SP). An amount of 37 samples of superficial sediment, 3 cores with 27 subsamples and 10 samples of algae was collected in the period of 1998-2001. The methodology was considered satisfactory within international standards, that includes extraction and clean up with organic solvents and analysis with GC-ECD. In the Cananéia-Iguape region, DDTs were predominant and the highest levels were found around the city of Cananéia and in Trapandé Bay. In the Santos area, the PCBs were predominant and the highest values were found around the Santos Bay outfall and in the Estuary of Santos-São Vicente. In general, either the concentrations of PCBs or chlorinated pesticides in Santos and Cananéia-Iguape were low. Santos presented higher incidence of PCBs, probably due to industrialization, while in Cananéia-Iguape the chlorinated pesticides predominated, and that can be attributed to past public health campaigns or to agricultural uses.

La nourriture traditionnelle compose une part essentielle de la culture Inuit. Néanmoins, la contamination de cette nourriture par les organochlorés et les métaux lourds fait l’objet d’une attention toute particulière, car elle excède dans certains cas les recommandations canadiennes. Le but de ce travail est, d’une part de mettre à jour les estimés d’exposition au chlordane, au BPC, au toxaphène et au mercure, et d’autre part d’en explorer certaines sources de variation. Pour ce faire, de nouvelles données sur la concentration de ces contaminants parmi les plus importants aliments traditionnels ont été combinées aux relevés alimentaires assemblés dans l’Arctique canadien en 1998 et 1999, la quantité et le type de nourriture traditionnelle consommés étant supposés ne pas avoir changé. D’après l’ensemble des nouveaux estimés obtenus, les changements dans la banque de données sur les contaminants affectent plus les extrémités des distributions que les mesures de tendance centrale. Les estimés d’apports en organochlorés peuvent être considérés comme toujours actuels étant donné que les cinq types d’aliments pour lesquels il y a des nouvelles données disponibles représentent la majorité de l’exposition totale. En ce qui concerne le mercure, toutefois, des données additionnelles sont nécessaires à propos du caribou, du narval, du muktuk du béluga et de la truite de lac pour générer des niveaux d’exposition plus exacts. Les sources de variations de ces estimés d’exposition ont été explorées en évaluant les coefficients de variation propres aux apports alimentaires et ceux propres aux concentrations de contaminants dans les aliments traditionnels. Il s’avère que la variation attribuable aux méthodes de collecte de données alimentaires est plus élevée que celle attribuable à la mesure des contaminants dans les banques de données. De nouvelles méthodes pour mesurer les niveaux de consommation d’aliments traditionnels devraient être développées. / Traditional food is a part of Inuit culture. Nevertheless, contamination of this food by organochlorines and heavy metals is the subject of constant attention since it’s exceeding Canadians guidelines in some cases. The purpose of this work is to do an update of the exposure estimates for chlordane, PCB, toxaphene and mercury and to explore sources of variation. To do so, new data on concentration of contaminants in traditional food have been combined to dietary recalls collected in the Canadian arctic in 1998 and 1999 assuming that the quantity and the type of traditional food consumed didn’t change. According to the new estimates, changes in the contaminant database affected more the extremes of the distributions rather than the measures of central tendency. The estimates of organochlorines intakes can be considered updated since the five types of food for which data are available represent the majority of total exposure. For mercury, additional data are necessary for caribou, narwhal, beluga muktuk and lake trout to generate more exact estimates of exposure. The sources of variation of the exposure estimates have been explored by evaluating the coefficients of variation related to the measure of the dietary intake and those related to the contaminant concentrations in traditional food. The variation attributable to the methods of collecting food intake data is higher than the variability attributable to the contaminant database. New methods to measure the levels of traditional food consumption should be developed.

Bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) e pesticidas organoclorados são poluentes resistentes à degradação e têm sido identificados em vários compartimentos do ambiente marinho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar e validar a metodologia, e avaliar a contaminação por pesticidas organoclorados e PCBs em algas e sedimentos costeiros no Estuário e Baía de Santos-São Vicente e no Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Iguape e Cananéia (SP). Foram coletadas nessas regiões um total de 37 amostras de sedimento superficial, 3 testemunhos com 27 sub-amostras e 10 amostras de alga, no período de 1998-2001. O método, que incluiu a extração e purificação com solventes orgânicos e análise por GC-ECD, mostrou-se satisfatório dentro dos padrões internacionais. Na região de Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os DDTs (sedimentos: 0,78 a 14,52 ng.g-1 peso seco) e as maiores concentrações ocorreram nas proximidades da Cidade de Cananéia e Baía de Trapandé. Na região de Santos predominaram os PCBs (sedimentos: 4,08 a 133,42 ng.g-1 peso seco, testemunhos de sedimentos: 3, 70 a 44,65 ng.g-1 peso seco e algas: 15,83 a 43,21 ng.g-1 peso seco) e os maiores valores foram encontrados no emissário submarino, no Estuário de Santos, em locais próximos as indústrias, e no Estuário de São Vicente. De maneira geral, as concentrações tanto de PCBs quanto de pesticidas organoclorados em Santos e Cananéia-Iguape foram baixas. Santos apresentou maior incidência de PCBs, provavelmente devido à industrialização, enquanto que em Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os pesticidas organoclorados, que podem ser atribuídos às antigas campanhas de saúde pública ou aplicações nas lavouras. / Polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides are degradation resistant pollutants. They have been detected in several compartments of marine environment. The objective of this study was the optimization of the methodology and the evaluation of the contamination of chlorinated pesticides and PCBs em algae and coastal sediments in the Estuary and Bay of Santos-São Vicente and in the Lagunar Complex of Iguape and Cananéia (SP). An amount of 37 samples of superficial sediment, 3 cores with 27 subsamples and 10 samples of algae was collected in the period of 1998-2001. The methodology was considered satisfactory within international standards, that includes extraction and clean up with organic solvents and analysis with GC-ECD. In the Cananéia-Iguape region, DDTs were predominant and the highest levels were found around the city of Cananéia and in Trapandé Bay. In the Santos area, the PCBs were predominant and the highest values were found around the Santos Bay outfall and in the Estuary of Santos-São Vicente. In general, either the concentrations of PCBs or chlorinated pesticides in Santos and Cananéia-Iguape were low. Santos presented higher incidence of PCBs, probably due to industrialization, while in Cananéia-Iguape the chlorinated pesticides predominated, and that can be attributed to past public health campaigns or to agricultural uses.