<p>Uvod: Kraniofacijalni sistem je svim svojim strukturama razvojno, funkcionalno i anatomski tesno vezan sa strukturama gornjih respiratornih puteva. Tako je svaki poremećaj u jednom od njih često praćen manjim ili većim poremećajem u drugom. Ovaj rad se bavi utvrđivanjem mogućnosti da se prepoznaju neki od orofacijalnih faktora kod dece koji bi mogli da uzrokuju ili povećaju ozbiljnost smetnji u disanju. Od posebnog je značaja činjenica da se većina autora bavi tretiranjem odrasle populacije, dok samo nastajanje poremećaja nije jasno obja&scaron;njeno. Zbog toga je ovaj rad zami&scaron;ljen kao doprinos saznanju o nekim od mnogih međusobno veoma kompleksno isprepletanih funkcionalnih i morfolo&scaron;kih poremećaja koji svi zajedno dovode do ovog potencijalno opasnog, a globalno prisutnog stanja. U ovom istraživanju posebna pažnja se obraća na uticaj poremećenih međuviličnih odnosa u sagitalnoj dimenziji (posteriorni odnos struktura donje vilice) kod dece koja nisu zavr&scaron;ila rast i kod koje se jo&scaron; uvek može terapijski delovati, kao i na sagitalnu uskost gornjih respiratornih puteva. Skeletno II klasa je poremećaj kraniofacijalnog razvoja koji se u dece leči, dok je kod odraslih sa zavr&scaron;enim rastom taj odnos vilica fiksiran. Ispravljanje morfolo&scaron;ke nepravilnosti kod dece koriguje se pravilnim usmeravanjem rasta, i normalizacijom poremećenih funkcija orofacijalne i nathioidne muskulature, &scaron;to se postiže primenom funkcionalnih ortodontskih aparata. Ciljevi i hipoteze: Op&scaron;ti cilj rada je da se doprinese saznanjima o dimenzijama struktura u periodu razvoja koje mogu u kasnijim životnim dobima da doprinesu nastanku smetnji u disanju i nekom od &scaron;irokog spektra poremećaja opisanih kao sindrom opstruktivnog prekida disanja u toku sna, kao i da se sagledaju mogućnosti ranog delovanja na njih. Metode: Ispitivanje je sprovedeno kao kombinacija studije preseka u svom prvom delu I kohortne studije u svom drugom delu, na Klinici za stomatologiju Vojvodine. Studijom je obuhvaćeno 98 ispitanika eksperimentalne grupe koji su ispunjavali kriterijume za uključivanje u studiju, odgovarajućeg uzrasta i kraniofacijalne morfologije (druga skeletna klasa i hiperdivergentan rast), kao i 70 (dve grupe po 35) ispitanika kontrolne grupe odgovarajućeg uzrasta kao reprezent op&scaron;te populacije. Kod svih ispitanika izvr&scaron;ena su standardna rendgenkefalometrijska merenja i utvrđene dimenzije gornjih respiratornih puteva, kao i struktura koje bi mogle da imaju uticaja na njih, jezika i mekog nepca. Dobijene vrednosti su upoređene statistički. Posle godinu dana ortodontskog lečenja malokluzije druge klase, pristupilo se ponovnom merenju istih struktura, upoređivanju sa kontrolnom grupom odgovarajućeg uzrasta, kao i utvrđivanju nastalih promena u odnosu na početni nalaz. Da bi se utvrdio stvarni opseg promena nastalih usled ortodontske terapije, upoređen je stepen promene i kod kontrolne grupe na početku i kraju opservacionog perioda. Rezultati: Utvrđene su sagitalne dimenzije gornjih respiratornih puteva kod ispitanika sa hiperdivergentnom malokluzijom klase II/1. Utvrđene dimenzije su značajno manje kod ispitanika sa klasom II/1 nego kod op&scaron;te populacije, na sva tri posmatrana nivoa, nivou nazofarinksa, nivou orofarinksa i nivou hipofarinksa. Ne postoji statistički značajna međuzavisnost između sagitalnih dimenzija gornjih respiratornih puteva i skeletnih odnosa u sagitalnoj dimenziji. Nakon ortodontskog lečenja funkcionalnim aparatima, kod ispitanika su se dimenzije gornjih disajnih puteva na sva tri posmatrana nivoa povećale. Zaključak: Nalazi potvrđuju da su gornji disajni putevi kod osoba sa hiperdivergentnom klasom II/1 uži nego kod ostatka populacije, kao i da uravnotežavanje njihovih morfofunkcionalnih odlika u toku rasta ortodontskim lečenjem dovodi i do skladnijeg razvoja faringealnih struktura koje izgrađuju gornje disajne puteve.</p> / <p>Introduction: Craniofacial system has all of its structures developmentally, functionally and anatomically closely related to the structures of the upper respiratory tract. Thus, any disturbance<br />in any of them is often accompanied by a disorder in the other. This paper is identifying opportunities to recognize some of the orofacial factors in children that could cause or increase the severity of breathing difficulties. Of particular importance is the fact that most authors deal with treating the adult population, while the mere emergence of the developmental disorder is not clearly explained. Therefore, this paper is conceived as a contribution to the knowledge of some of the many mutually very complex, interwoven functional and morphological disorders that together lead to this potentially dangerous, a globally present situation. In this study, special<br />attention is paid to the influence of irregular intermaxillary relationship in the sagittal dimension (posterior position of lower jaw) in children who have not yet completed growth and in which there still can be a therapeutic act, as well as the sagittal narrowness of the upper respiratory tract. Correcting morphological irregularities in children is acheived by modifying and directing the growth and normalization of disturbed functions of orofacial musculature, by the application of functional orthodontic appliances. Objectives and hypotheses: The overall objective of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of the structures and dimensions of the structures during the period of development, which may in later stages of life contribute to the occurrence of disturbances in breathing and a wide spectrum of disorders described as obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, as well as to examine the possibility of affecting them early. Methods: The study was conducted as a combination of cross-sectional study in the first part and cohort study in its second part. It was performed at the Clinic of Dentistry of Vojvodina. The study included 98 experimental group subjects who met the criteria for inclusion in the study, appropriate age and craniofacial morphology (second class and hyperdivergent skeletal growth), and 70 (two groups of 35) of controls, being of corresponding ages. Roentgenocephalometric features and the dimensions of the upper respiratory tract were assessed in all subjects, as well as structures that could influence them, tongue and soft palate. The values obtained were compared statistically. After a year of orthodontic treatment of class II malocclusion, re- measurement of the same structures was performed, as well as the comparison with a control group of corresponding age. Changes in relation to the initial findings were tracked. To determine the actual extent of the changes caused by orthodontic treatment, the degree of change was compared in the control group at the beginning and end of the observation period. Results: The sagittal dimensions of the upper respiratory tract are significantly smaller in patients with Class II/1 than in the general population in all three observed levels, the level of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the level of level of hypopharynx. There was no significant interdependence between the sagittal dimension of the upper respiratory tract and skeletal relationships in the sagittal dimension. After orthodontic treatment by the means of functional appliances, the dimensions of the upper airway in all three observed levels increased. Conclusion: The findings confirm that the upper airway in patients with hyperdivergent class II/1 malocclusion is narrower than in the rest of the population, as well as that balancing their morphofunctional facial features during growth by orthodontic treatment leads to the more harmonious development of the pharyngeal structures that make up the upper airways.</p>

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-03-01T13:44:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Andrés Fernando Montenegro.pdf: 11976346 bytes, checksum: fa909dec838336e8c5a4ed73180bb65b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-01T13:44:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Andrés Fernando Montenegro.pdf: 11976346 bytes, checksum: fa909dec838336e8c5a4ed73180bb65b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-16 / O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da densidade de energia e o tempo de exposição de fotopolimerizadores LED de terceira geração em uma resina ortodôntica disponível comercialmente nos valores de microdureza, cisalhamento, índice de remanescente de resina e grau de conversão. Para tanto, foram realizados 3 experimentos: Experimento 1, o objetivo foi avaliar o grau de conversão (DC) e microdureza vickers (MHV) da resina ortodôntica utilizando dois LEDs de terceira geração, assim como, protocolos de fotoativação diferentes. Foram necessários 80 brackets cerâmicos e 80 brackets metálicos, sendo divididos em 16 grupos experimentais (n=10) tendo os seguintes grupos para cada LED: um grupo controle, diminuição da metade do tempo de exposição do grupo controle, um quarto do tempo do grupo controle, função turbo ou plasma para os LEDs Bluephase e Valo, respetivamente. Imediatamente após a polimerização, foram realizados os ensaios de DC e MHV. O experimento 2, objetivou verificar a influência de diferentes densidades de energia emitidas por dois fotoativadores LED de alta potência nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas de uma resina ortodôntica em brackets metálicos. Foram necessários 80 pré-molares superiores, sendo usadas as superfícies vestibulares dos dentes para a colagem dos 80 brackets metálicos. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 8 grupos experimentais (n=10), sendo: um grupo controle, redução da metade do tempo de exposição do grupo controle, um quarto do tempo do grupo controle, função plasma ou turbo para cada LED estudado, sendo Valo e Bluephase. Após 24 horas da polimerização, foram realizados os testes de cisalhamento (SBS), índice remanescente de resina (ARI) e MHV. O objetivo do experimento 3 foi verificar a influência de diferentes densidades de energia depositadas por dois fotoativadores LED diferentes de alta potência nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas de uma resina ortodôntica em brackets cerâmicos. Foram necessários 80 dentes pré-molares superiores hígidos, sendo utilizadas as superfícies linguais ou palatinas dos dentes para colagem dos 80 brackets cerâmicos. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 8 grupos experimentais (n=10), foram formados grupos iguais para cada LED Valo e Bluephase: um grupo controle, diminuição da metade do tempo de exposição do grupo controle, um quarto do tempo do grupo controle, função turbo do LED Bluephase ou plasma do LED Valo. Após 24 horas da polimerização, foram realizados os testes de SBS, ARI e MHV. Os resultados de cada experimento foram analisados através de testes estatísticos específicos, para determinar se houve ou não diferença estatisticamente significativa. Para o experimento 1 foram realizados ANOVA de duas vias e teste de Tukey (α=0,05), para o experimento 2 e 3 foram realizados Anova de duas vias com testes de Tukey (α=0,05). O experimento 1 mostrou que os grupos dos brackets cerâmicos tem baixa variação, porém pequenas mudanças no aumento dos valores da energia aplicada em Joules totais aumentam os valores de DC e MHV, nos brackets metálicos pelo fato de impedir a passagem da luz o DC e HVK diminuem significativamente, permanecendo dentro dos parâmetros considerados normais. O experimento 2 mostrou que ambos LED utilizados foram efetivos tanto na função standard como na turbo ou plasma, sendo que as funções turbo ou plasma ofereceram resultados similares aos do controle, efetivando mesmo com a redução do tempo para a polimerização dos brackets metálicos. No experimento 3 não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos grupos analisados. Os LEDs estudados proporcionaram valores suficientes de Joules em alguns grupos experimentais sendo este suficiente para atingir bons valores no DC, SBS e MHV. O uso de LEDs com uma potência adequada, sendo o mínimo de 1200 mW/cm2, ou o uso de uma potência elevada de entre 2400 a 3200 mW/cm2 e um curto período de tempo de exposição entre 3 a 6 segundos, são efetivos para a colagem de acessórios ortodônticos. / The objective of this study was to verify the effect of energy density and the time of exposure of third generation LED light curing agents on a commercially available orthodontic resin in the values of microhardness, shear, resin remaining index and degree of conversion. Three experiments were carried out: Experiment 1, the objective was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) and microhardness vickers (MHV) of the orthodontic resin using two third generation LEDs, as well as different photoactivation protocols. 80 ceramic brackets and 80 metallic brackets were required and divided into 16 experimental groups (n=10), with the following groups for each LED: control group, one half, one quarter of the control group time, turbo or plasma function for the Bluephase and Valo LEDs, respectively. Immediately after the polymerization, the DC and MHV assays of the specimens were performed. The experiment 2, aimed to verify the influence of different energy densities emitted by two high power LED photoactivators on the physical and mechanical properties of an orthodontic resin in metallic brackets. For this experiment, 80 carious cavity-free, superior human premolar teeth were used, and the buccal surfaces of the teeth were used for the bonding of the 80 metal brackets. The teeth were randomly divided into 8 experimental groups (n=10), with the following groups being a control group, half the time of exposure of the control group, one quarter of the time in the control group, plasma or turbo function for each LED studied, being Valo and Bluephase. After polymerization, the teeth and specimens were stored 24h at 37°C to perform the shear tests (SBS), resin remaining index (ARI) and MHV. The objective of experiment 3 was to verify the influence of different energy densities deposited by two different LED light-curing on the physical and mechanical properties of an orthodontic resin in ceramic brackets. For this experiment, it was necessary to have 80 carious free upper premolar human teeth, using the lingual or palatine surfaces of the teeth for bonding the 80 ceramic brackets. The teeth were randomly divided into 8 experimental groups (n=10), equal groups were formed for each Valo and Bluephase LEDs: one control group, one half-time control group exposure time, one-fourth time control group, function LED Bluephase turbo or LED Valo Plasma. After polymerization, the teeth and specimens were stored 24 hours at 37°C to perform the SBS, ARI and MHV tests. The results of each experiment were analyzed by specific statistical tests to determine whether or not there was a statistically significant difference. For experiment 1, 2 and two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05) were performed. Experiment 1 showed that the groups of ceramic brackets have low variation, but small changes in the increase of the values of the applied energy in total Joules increase the values of DC and MHV in the metallic brackets because it prevents the passage of light the DC and HVK decrease significantly, remaining within the parameters considered normal. Experiment 2 showed that both LEDs were effective both in the standard function and in the turbo or plasma, and the turbo or plasma functions gave similar results to the control, even effecting with the reduction of the time for the polymerization of the metal brackets. In the experiment 3 there was no statistically significant difference in the analyzed groups. The studied LEDs provided sufficient values of Joules in some experimental groups being sufficient to reach good values in DC, SBS and HVK. The use of LEDs with adequate power, being at least 1000 mW/cm2, or the use of a high power of between 2400 and 3200 mW/cm2 and a short period of exposure of between 3 to 6 seconds, are sufficient for the bonding of orthodontic accessories.

<p>UVOD Početne karijesne lezije gleđi (bele mrlje) se defini&scaron;u kao područija demineralizovane gleđi, koja nastaju kao posledica neadekvatnog higijensko-dijetetskog režima. Prevencija belih mrlja je neophodna, kako bi se dobio maksimalan učinak terapije fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima. U prevenciji i terapiji belih mrlja se primenjuju preparati na bazi kazein- fosfopeptid &ndash; amorfnog kalcijum fosfata (CPP-ACP) i preparati na bazi fluorida. Ciljevi istraživanja su bili da se ispita prisustvo početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi, nakon tretmana fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima i da se istraži uspe&scaron;nost terapije početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi. MATERIJAL I METODE RADA U studiju je bilo uključeno 100 pacijenata, uzrasta od 15-50 godina, kod kojih je indikovana terapija fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima na Klinici za stomatologiju Vojvodine. Pacijenti su bili podeljeni u dve grupe, eksperimentalnu (pacijenti koji su koristili preparate na bazi kazein- fosfopeptid &ndash; amorfnog kalcijum fosfata i standardne preparate za oralnu higijenu) i kontrolnu (koji su koristili samo standardne preparate za oralnu higijenu). Analizirane su fotografije pacijenata napravljene pre početka tretmana, nakon uklanjanja fiksnih ortodontskih aparata i nakon terapije početnih karijesnih lezija. Formirana je baza podataka, koja je bila kori&scaron;ćena za potrebe ovog istraživanja, u okviru &bdquo;Onyxceph&ldquo; softverskog programa. U istraživanju se koristio upitnik, sastavljen većinom od pitanja zatvorenog tipa. REZULTATI Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je većina ispitanika bila ženskog pola (68%). Početne karijesne lezije su bile če&scaron;će dijagnostikovane kod mu&scaron;kog pola. Najveći broj pacijenata je bio iz grupe mlađeg odraslog doba (42%) i adolescenata (32%). Kod 73% pacijenata, koji su pro&scaron;li tretman fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima, dijagnostikovane su početne karijesne lezije zuba na kraju tretmana. Pacijenti koji su vi&scaron;e puta u toku dana konzumirali konditorske proizvode, u toku ortodontskog tretmana, su imali najvi&scaron;i procenat belih mrlja (87,5%). ZAKLJUČCI Potvrđene su obe hipoteze: 1. Prevalencija početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi nakon fiksne ortodontske terapije bila je vi&scaron;a od 60%, kod pacijenata koji su minimum godinu dana nosili fiksni ortodontski aparat. 2. Terapija belih mrlja preparatima Tooth Mousse (CPP-ACP) je dala značajno bolje rezultate, u odnosu na grupu ispitanika koji su koristiti samo standardna sredstva za održavanje oralne higijene. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata kliničkih istraživanja može se zaključiti da je prevalencija početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi proporcionalno veća kod pacijenata koji su imali slabiju oralnu higijenu u toku ortodontskog tretmana, u poređenju sa pacijentima koji su imali visoku svest o važnosti higijensko-dijetetskog režima. Primena Tooth Mousse pasta u tretmanu početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi od značajne je važnosti za remineralizaciju zubne gleđi. Dužina trajanja ortodontskog tretmana nije dovedena u direktnu vezu sa pojavom početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION The initial carious lesions (white spots) indicate an area of demineralization of enamel as a result of an inadequate hygiene-dietary regime. The prevention of white spots lesions (WSL) is necessary in order to obtain the maximum effect of the therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. In the prevention and treatment of white spots, products based on casein-phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) are applied as well as preparations based on fluoride. The aims of the study were to examine the presence of initial carious lesions on the surface of the tooth after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances and to assess the success of the therapy of initial caries lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 100 patients aged 15-50 who were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, at the public Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina. Patients were divided into two groups: experimental (patients who used Tooth Mousse paste and standard oral hygiene products) and control group (using only standard oral hygiene products). The photos of patients were made and analyzed in three stages of the study - before the beginning of the treatment, after the removal of fixed orthodontic appliances and after the therapy of initial caries lesions. Using the &quot;Onyxceph&quot; software program, the database was created, which was used for the purposes of this research. The questionnaire composed mostly of close-ended questions was used for the purpose of this survey. RESULTS The restates of this study indicated that a majority of respondents were female. (68%). The initial carious lesions were more commonly diagnosed in men. The majority of patients with WSL were in group of young adult people (42%) and adolescents (32%). In 73% of all patients who were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, were diagnosed WSL on the end of the orthodontic treatment. Patients who consumed confectionery products several times during the day, during the orthodontic treatment, had the highest percentage of white spots lesions (87.5%). CONCLUSION Both hypotheses have been confirmed: 1.The prevalence of initial carious lesions of the tooth enamel after fixed orthodontic therapy was higher than 60% in patients who had fixed orthodontic appliances for at least a year. 2. White spot therapy with Tooth Mousse&#39;s products showed significantly better results compared to a group of subjects who only used standard oral hygiene products. On the basis of the obtained results of clinical trials, it can be concluded that the prevalence of initial caries lesions is proportionally greater in patients with lower oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment, compared to patients who had higher awareness of the importance of the hygiene-dietary regime. The use and application of Tooth Mousse paste in the treatment of initial carious lesion is vital for the re-mineralization of the enamel surface.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:31:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RESUMO.pdf: 50043 bytes, checksum: a040447349c295ed19468127953c7944 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / O objtivo deste estudo pros

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Quantification of treatment outcomes (tooth displacement and bony changes) is the key to advance orthodontic research and improve clinical practices. Traditionally, treatment outcome were quantified by using two-dimensional (2D) cephalometric analysis. However, there are problems inherent in 2D analysis, such as tracing errors and inability to detect side-effects. Thus, a reliable three-dimensional (3D) image analysis method for treatment outcome quantification is of high interest. Systematic 3D image analysis methods were developed for digital dental cast models and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) models. A typical analysis procedure includes image reconstruction, landmarks identification, coordinate system setup, superimposition, and displacement or change calculation. The specified procedures for maxillary teeth displacements and anatomical landmarks movements were presented and validated. The validation results showed that these procedures were accurate and reliable enough for clinical applications. The 3D methods were first applied to a human canine retraction clinical study. The purposes of this study were to quantify canines and anchorage tooth movements, and to compare two commonly used canine retraction strategies, controlled tipping and translation. The canine results showed that (1) canine movements were linear with time; (2) the initial load system was not the only factor that controlled the canine movement pattern; and (3) control tipping was significantly faster than translation. The anchorage tooth results showed that (1) anchorage losses occurred even with transpalatal arch (TPA); (2) there was no significant difference in anchorage loss between the two treatment strategies; and (3) compared with removable TPA, fixed TPA appliance can significantly reduce the amount of anchorage loss in the mesial-distal direction. The second clinical application for the 3D methods was a mandibular growth clinical trial. The purposes of this study were to quantify skeletal landmark movements, and compare two widely used appliances, Herbst and MARA. The results showed that (1) the Herbst appliance caused mandibular forward movement with backward rotation; and (2) the treatment effects had no significant differences by using either Herbst or MARA appliances. The two clinical applications validated the methods developed in this study to quantify orthodontic treatment outcomes. They also demonstrated the benefits of using the 3D methods to quantify orthodontic treatment outcomes and to test fundamental hypotheses. These 3D methods can easily be extended to other clinical cases. This study will benefit orthodontic patients, clinicians and researchers.