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No / Beamforming is used to achieve diversity gain. It is a technique in diversity to remedy power penalty due to channel fading. The beam-weights for multi-antenna system are evaluated for two different approaches. These weights are then used to weight the signal beams of each transmit antenna branch. Results reveal that by exploiting the transmit channel substructures exposed by the singular vector decomposition algorithm, the capacity of a multi-antenna system can be enhanced.

In this thesis I do a comparative study between the Brazilian Portuguese Grammar (henceforth BP) and European Portuguese Grammar (henceforth EP) concerning to the word order, more specifically, with respect to the subject order in relation to the verb in finite declarative phrases. One defends that Verb-Subject order (VS) has been lost in the first language in (in)transitive contexts due a parametric change in the marking of Null Subject Parameter caused by weakness of AGR, what implies to consider that BP is losing the characterization of a prototypical null subject language as the EP for become a non-prodrop subject language as English. In this order, in inaccusative contexts, the visible morphologically agreement between a verbal inflection and the post-verbal DP is generally not observed and this DP can also be definite or indefinite, unlike what is proposed by Belletti s approach. Futhermore, researches have assumed that the subject position with respect to the verb comes from the fact of the syntax be conditioned by discoursive constraints. Therefore, with respect to these aspects, the goals of this research are: a) to develop an analysis about VS order in both grammars, considering the implications of the AGR richness for the position of the subjects ; b) to characterize this richness from the rediscussion of some theoretical proposals; c) to show counter-evidences to the proposal of that the word order codifies the informational structure; d) to explain the possibility of the non-visible morphologically agreement between the post-verbal DP and the verbal inflection in inaccusative contexts and its implications for the type of mechanism concerned to the nominative Case assignment and e) to argue against the universality of the Definiteness Efect on the post-verbal DP. To develope this study, the analysis bases itself on Pricinciples and Parameters, and the Distributed Morphology frameworks. The sentence structures are results from introspection data. During this research, it was possible to conclude that rich AGR that licences and identifies referential null subjects in null subject languages has no correlation with rich AGR that causes the verb movement in the syntax, and that preverbal subjects occupy an A-position in BP and in EP, unlike what is generally proposed. Futhermore, the different behaviour of VS order observed among these languages receives explanatory support from the type of syntactic output generated by each grammar in particular but not from discoursive constraints. With respect to the order in which there is no visibility of morphological agreement between the verbalinflection and the post-verbal DP in inaccusative contexts, I argue that it is a pseudo- VS order, in which Definiteness Efect does not act on. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nesta tese realizo um estudo comparativo entre a gramática do português brasileiro (doravante PB) e a do português europeu (doravante PE) no que diz respeito à ordem dos constituintes, mais especificamente, do sujeito em relação ao verbo em frases declarativas finitas. Tem-se defendido que a ordem Verbo-Sujeito (VS) tem sido perdida na primeira língua em contextos (in)transitivos em virtude de uma mudança paramétrica na marcação do Parâmetro do Sujeito Nulo ocasionada pelo enfraquecimento de AGR, o que implica considerar que o PB está deixando de ser uma língua de sujeito nulo prototípica como o PE para tornar-se uma língua de sujeito não-nulo como o inglês. Nessa ordem, em contextos inacusativos, a concordância morfologicamente visível entre a flexão verbal e o DP pós-verbal, em geral, não é observada e, ainda, esse DP pode ser definido ou indefinido, ao contrário do que é proposto pela análise belletiana. Ademais, estudos têm assumido que a posição do sujeito em relação ao verbo decorre do fato de a sintaxe estar a serviço de requerimentos de ordem discursiva. Portanto, face a esses aspectos, os objetivos desta pesquisa são: a) desenvolver uma análise sobre a ordem VS em ambas as gramáticas, levando em conta as implicações da riqueza de AGR para a posição dos sujeitos; b) caracterizar essa riqueza , a partir da rediscussão de algumas propostas teóricas; c) apresentar contra-evidências à proposta de que a ordem dos constituintes codifica a estrutura informacional; d) explicar a possibilidade de concordância morfologicamente não-vísível entre o DP pós-verbal e a flexão verbal em contextos inacusativos e suas implicações para o tipo de mecanismo relacionado à atribuição de Caso nominativo e e) argumentar contra a universalidade do Efeito de Definitude sobre o DP pós-verbal. Para a realização desse estudo, a análise fundamenta-se no arcabouço teórico do Modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros e da Morfologia Distribuída, sendo as estruturas frasais resultados de dados de introspecção. No decorrer desta pesquisa, é plausível concluir que AGR rico que licencia e idendifica sujeitos nulos referenciais em línguas de sujeito nulo não tem a ver com AGR rico que motiva o movimento do verbo na sintaxe, e que sujeitos pré-verbais ocupam uma posição-A no PB e no PE, ao contrário do que é comumente proposto na literatura. De mais a mais, o comportamento diferenciado da ordem VS atestado entre essas línguas ganha suporte explicativo no tipo de output sintático gerado por cada gramática em particular e não em requerimentos de ordem discursiva. No que concerne à ordem em que não há visibilidade da concordância morfológica entre a flexão-verbal e o DP pós-verbal em contextos inacusativos, argumento que seja uma pseudo-ordem VS , não sendo atuante sobre esse DP o Efeito de Definitude.

Title: Uncertainties in regional climate models outputs Author: RNDr. Eva Holtanová Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jaroslava Kalvová, CSc. Department: Dept. of Meteorology and Environment Protection Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University in Prague Present doctoral thesis focuses on the analysis of uncertainties in regional climate model outputs in the area of the Czech Republic. Generally, the uncertainties in model outputs come from inaccuracies of initial and boundary conditions, further from the necessity to parameterize the small scale processes, and the structure of the model, e.g. the choice of numerical schemes or spatial resolution. In case of the simulations of future climate, another source of uncertainty arises. It is the unknown development of forcings that influence the climate system. The analysis in this work focuses on two multi-model ensembles, that come from two international European projects PRUDENCE and ENSEMBLES. The simulated 30-year mean seasonal air temperature and precipitation amounts are used, for the reference period 1961- 1990, and several future time periods. Two techniques were employed to assess the uncertainties. The first one was aimed at dividing the variance of a multi-model ensemble into contributions of regional model, driving global model and emission...

This thesis deals with the problem of displaying graphical outputs so that a certain fact is hidden. The aim of this thesis is to provide basic information about graphical outputs. Subsequently, outline the issue of their possible use or misuse and provide basic advice on what to focus on graphical outputs in order not to deceive the graph reader. This thesis is divided into two parts - the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part contains a literary overview of the problems of graphical outputs and their processing. The practical part describes the research on practical graphs carried out on the focus group and individual respondents. Subsequently, the practical part includes the evaluation of this research and the drawing of basic recommendations for reading the graphs.

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Abstract available in the Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.

We present an implicit a-posteriori finite element procedure to compute bounds for functional outputs of finite element solutions in large strain elasticity. The method proposed relies on the existence of a potential energy functional whose local minima, over a space of suitably chosen continuous functions, corresponds to the problem solution. The output of interest is cast as a constrained minimization problem over an enlarged discontinuous finite element space. A Lagrangian is formed were the multipliers are an adjoint solution, which enforces equilibrium, and hybrid fluxes, which constrain the solution to be continuous. By computing approximate values for the multipliers on a coarse mesh, strict upper and lower bounds for the output of interest on a suitably refined mesh, are obtained. This requires a minimization over a discontinuous space, which can be carried out locally at low cost. The computed bounds are uniformly valid regardless of the size of the underlying coarse discretization. The method is demonstrated with two applications involving large strain plane stress incompressible neo-hookean hyperelasticity. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the applied methods of calculation of costs in the selected accounting unit in terms of usability of price defining. Simultaneously to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of calculation methods due to the development or modification of the calculation procedures. In the case of identified deficiencies introduce recommendations which the entity should accept, including the reasons that led to the relevant proposals. There are used methods of description, relevant mathematical methods, analysis of internal data, methods of managerial accounting and others. The selected entity is the cutlery manufacturing cooperative. In the results of this works there are proposed recommendations for the manufacturing and administrative overhead. Additionally a few changes are proposed for process of setting product prices in the company stores and in the e-shop. Beneficial change a costing formula is separate item monitoring cooperation in the direct costs. Finally, it is suggested to assemble documentation for calculations.

This Diploma Thesis deals with the problem of cyberbullying at basic schools and its place in the lessons of media education. The theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first part handles with the specification of lessons of media education as they are defined in the ?RVP ZV?. It also mentions the recommended expected outputs which in the field of media education include also the problem of safe using of the internet and mobile phones at schools. The second part handles with cyberbullying considering its actuality and differences from the classic bullying. The methods of preventing and possible solutions are emphasized as well as the introduction of some stories from the reality. The practical part describes the circumstances of creating the lessons. This is followed by the description of six linked lessons and the evaluation of the process of the education. The evaluation is based on the feed-back from the students and their suggestions. The aim of my Diploma Thesis is to show a possible way of the realisation of lessons including the problem of cyberbullying in the lessons of media education. I also wanted to refer to the importance of bringing this problem to basic schools.