Suburbs in Melbourne present to us a unique context with which a new approach towards urban form can be devised using the existing conditions and opportunities found with infrastructural developments. This thesis contains the investigations on the various 'pathologies' of the urban fabric specifically on the potential use of 'Spaces Left-Over After Planning' as by-product to infrastructural development in relation to the reinvigoration of Melbourne suburbs under the influence of current and future metropolitan growth pressures. The contents of the research aims to demonstrate the potentials for urban diversification followed by densification using the already inherent characteristics of the selected suburbs (Oakleigh, Waverley and Broadmeadows) to facilitate the metropolitan expansion of Melbourne with the intention of encouraging ways in which suburban fabric can reach its maturity along with new infrastructural developments to foster community engagement.

The notion that a universally effective problem solver may still exist, and is simply waiting to be found, is slowly being abandoned in the light of a growing body of work reporting on the narrow applicability of individual heuristics. As the formalism of the constraint satisfaction problem remains a popular choice for the representation of problems to be solved algorithmically, there exists an ongoing need for new algorithms to effciently handle the disparate range of problems that have been posed in this representation. Given the costs associated with manually applying human algorithm development and problem solving expertise, methods that can automatically adapt to the particular features of a specific class of problem have begun to attract more attention. Whilst a number of authors have developed adaptive systems, the field, and particularly with respect to their application to constraint satisfaction problems, has seen only limited discussion as to what features are desirable for an adaptive constraint system. This may well have been a limiting factor with previous implementations, which have exhibited only subsets of the five features identified in this work as important to the utility of an adaptive constraint satisfaction system. Whether an adaptive system exhibits these features depends on both the chosen represen-tation and the method of adaptation. In this thesis, a three-part representation for constraint algorithms is introduced, which defines an algorithm in terms of contention, preference and selection functions. An adaptive system based on genetic programming is presented that adapts constraint algorithms described using the mentioned three-part representation. This is believed to be the first use of standard genetic programming for learning constraint algo-rithms. Finally, to further demonstrate the efficacy of this adaptive system, its performance in learning specialised algorithms for hard, real-world problem instances is thoroughly evaluated. These instances include random as well as structured instances from known-hard benchmark distributions, industrial problems (specifically, SAT-translated planning and cryptographic problems) as well as over-constrained problem instances. The outcome of this evaluation is a set of new algorithms - valuable in their own right - specifically tailored to these problem classes. Partial results of this work have appeared in the following publications: [1] Stuart Bain, John Thornton, and Abdul Sattar (2004) Evolving algorithms for constraint satisfaction. In Proc. of the 2004 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pages 265-272. [2] Stuart Bain, John Thornton, and Abdul Sattar (2004) Methods of automatic algorithm generation. In Proc. of the 9th Pacific Rim Conference on AI, pages 144-153. [3] Stuart Bain, John Thornton, and Abdul Sattar. (2005) A comparison of evolutionary methods for the discovery of local search heuristics. In Australian Conference on Artificial Intelligence: AI'05, pages 1068-1074. [4] Stuart Bain, John Thornton, and Abdul Sattar (2005) Evolving variable-ordering heuristics for constrained optimisation. In Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming: CP'05, pages 732-736.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / In this work, we investigate methods for computing explicitly with homomorphisms (and particularly endomorphisms) of Jacobian varieties of algebraic curves. Our principal tool is the theory of correspondences, in which homomorphisms of Jacobians are represented by divisors on products of curves. We give families of hyperelliptic curves of genus three, five, six, seven, ten and fifteen whose Jacobians have explicit isogenies (given in terms of correspondences) to other hyperelliptic Jacobians. We describe several families of hyperelliptic curves whose Jacobians have complex or real multiplication; we use correspondences to make the complex and real multiplication explicit, in the form of efficiently computable maps on ideal class representatives. These explicit endomorphisms may be used for efficient integer multiplication on hyperelliptic Jacobians, extending Gallant--Lambert--Vanstone fast multiplication techniques from elliptic curves to higher dimensional Jacobians. We then describe Richelot isogenies for curves of genus two; in contrast to classical treatments of these isogenies, we consider all the Richelot isogenies from a given Jacobian simultaneously. The inter-relationship of Richelot isogenies may be used to deduce information about the endomorphism ring structure of Jacobian surfaces; we conclude with a brief exploration of these techniques.

<p>Voice over IP technology (VoIP) has recently gained popularity among consumers. Many popular VoIP services exist only as software for PCs. The need of taking such services out of the PC, into a stand-alone device has been discovered, and this thesis work deals with the development of such a device. The thesis work is done for Häger Scandinavia AB, a Swedish telephone manufacturer. This thesis work covers the design of a complete prototype of a table-top VoIP telephone running an embedded Linux Operating system. Design areas include product development, hardware design and software design.The result is a working prototype with hardware and corresponding Linux device drivers. The prototype can host a Linux application adapted to it. Conclusions are that the first hardware version has worked well and that using an open-source operating system is very useful. Further work consists of implementing a complete telephony software application in the system, evaluation of system requirements and adapting the prototype for a commercial design.</p>

Ett offentligt uppköpserbjudande definieras i 1 kap. 2 § 1p. Lag (2006:451) om offentliga uppköpserbjudanden på aktiemarknaden (LUA) så som ett offentligt erbjudande till innehavare av aktier som har getts ut av ett svenskt eller utländskt aktiebolag att överlåta samtliga eller en del av dessa aktier. Innan ett offentligt uppköpserbjudande lämnas vill den potentiella budgivaren som regel genomföra en due diligence-undersökning på målbolaget. Syftet med denna uppsats är att söka fastslå (1) om det föreligger en skyldighet för målbolaget att medge en due diligence-undersökning, (2) under vilka omständigheter denna eventuella skyldighet föreligger samt (3) vilka sanktioner som står till buds för aktieägarna då en eventuell skyldighet inte efterföljs. I arbetet med uppsatsen har en traditionell rättsdogmatisk metod använts. Frågan om styrelsens eventuella skyldighet att medge en due diligence-undersökning undersöks utifrån både ett aktiebolagsrättsligt och ett aktiemarknadsrättsligt perspektiv. Ur ett aktiemarknadsrättsligt perspektiv förutsätts som regel att en due diligence-undersökning kan och får genomföras. Due diligence-undersökningar är dock inte oproblematiska ur ett aktiebolagsrättsligt perspektiv. Det finns en risk att den information som lämnas ut till budgivaren kan leda till skada för målbolaget. Dessutom kan målbolaget lida skada genom de kostnader som uppkommer i samband med en due diligence-undersökning. Vad avser frågan om de sanktioner som står till buds för enskilda aktieägare har, utöver aktiebolagslagens bestämmelser om skadestånd, eventuell rätt till skadestånd enligt allmänna skadeståndsrättsliga principer undersökts.   Resultatet av undersökningen är att det föreligger en skyldighet för styrelsen att i vissa fall medger en begäran om en due diligence-undersökning. En huvudförutsättning för att så ska vara fallet är dock att en sådan undersökning anses ligga i de enskilda aktieägarnas intresse i form av ett bud som är mer förmånligt att acceptera än att förkasta. I praktiken är dock denna skyldighet i princip osanktionerad.

What is home? Is it simply a place, or is it something more than that? What is the nature of home for truck drivers? Where does it occur, and how do they create and conceptualize it? I examine the literature on home, concluding that home is not a place but rather a relationship that occurs between an individual and a place. I then draw upon autoethnographic research to communicate how truck drivers conceptualize and create home.

With an increasing interest for renewable power, photovoltaics (PV) have becomemore and more common in the distribution network. If a customer wants to install aPV system, or another type of distributed generation (DG), the distribution systemoperators (DSO) needs a good way to determine if it the grid can handle it or not. InSweden, a guideline to aid the DSO was published in 2011. However, this guidelineonly considers one connection without considering other DG units. This project isabout developing new guidelines for DG connections in grids with a large number ofDG units. Based on a literature study it has been concluded that one of the mostcritical issue is over-voltage, which is the main focus of this project. Two new methods have been developed; the first proposed method is based onneglecting reactance and losses in the grid, a simple linear relationship between thevoltage level, the resistance in the lines, and the installed power is obtained. Thisrelationship is then used to calculate the voltage level at critical points in the grid. Thesecond method is to find the weakest bus, with a connected DG unit. By assumingthat all power is installed at that point we get a very simple guideline; it is veryconservative but can be used before the first method. A simulation tool has been developed in order to analyze the voltage level in grids forvarious cases with connected DG units. The simulated results have proven that theproposed guidelines are, when considering voltage issues, very reliable and can beuseful. However, further work needs to be done to ensure that other problems donot occur.

Digital microprocessor based relays are currently being utilized for safe, reliable and efficient operation of power systems. The overcurrent protection relay is the most extensively used component to safeguard power systems from the detrimental effects of faults. Wrong settings in overcurrent relay parameters can lead to false tripping or even bypassing fault conditions which can lead to a catastrophe. Therefore it is important to validate the settings of power protection equipment and to confirm its performance when subject to different fault conditions. This paper presents the modeling of an overcurrent relay in SimPowerSystems (\textsc {matlab}/Simulink). The overcurrent relay has the features of instantaneous, time definite and inverse  definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristics. A power system is modeled in SimPowerSystems and this overcurrent relay model is incorporated in the test case. The overall model is then simulated in real-time using Opal-RT's eMEGAsim real-time simulator to analyze the relay's performance when subjected to faults and with different characteristic settings in the relay model. Finally Hardware-in-the-Loop validation of the model is done by using the overcurrent protection feature in Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Relay SEL-487E. The event reports generated by the SEL relays during Hardware-in-the-Loop testing are compared with the results obtained from the standalone testing and software model to validate the model. / <p>QC 20130215</p>

Plants activate an array of defense mechanisms upon pathogen attack. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced disease resistance phenomenon deployed after infection by a necrogenic pathogen and is dependent on endogenous accumulation of salicylic acid. The objectives of my research were to characterize SAR in the crop plant, <i>Brassica napus</i> (canola), and study the effects of overexpressing genes involved in SAR on disease resistance. Biological induction of SAR using necrogenic Pseudomonas syringae and chemical induction using benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothionic acid reduced growth of the bacterial pathogen P. syringae and the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. This growth reduction was associated with an increase in transcript levels of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, one of the characteristic features of SAR. Transgenic plants expressing a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase gene (NahG), were more susceptible to the above pathogens and were delayed in accumulating PR gene transcripts, indicating a need for SA accumulation for SAR in B. napus. Expression of two SAR genes from Arabidopsis, DEFECTIVE IN INDUCED RESISTANCE 1 (DIR1) and NON EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 (NPR1), in <i>B. napus</i> enhanced resistance against virulent P. syringae without SAR pre-treatments. Putative orthologs of DIR1 and NPR1 (BnDIR1 and BnNPR1) were isolated from B. napus based on EST sequences. BnDIR1 and BnNPR1 display 71% and 66% amino acid sequence similarities, respectively, to the corresponding Arabidopsis proteins. Expression of BnNPR1 in Arabidopsis npr1 mutant backgrounds indicated that it was able to functionally complement these mutations. Expression of BnDIR1 enhanced disease resistance in both Arabidopsis wild-type and dir1-1 mutant backgrounds. Expression of DIR1, NPR1, BnDIR1 and BnNPR1, separately, in <i>B. napus</i> plants enhanced resistance against P. syringae. SAR pre-treatments further enhanced resistance of transgenic <i>B. napus</i> plants expressing DIR1 and BnDIR1 to <i>P. syringae</i>, indicating an additive effect. Expression of DIR1 in B. napus did not provide resistance against <i>L. maculans</i>. These results provide the first in-depth molecular characterization of SAR in B. napus, and in particular, provide new insight into DIR1 function not previously reported in Arabidopsis.

Plants activate an array of defense mechanisms upon pathogen attack. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced disease resistance phenomenon deployed after infection by a necrogenic pathogen and is dependent on endogenous accumulation of salicylic acid. The objectives of my research were to characterize SAR in the crop plant, <i>Brassica napus</i> (canola), and study the effects of overexpressing genes involved in SAR on disease resistance. Biological induction of SAR using necrogenic Pseudomonas syringae and chemical induction using benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothionic acid reduced growth of the bacterial pathogen P. syringae and the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. This growth reduction was associated with an increase in transcript levels of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, one of the characteristic features of SAR. Transgenic plants expressing a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase gene (NahG), were more susceptible to the above pathogens and were delayed in accumulating PR gene transcripts, indicating a need for SA accumulation for SAR in B. napus. Expression of two SAR genes from Arabidopsis, DEFECTIVE IN INDUCED RESISTANCE 1 (DIR1) and NON EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 (NPR1), in <i>B. napus</i> enhanced resistance against virulent P. syringae without SAR pre-treatments. Putative orthologs of DIR1 and NPR1 (BnDIR1 and BnNPR1) were isolated from B. napus based on EST sequences. BnDIR1 and BnNPR1 display 71% and 66% amino acid sequence similarities, respectively, to the corresponding Arabidopsis proteins. Expression of BnNPR1 in Arabidopsis npr1 mutant backgrounds indicated that it was able to functionally complement these mutations. Expression of BnDIR1 enhanced disease resistance in both Arabidopsis wild-type and dir1-1 mutant backgrounds. Expression of DIR1, NPR1, BnDIR1 and BnNPR1, separately, in <i>B. napus</i> plants enhanced resistance against P. syringae. SAR pre-treatments further enhanced resistance of transgenic <i>B. napus</i> plants expressing DIR1 and BnDIR1 to <i>P. syringae</i>, indicating an additive effect. Expression of DIR1 in B. napus did not provide resistance against <i>L. maculans</i>. These results provide the first in-depth molecular characterization of SAR in B. napus, and in particular, provide new insight into DIR1 function not previously reported in Arabidopsis.