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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 figueiro_gg_me_ilha.pdf: 1622216 bytes, checksum: 6223c00cd61193ae623babff3571f19a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo evidenciar os principais componentes químicos que influenciam o cultivo do cogumelo Pleurotus florida, bem como avaliar a composição química dos corpos de frutificação cultivados em diferentes resíduos agrícolas. Para tanto, foram utilizados seis resíduos agrícolas: palha de arroz (PA), palha de feijão (PF), palha de trigo (PT), palha de sorgo (PS), folha de bananeira (FB) e sabugo de milho (SM). Estes resíduos, coletados na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, foram analisados quanto aos teores de macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) e micronutrientes (Fe, Mn e Zn), lignina, celulose, hemicelulose, cinzas e relação C/N. Foram avaliados: o tempo necessário para a colonização do substrato (corrida micelial), o início da formação de primórdios, o tempo total de cultivo, o número de cogumelos, a produção e a eficiência biológica utilizando a fórmula: EB = (peso fresco dos cogumelos/peso seco do substrato inicial) x 100. Além disso, os cogumelos foram avaliados quanto aos teores de macro (N, P, K, Ca e Mg) e micronutrientes (Fe, Mn e Zn) e o teor de proteínas. O substrato PF apresentou resultados semelhantes para produção (189,8 g/kg-1), EB (89,2%) e número de cogumelos (12) à PA, substrato utilizado tradicionalmente no cultivo de Pleurotus em escala comercial. Não foi possível atribuir apenas a um fator químico as altas produções e EB observadas em PA e PF e muito menos para a baixa produção em PS (77,8 g/kg-1) e SM (53,2 g/kg-1). No geral, substratos com conteúdo de N ao redor de 1,0%, relação C/N em torno de 45%, baixo teor lignina, alto conteúdo de cinzas e maiores teores de P, K e Ca foram os melhores para o cultivo de P. florida. Entre os macronutrientes analisados, P. florida apresentou maiores teores de K, seguido por P. O Ca e o Mg estiveram presentes em pequenas quantidades nos corpos... / This study aimed to show the main chemical components that influence the cultivation of the mushroom Pleurotus florida, and evaluate the chemical composition of fruiting bodies grown on different agricultural residues. For that, six agricultural residues were used: rice straw (RS), bean straw (BS), wheat straw (WS), sorghum straw (SS), banana leaf (BL) and cob of maize (CM). These wastes were collected at Teaching, Research and Extention Farm of UNESP, Campus of Ilha Solteira, analyzed for the levels of macro (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn), lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, ash and the C/N ratio. Was evaluated: spawn run time, earliness, the total time of cultivation and mushroom number, production and biological efficiency using the formula: EB = (fresh weight of mushrooms/dry weight of initial substrate) x 100. Moreover, the mushrooms were evaluated for levels of macro (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn) and protein content. The substrate BS showed similar results for yield (189,8 g/kg-1), EB (89,2%) and number of mushrooms (12) as RS substrate traditionally used for the cultivation of Pleurotus in commercial scale. Unable to allocate only the chemical factors and the high yields and EB observed in BS and RS, much less for the yield low in SS (77,8 g/kg-1) and CM (53,2 g/kg-1). In general, substrates with N content of around 1.0%, C/N ratio around 45%, low lignin content, high ash content, increased by higher levels of P, K, Ca were the best for the cultivation of P. florida. Among the macronutrients analyzed, P. florida with higher contents of K, followed by P. The Ca and Mg were present in small amounts in fruiting bodies. Among the micronutrients, Zn was present in high amount, followed by Fe and Mn. P. florida showed high ability to accumulate Zn. The mushrooms obtained in this work could not be considered a source of minerals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Luiz Antonio Graciolli / Banca: Ana Maria Rodrigues Cassiolato / Banca: Eustáquio Souza Dias / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo evidenciar os principais componentes químicos que influenciam o cultivo do cogumelo Pleurotus florida, bem como avaliar a composição química dos corpos de frutificação cultivados em diferentes resíduos agrícolas. Para tanto, foram utilizados seis resíduos agrícolas: palha de arroz (PA), palha de feijão (PF), palha de trigo (PT), palha de sorgo (PS), folha de bananeira (FB) e sabugo de milho (SM). Estes resíduos, coletados na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, foram analisados quanto aos teores de macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) e micronutrientes (Fe, Mn e Zn), lignina, celulose, hemicelulose, cinzas e relação C/N. Foram avaliados: o tempo necessário para a colonização do substrato (corrida micelial), o início da formação de primórdios, o tempo total de cultivo, o número de cogumelos, a produção e a eficiência biológica utilizando a fórmula: EB = (peso fresco dos cogumelos/peso seco do substrato inicial) x 100. Além disso, os cogumelos foram avaliados quanto aos teores de macro (N, P, K, Ca e Mg) e micronutrientes (Fe, Mn e Zn) e o teor de proteínas. O substrato PF apresentou resultados semelhantes para produção (189,8 g/kg-1), EB (89,2%) e número de cogumelos (12) à PA, substrato utilizado tradicionalmente no cultivo de Pleurotus em escala comercial. Não foi possível atribuir apenas a um fator químico as altas produções e EB observadas em PA e PF e muito menos para a baixa produção em PS (77,8 g/kg-1) e SM (53,2 g/kg-1). No geral, substratos com conteúdo de N ao redor de 1,0%, relação C/N em torno de 45%, baixo teor lignina, alto conteúdo de cinzas e maiores teores de P, K e Ca foram os melhores para o cultivo de P. florida. Entre os macronutrientes analisados, P. florida apresentou maiores teores de K, seguido por P. O Ca e o Mg estiveram presentes em pequenas quantidades nos corpos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to show the main chemical components that influence the cultivation of the mushroom Pleurotus florida, and evaluate the chemical composition of fruiting bodies grown on different agricultural residues. For that, six agricultural residues were used: rice straw (RS), bean straw (BS), wheat straw (WS), sorghum straw (SS), banana leaf (BL) and cob of maize (CM). These wastes were collected at Teaching, Research and Extention Farm of UNESP, Campus of Ilha Solteira, analyzed for the levels of macro (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn), lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, ash and the C/N ratio. Was evaluated: spawn run time, earliness, the total time of cultivation and mushroom number, production and biological efficiency using the formula: EB = (fresh weight of mushrooms/dry weight of initial substrate) x 100. Moreover, the mushrooms were evaluated for levels of macro (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn) and protein content. The substrate BS showed similar results for yield (189,8 g/kg-1), EB (89,2%) and number of mushrooms (12) as RS substrate traditionally used for the cultivation of Pleurotus in commercial scale. Unable to allocate only the chemical factors and the high yields and EB observed in BS and RS, much less for the yield low in SS (77,8 g/kg-1) and CM (53,2 g/kg-1). In general, substrates with N content of around 1.0%, C/N ratio around 45%, low lignin content, high ash content, increased by higher levels of P, K, Ca were the best for the cultivation of P. florida. Among the macronutrients analyzed, P. florida with higher contents of K, followed by P. The Ca and Mg were present in small amounts in fruiting bodies. Among the micronutrients, Zn was present in high amount, followed by Fe and Mn. P. florida showed high ability to accumulate Zn. The mushrooms obtained in this work could not be considered a source of minerals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This thesis investigates the opportunities and challenges regarding urban oyster mushroomproduction (Pleurotus Ostreatus) employing urban-based materials in Stockholm Stad as agrowing medium. Additionally, the availability of the five most suitable substrates has beenfurther explored with the indicator’s availability in Stockholm Stad, and the Biologicalefficiency (BE%) for a suitable growing medium and the quantity of the substrates have beenmapped out. In response to climate change and an uncertain future, cities need to be resilientto disasters and meet essential needs like water, food, and energy. Due to the COVID-19pandemic, the Swedish government plans to increase self-sufficiency by developing the lawof public procurement to prioritize buying locally produced goods. However, imported foodis cheaper than Swedish goods, making it difficult for domestic products to compete.Moreover, a major part of Sweden’s waste management consists of the combustion of variouswaste, which is being on a lower priority on the Waste hierarchy. Therefore, assessing thepossible areas of use such as oyster mushroom cultivation could likely add further value tothe residual waste streams investigated. Using Material Flow Analysis (MFA), interviews,and literature review, relevant data and information was collected to locate the five mostsuitable substrates: (1) wood waste from arborists and wood workers, (2) paper waste, (3)cardboard waste, (4) Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) from five of the biggest chains coffeeshops in Stockholm Stad, (5) garden waste collected from a collection company. Theestimated availability of each residual waste stream has been mapped out with paper wastebeing 15’805’567 kg, 20’560’580 kg (cardboard), 64’166’500 kg wood waste, 3’939’664,2kg garden waste, and 152’121,7 kg (SCG). The BE% is ranging from 18,61% for SCG, woodwaste to 64,69%, garden waste to 95,3%, paper to 112,4%, and cardboard with a BE% of117,5%. Moreover, the BE% will vary depending on the preparation of the substrate and thegrowing conditions of the mushrooms. The oyster mushroom's estimated kilo price is 245SEK/kg, with a potential yearly value of the oyster mushroom is estimated to beapproximately 128’333’000 SEK. This thesis highlights the potential of oyster mushroomcultivation potential where Stockholm Stad has the capacity to be locally self-sufficient whenlooking at the quantity of substrate available. Additionally, the results display the value ofusing residual waste streams as a resource in other ways than energy recovery. / Detta examensarbete undersöker möjligheterna och utmaningarna när det gäller urbanostronsvampproduktion (Pleurotus ostreatus) med stadsbaserade material i Stockholm Stad somodlingsmedium. Dessutom har tillgången på de fem mest lämpliga substraten undersökts ytterligaremed indikatorns tillgänglighet i Stockholm Stad och den biologiska effektiviteten (BE%) för ettlämpligt odlingsmedium och mängden av substraten har kartlagts. Som svar på klimatförändringaroch osäker framtid är det viktigt för städer att vara motståndskraftiga mot katastrofer och tillgodoseväsentliga behov som vatten, mat och energi. På grund av COVID-19 pandemin planerar den svenskaregeringen att öka självförsörjningen genom att utveckla lagen om offentlig upphandling för attprioritera köp av lokalt producerade varor. Den importerade maten är billigare än svenska varor, vilketgör det svårt för inhemska produkter att konkurrera. En stor del av Sveriges avfallshantering bestårdessutom av förbränning av olika avfall, vilket är lägre prioriterat i Avfallshierarkin. Därför kan enbedömning av möjliga användningsområden, såsom ostronsvampodling, sannolikt tillföra ytterligarevärde till de undersökta restavfallsströmmarna. Med hjälp av MFA, intervjuer och litteraturstudiersamlades relevant data och information in för att lokalisera de fem mest lämpliga substraten: (1)träavfall från arborister och träarbetare, (2) pappersavfall, (3) kartongavfall, (4) SCG från fem av destörsta kafékedjorna i Stockholm Stad, (5) Trädgårdsavfall som hämtas från ett insamlingsföretag.Den uppskattade tillgängligheten för varje restavfallsström har kartlagts med pappersavfall på15,805,567 kg, 20,560,580 kg (kartong), 64’166’500 kg träavfall, 3’939’664,2 kg trädgårdsavfall och152’121,7 kg (SCG). BE% varierar från 18,61% för SCG, träavfall till 64,69%, trädgårdsavfall95,3%, papper 112,4% och kartong med en BE% på 117,5%. Dessutom kommer BE procenttalet attvariera beroende på preparationen av substraten och svampens odlingsförhållanden. Ostronsvampensestimerade kilopris är 245 SEK/kg, med ett potentiellt årligt värde på ostronsvampen uppskattas tillcirka 128’333’000 SEK. Detta arbete belyser potentialen för ostronsvampsodlingspotential därStockholm Stad har kapacitet att vara lokalt självförsörjande när man tittar på mängden tillgängligtsubstrat. Dessutom visar resultaten värdet av att använda restavfallsströmmar som en resurs på andrasätt än energiåtervinning.