The isolation of DNA from plant tissue of the required quality is very complicated, especially because of the presence of substances that can interfere during amplification of DNA. These substances are mainly polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins and various dyes. The chemical diversity of such materials can have a significant effect on the yield and quality of DNA using one isolation procedure. The main aim of the work was to evaluate the use of microisolation protocol for related matrices to the quality of the isolated DNA as well as the evaluation of the effect of inhibitors isolated with the nucleic acid to the amplification in the PCR. DNA was isolated from dried paprika (Capsicum annuum). In the first step, the samples were homogenized using a lysis reagent with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Subsequently, the DNA was purified by reversible adsorption on magnetic particles. It was tested six different modified particles. The concentration and purity of the obtained DNA was determined by spectrophotometry measuring the absorbance of the DNA solution in TE buffer. The quality of the DNA was confirmed by amplification in PCR. For the PCR were used primers specific for plant ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The presence of PCR products was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was found out that used microassay is suitable for isolating of the DNA of the corresponding purity that is suitable for the genetic analysis by PCR. The differences were found between the magnetic particles that were tested for DNA isolation.

This master thesis deals with the analysis of nutritional properties of paprika condiment with different geographic origin. The theoretical part contains botanical description of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), its chemical composition, process of production of paprika and then they are described analytical methods suitable for determination of fundamental nutrional properties. Experimental part is focused on the preparation of samples and their analysis. In total, 11 samples were selected for the experiment, 5 of them had a protected designation of origin. These samples were from Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgary, Romania, Turkey and Spain. The Soxhlet extraction was used for the analysis of the fat content, Kjeldahl method was used to determine gross protein. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was chosen to determine carbohydrates and capsaicin. Induction-coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used for elemental analysis. The results were compared with each other and with available databases and literature. For comparing and finding certain connections, the principal component analysis (PCA) was selected.

El presente estudio de investigación se basa en el análisis de tres variables que influyen en la exportación de paprika seca proveniente de Perú hacia el mercado de México durante el periodo 2008 al 2018. En ese sentido, se consideró necesario analizar las cuotas arancelarias, debido al alto grado de aplicación por parte de México para la importación de paprika seca desde la vigencia del Acuerdo de Integración Comercial en el año 2012. Por otra parte, otra variable que se consideró dentro de la investigación fueron las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, ya que muchas veces estas suelen ejercer como una desviación hacia el comercio, sobre todo en productos agrícolas. Así mismo, como última variable se tuvo en consideración la competencia internacional. Dicha variable fue analizada con el apoyo de entrevistas y la realización de estadística que permitió ver la correlación directa entre los competidores y las exportaciones. Para el análisis de estas variables fue necesario un enfoque mixto, el cual se basó en un análisis estadístico de las exportaciones antes y después de la vigencia del AIC y de la competencia internacional. Además, también se usó las entrevistas especializadas para el estudio de la influencia de las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias para las exportaciones de paprika. En cuanto a los resultados, se pudo obtener que la variable más influyente fue la competencia internacional, las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, y en menor medida las cuotas arancelarias de importación. / This research study is based on the analysis of three variables that influence the export of dried paprika from Peru to the Mexican market during the period 2008 to 2018. In that sense, it was considered necessary to analyze the tariff rate quotas, due to the high degree of application by Mexico for the importation of dried paprika since the Trade Integration Agreement entered into force in 2012. On the other hand, another variable that was considered within the investigation was the sanitary and phytosanitary measures, since often these tend to exert as a deviation towards trade, especially in agricultural products. Likewise, international competition was taken into account as the last variable. This variable was analyzed with the support of interviews and the realization of statistics that allowed seeing the direct correlation between competitors and exports. For the analysis of these variables, a mixed approach was necessary, which was based on a statistical analysis of exports before and after the validity of the AIC and international competition. In addition, specialized interviews were also used to study the influence of sanitary and phytosanitary measures for paprika exports. As for the results, it was possible to obtain that the most influential variable was international competition, sanitary and phytosanitary measures and, to a lesser extent, import tariff rate quotas. / Tesis

Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Münster (Westfalen).

The objective of the thesis is to research the physiological differences between picked genotypes of Capsicum annuum and the effect of lower temperatures in the beginning of ontogeny. Another objective is to find out how Capsicum annuum plants react to application of anti-stress agent Atonic and to determine the most appropriate physiological indicators of resistence to low temperatures. Capsicum annuum ranks among thermophilic crops for which the temperature optimum is of 22 - 25 °C during the day and 18 - 20 °C overnight. They are planted at the field station at the time when ground frost may occur. These can cause physiological changes in the plant or even cause her death. Three varieties were chosen for the experiment: Amy, Eva a Lydia. Plants were divided into a control group and treatment group. Both groups were further divided into two additional groups - with and without the application of Atonic in the beginning of vegetative growth (6th day of exposure to stress). Control group plants were grown at 20 °C and stressed plants were moved into a klimabox with temperature of 5 °C throughout the entire day. Such temperature may occur after planting the plants into an outdoor habitat. Proline content in leaves of Capsicum annuum and relative discharge of electrolyte was studied in two - day intervals. From the obtained results it can be concluded that the accumulation of proline was the highest for Lydia variety in a stressed scenario with the application of Atonic and the lowest proline content was found in in the Amy variety in a control group. Furthermore, it was discovered that the ontogeny of plants has an effect on the accumulation of proline and relative discharge of electrolyte from the beginning of the measurement. The absolute highest electrolyte discharge was measured in the Lydia variety in a stressed scenario and the lowest one was present in the Amy variety in a control group. These results confirm the hypothesis.

Development is currently being driven towards products that are linked to sustainability. Products with a positive imprint in sustainability are becoming increasingly valuable to consumers, which in turn creates increased value for producers and suppliers. The current pricing tools do not have room to consider the value of the sustainable properties of new products. This is something that the wood industry is following and is now facing the challenge of estimating the value of sustainable production. The study aims to estimate a value for environmentally/climate-friendly products in the wood industry from a customer perspective. This has been done by performing a conjoint analysis using PAPRIKA (Potentially All Pairwise Rankings of all possible Alternatives), to determine the relative importance of 6 product properties. The results of the study show that price is the most important property of wooden floor decking. The mean weight of the 6 attributes included in the study is; price (25,0%), aging (21,9%), maintenance intervals (16,9%), climate impact (16,9%), dimensional stability (10,2%) and biocides (9,1%). The conclusion of the results is if the purpose is to cover the majority of consumers, several different products with different properties should be produced. The results also indicate that the weight for sustainability attributes can increase if the consumer becomes more informed and gains a broader knowledge of the meaning of the properties. / Utvecklingen drivs just nu mot produkter som anknyts till hållbarhet. Produkter med ett positivt avtryck inom hållbarhet blir allt mer värdefull för konsumenten vilket i sin tur skapar ett ökat värde för producenter och leverantörer. De nuvarande verktygen för prissättning har inte utrymme att överväga värdet för hållbara egenskaper hos nya produkter. Denna utveckling är en central del inom träindustrin, som nu står inför utmaningen att estimera värdet av en hållbar produktion. Studien syftar att estimera ett värde för miljö-/klimatvänliga produkter inom träindustrin från ett kundperspektiv. Detta har gjorts genom att utföra en conjointanalys med användandet av PAPRIKA (Potentially All Pairwise RanKings of all possible Alternatives), för att bestämma den relativa betydelsen för 6 produktegenskaper. Resultatet av studien visar att priset är den viktigaste egenskapen hos trallvirke. Medelvikten för de 6 egenskaperna som inkluderats i studien är; pris (25,0%), åldring (21,9%), underhållsintervall (16,9%), fossilt kolspår (16,9%), dimensionsstabilitet (10,2%) och biocider (9,1%). Slutsatsen av studiens resultat är om sortimentet för trallprodukter ska täcka majoriteten av konsumenterna, bör man ha flera olika produkter med olika egenskaper. Resultatet tyder också på att vikten för hållbarhetsattributen kan öka ifall konsumenten blir mer informerad och får en bredare kunskap om egenskapernas innebörd.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LEONARDO PROPRINO ALVES.pdf: 1022868 bytes, checksum: 7a3e4adc930c58a37d157a23ff49c41b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Objecting to evaluate the productive aspects of the culture of the Bell pepper, paprika type, submeitted to different levels of phosphorus and nitrogen, an experiment was carried out at Bahama Agroindustrial farm, located in the town of Parazinho-RN, where there is a kind of soil classified as Alfisol. The treatment consisted of 5 different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus: 0, 85, 100, 115, and 130% of the conventional proportion used at the farm, being the phosphorus different just in the sowing. The delineating experiment was conducted in blocks completely randomized with portions of three double rows with 1,5m between rows,0,30m between double rows and 0,25m among plants with the length of 25m, adding up to 48plants per row (on average), the used variety was the Ver one. In 64, 86, 126, 147 and 163 days after the sowing, two plants of medium size per portion for each time were picked off from the lateral rows, and for the production analysis, just the fruits picked off in the latest hearvest were considered as commercial fruits. Within the factors studied, it was observed that the dose of nitrogen applied through fertirrigation that stood out mostly among the treatments, not concerning the variable studied, was the standard one, with 295 kg.ha-1 used at the farm, it was also found that the phosphorus when applied in the sowing, the largest applied dose P4 (144 kg.ha-1), got the best results in the fruit dry matter, besides the total productivity, the N2P4 treatment, the farm s conventional dose of nitrogen (295 kg.ha-1 of N), combined with the highest dose of phosphorus (144 kg.ha-1 de P), obtained values of gross income, net income, rates of return, and index of profitability, representing that way, the best cost of benefit for the producer / Visando avaliar os aspectos produtivos da cultura do pimentão, tipo páprica, submetido a diferentes níveis de fósforo e nitrogênio, realizou-se um experimento na Fazenda Bahama Agroindustrial, situada no município de Parazinho-RN, que possui um solo classificado como luvissolo crômico. Os tratamento constaram de 5 diferentes doses de nitrogênio e fósforo: 0, 85, 100, 115 e 130% da dosagem convencional utilizada pela fazenda, sendo o fósforo diferenciado apenas em fundação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas compostas de três fileiras duplas de plantas espaçadas 1,5 mentre ruas, 0,30 m entre fileiras duplas e 0,25 m entre plantas com 25 m de comprimento, totalizando 48 plantas por fileira (em média), a variedade utilizada foi a Ver. Foram coletados aos 64, 86, 126, 147 e 163 dias após a semeadura (DAS), duas plantas de tamanho médio por parcela para cada época, retirada das fileiras laterais, sendo que para a análise de produção foram considerados como frutos comerciais apenas aqueles retirados na última coleta. Dentro dos fatores estudados observou-se que a dose de nitrogênio aplicado via fertirrigação que mais se destacou entre os tratamentos, independente da variável estudada, foi a padrão utilizada na fazenda de 295 kg.ha-1, notou-se também que o fósforo quando aplicado em fundação, a maior dose aplicada P4 (144 kg.ha-1) obteve os melhores rendimento em matéria seca de fruto, além de produtividade total, além disso, o tratamento N2P4, dose de nitrogênio convencional da fazenda (295 kg.ha-1 de N) combinado a maior dose de Fósforo (144 kg.ha-1 de P), obteve maiores valores de Renda Bruta, Renda Líquida, Taxa de Retorno e Índice de Lucratividade, representando assim o melhor custo benefício para o produtor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LEONARDO PROPRINO ALVES.pdf: 1022868 bytes, checksum: 7a3e4adc930c58a37d157a23ff49c41b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Objecting to evaluate the productive aspects of the culture of the Bell pepper, paprika type, submeitted to different levels of phosphorus and nitrogen, an experiment was carried out at Bahama Agroindustrial farm, located in the town of Parazinho-RN, where there is a kind of soil classified as Alfisol. The treatment consisted of 5 different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus: 0, 85, 100, 115, and 130% of the conventional proportion used at the farm, being the phosphorus different just in the sowing. The delineating experiment was conducted in blocks completely randomized with portions of three double rows with 1,5m between rows,0,30m between double rows and 0,25m among plants with the length of 25m, adding up to 48plants per row (on average), the used variety was the Ver one. In 64, 86, 126, 147 and 163 days after the sowing, two plants of medium size per portion for each time were picked off from the lateral rows, and for the production analysis, just the fruits picked off in the latest hearvest were considered as commercial fruits. Within the factors studied, it was observed that the dose of nitrogen applied through fertirrigation that stood out mostly among the treatments, not concerning the variable studied, was the standard one, with 295 kg.ha-1 used at the farm, it was also found that the phosphorus when applied in the sowing, the largest applied dose P4 (144 kg.ha-1), got the best results in the fruit dry matter, besides the total productivity, the N2P4 treatment, the farm s conventional dose of nitrogen (295 kg.ha-1 of N), combined with the highest dose of phosphorus (144 kg.ha-1 de P), obtained values of gross income, net income, rates of return, and index of profitability, representing that way, the best cost of benefit for the producer / Visando avaliar os aspectos produtivos da cultura do pimentão, tipo páprica, submetido a diferentes níveis de fósforo e nitrogênio, realizou-se um experimento na Fazenda Bahama Agroindustrial, situada no município de Parazinho-RN, que possui um solo classificado como luvissolo crômico. Os tratamento constaram de 5 diferentes doses de nitrogênio e fósforo: 0, 85, 100, 115 e 130% da dosagem convencional utilizada pela fazenda, sendo o fósforo diferenciado apenas em fundação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas compostas de três fileiras duplas de plantas espaçadas 1,5 mentre ruas, 0,30 m entre fileiras duplas e 0,25 m entre plantas com 25 m de comprimento, totalizando 48 plantas por fileira (em média), a variedade utilizada foi a Ver. Foram coletados aos 64, 86, 126, 147 e 163 dias após a semeadura (DAS), duas plantas de tamanho médio por parcela para cada época, retirada das fileiras laterais, sendo que para a análise de produção foram considerados como frutos comerciais apenas aqueles retirados na última coleta. Dentro dos fatores estudados observou-se que a dose de nitrogênio aplicado via fertirrigação que mais se destacou entre os tratamentos, independente da variável estudada, foi a padrão utilizada na fazenda de 295 kg.ha-1, notou-se também que o fósforo quando aplicado em fundação, a maior dose aplicada P4 (144 kg.ha-1) obteve os melhores rendimento em matéria seca de fruto, além de produtividade total, além disso, o tratamento N2P4, dose de nitrogênio convencional da fazenda (295 kg.ha-1 de N) combinado a maior dose de Fósforo (144 kg.ha-1 de P), obteve maiores valores de Renda Bruta, Renda Líquida, Taxa de Retorno e Índice de Lucratividade, representando assim o melhor custo benefício para o produtor

No description available.

The diploma thesis is focused on the determination of basic nutritional properties of 26 samples of ground pepper from different countries and evaluates, whether the chemical composition of ground pepper is affected by the geographical origin. The amount of 19 nutritional properties were determined by advanced analytical methodes (ICP-OES, HPLC DAD, HPLC ELSD) together with other laboratory techniques. Final results were statistically processed by the methods of analysis of variance (ANOVA), cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). Statistical evaluation confirmed, that the chemical composition is affected by the geographical origin. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined 14 parameters to statistically differ (p