The purpose of this study was to analyze specific biomechanical and physiological variables in disabled swimmers performing a functional backcrawl. The effect of selectively placed flotation devices on the body position, exercise heart rate, and perceived exertion of the swimmer was compared to swimming with no flotation. The participants in the study included eight able-bodied males 21.5 (+2.51) yrs. and four disabled males 29.25 (+2.22) yrs. Each subject performed the backcrawl for 3 consecutive lengths of a 25 meter pool under four separate trial conditions: free swimming, swimming with the hip flotation device, the knee flotation device, and the ankle flotation device. Immediately following each trial a post-exercise heart rate was taken and the subject was asked to rate perceived exertion. Full recovery was allowed after each trial. Trials were video taped and digitized to determine the mean angles at the neck, trunk, hip, and knee during one complete stroke cycle. The investigator recognizes that this generalization presents the possibility for a bias in the data and that further study would warrant the utilization of the different phases of the stroke for determination of body angles. The results of the study demonstrated that a significant difference did exist between the disabled and able-bodied hip angle during free swimming. Within the disabled group, no significant differences were evident when comparing the body angles during free swimming to the same angles while swimming with each of the flotation devices. Correlations between heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion for all subjects (n=12) were significant in each of the four trial conditions. / School of Physical Education

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-100).

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 79 p. Includes abstract.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Joseph Torgesen, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 26, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Temple University, 2002. / Accompanied by: Service & inclusion: an introduction to the website (VHS) and Service & inclusion: a multimedia resource for inclusive community service (CD-ROM). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-52).

Not available / text

Section A explores the insights offered by the qualitative literature to our understanding of staff responses to challenging behaviour within services for people with intellectual disabilities. The trustworthiness of the literature is examined. The studies are reviewed using the cognitive-emotional model as a guide and allowing for other themes to emerge. The review concludes with a discussion of the implications for future research and clinical practice. Section B reports on a pilot study investigating staff reactions to challenging behaviour within services for people with intellectual disabilities. This study sought to explore the development of staff cognitive, emotional and behavioural responses to challenging behaviour over the course of challenging interactions. Video elicitation interviews were conducted with six staff members responding to the challenging behaviour of two service users. Interview data were subject to content analysis and an attributional analysis in order to assess their cognitive and emotional responses as they were at the time. In addition, staff behaviour was subject to descriptive and sequential analyses to explore their relationship with cognitive-emotional variables. Results indicated that staff experienced a wide range of cognitions and emotions during challenging interactions. Cognitions varied over the course of an incident. A tentative relationship was found between internal attributions of challenging behaviour, negative emotions and verbal responses by staff. Staff members spontaneously made causal attributions of service user behaviour during challenging interactions. Rather than being a stable attribute of the staff member, attributions seem to vary to a degree across the course of an interaction. This has implications for both research and clinical practice.

This research explored the attitudes of McGill University undergraduate students toward people with physical disabilities. First and third year students in six different faculties were further subdivided into a Human Service discipline which included Education, Social Work, and Nursing students, and a non Human Service discipline which included Management, Engineering, and Agriculture students. The effects of gender, having had previous contact with persons with a disability, and having had a course on the topic of disability on attitudes toward people with disabilities were also examined. One hundred and forty-four women and 79 men served as the subjects for this study. Subjects completed the Attitude Toward Disabled Persons Scale (ATDP) Form B, and descriptive information giving the variables under investigation (gender, faculty, etc.). The analysis of the data collected showed that there was a significant positive difference in attitudes among students following a Human Service discipline than students following a non Human Service discipline. There was a significant interaction effect between faculty and year of study with Agriculture, Engineering, and Nursing student scores increasing in their third year, and Management, Education, and Social Work student scores decreasing in their third year. No significant differences on attitudes toward people who are physically disabled were found according to faculty enrolled in, year of study, gender, previous contact with persons with disabilities, or previous course on the topic of disability.

<p> <p>&nbsp / </p> </p> <p align="left">People with disabilities are a minority group who has suffered disadvantage especially in the workplace. They currently enjoy Constitutional and legislative protection in a democratic South Africa.</p>