Alors que l'objet de l'information légale a été élargi à plusieurs reprises, le consommateur n'est pas à même d'élaborer une décision en connaissance de cause lors de la conclusion d'un contrat en ligne. Les nouvelles pratiques induites par le numérique sont à l'origine d'un désordre informationnel inédit. De nombreuses sources produisent de multiples informations. Il est ainsi difficile de distinguer le contenu informationnel des autres éléments. L'information authentique, voire pertinente, n'est par ailleurs pas facile à repérer. Face à de telles transformations, il est nécessaire de s'interroger sur l'effectivité de l'obligation d'information et sur la cohérence du régime en vigueur. L'hypothèse d'une adaptation de l'obligation d'information nécessite un rapprochement entre les principes légaux et les conséquences engendrées par la profusion d'informations en ligne. L'évolution rapide des pratiques en ligne et le déséquilibre structurel existant entre le professionnel et le consommateur, permettent de relever un certain nombre de décalages rendant nécessaire de réviser les fondements de l'obligation d'information. Tenant compte du pouvoir renforcé du professionnel et de la collecte massive des données personnelles, il s'avère que la politique d'information doit être pensée dans une nouvelle perspective. Une nouvelle fonction de l'obligation d'information se dessine alors, qui appelle à repenser son régime et sa mise en œuvre. Le régime renouvelé de l'obligation d'information repose sur une extension de l’obligation et sur une participation effective du consommateur à sa propre information. Sa mise en œuvre se traduit par une obligation d'information permanente et une information affinée. / With the current significant expansion in the concept of legal information, consumers may face some major difficulties when deciding to explore the online market. Numerous sources can provide multiple information, and buyers must conform to some chaotic practices that making it difficult to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant content. However, a well informed online consumer must rely on an authentic source with a relevant content. Therefore, it is clear that regulations related to the obligation for providing information to the consumer need to be examined closely. The recent evolution of the online market and the structural imbalance between the professional and the consumer revealed a number of significant discrepancies highlighting the need to revise the bases for consumer’s information obligation. At present, such a new concept of online information is emerging, with an extended “obligation to inform” and a permanent engagement with a reactive consumer.

in English This thesis deals with the right to personal data protection as enshrined in Article 8 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (the Charter) and its relationship with Article 7 Charter, the right to respect for private and family life. Since both of the rights have immediate relevance for EU data protection, their coexistence in the Charter necessitates an explanation as to their relationship, interaction and the merit of adding an independent right to personal data protection. However, such explanation is difficult to trace. International human rights instruments have traditionally safeguarded the protection of personal data by the right to privacy. The common constitutional traditions of the Member States differ significantly in the enactment of data protection and the EU legislation in force is likewise treating data protection as a privacy subset. The thesis firstly attempts to assess whether the right to personal data protection is capable of autonomous standing, detached from the privacy right and secondly, whether the CJEU allows the right to personal data protection to stand as an autonomous right in reality. To deal with the first research task, the paper analyses the doctrinal sources discussing the personal data-privacy concepts and seeks to identify the value of Article's 8...

The significance of personal data protection in the Czech Republic and in other developed countries has been continually increasing. A bank's security system breakdown can cause not only a misuse of the client's personal data but also a financial loss that harms the client and the bank reputation as well. The aim of the thesis is an analysis of the direct banking security and protection means of sensitive data of prime banks on the Czech market. First chapter characterises the consumer protection issues in regard of banking. The second part of the thesis concentrates on the area of direct banking, its forms, possible threats and the particular security tools used by local banks. Last section consists of an analysis of the survey among the banks and their clients.

The goal of this doctoral thesis is to analyse some legal, technical and economic aspects, related to the development of e-Government in the Czech Republic and to draw some general prerequisites for a successful development of e-Government services. The work contains a review of the legislation, which has a direct or indirect impact on the development of e-Government. It concerns mainly the digital signature legislation, public administration information systems, general regulations on administrative procedures and some special regulations. In this thesis there are analysed in detail currently implemented e-Government projects, especially the public administration contact points, the data inboxes, the authorized documents' conversion and the basic registers of public administration. Special attention is also devoted to the questions of personal data security in information systems. Possible effects of e-Government are evaluated with regard to recipients of public administration, particularly to citizens and legal persons. Measurable indicators (metrics) are proposed to measure the progress of individual e-Government projects, along with the procedure of their calculation. This thesis concludes that for reliable measurement of efficiency, it is necessary to identify some quantifiable indicators on the cost side as well as and on the benefits side. These indicators should be oriented to the cost aspect as well as to the specific objectives of public administration. As for the methodology, in the thesis there are used the usual methods of research in the field of legal science. Concretely used methods are the process analysis, cost analysis and metrics analysis, whose methodology is based primarily on the economics, management and information management. Furthermore, the case studies have been used to fulfil the objectives of the thesis and to verify the thesis' hypotheses.

The master thesis named "Marketing application of personal data of clients in banking" combines themes of personal data and marketing. The first part is devoted to the protection of personal data in general, sources from which financial institution gain data of their clients and support for this in the legislation. The second part deals with specific cases of marketing application of personal data and trying to find the solution of its problematic parts. A large part is devoted to the personal data processing as an core act between processors and data subjects and CRM, as a possible way of client data application.

Aplicativos móveis de celulares que coletam dados pessoais estão cada vez mais presentes na rotina do cidadão comum. Associado a estas aplicações, há polêmicas sobre riscos de segurança e de invasão de privacidade, que podem se tornar entraves para aceitação destes sistemas por parte dos usuários. Por outro lado, discute-se o Paradoxo da Privacidade, em que os consumidores revelam mais informações pessoais voluntariamente, apesar de declarar que reconhecem os riscos. Há pouco consenso, nas pesquisas acadêmicas, sobre os motivos deste paradoxo ou mesmo se este fenômeno realmente existe. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como a coleta de informações sensíveis influencia a escolha de aplicativos móveis. A metodologia é o estudo de aplicativos disponíveis em lojas virtuais para celulares através de técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas. Os resultados indicam que os produtos mais populares da loja são aqueles que coletam mais dados pessoais. Porém, em uma análise minuciosa, observa-se que aqueles mais buscados também pertencem a empresas de boa reputação e possuem mais funcionalidades, que exigem maior acesso aos dados privativos do celular. Na survey realizada em seguida, nota-se que os consumidores reduzem o uso dos aplicativos quando consideram que o produto coleta dados excessivamente, mas a estratégia para proteger essas informações pode variar. No grupo dos usuários que usam aplicativos que coletam dados excessivamente, conclui-se que o motivo primordial para compartilhar informações pessoais são as funcionalidades. Além disso, esta pesquisa confirma que comparar os dados solicitados pelos aplicativos com a expectativa inicial do consumidor é um constructo complementar para avaliar preocupações com privacidade, ao invés de simplesmente analisar a quantidade de informações coletadas. O processo desta pesquisa também ilustrou que, dependendo do método utilizado para análise, é possível chegar a resultados opostos sobre a ocorrência ou não do paradoxo. Isso pode dar indícios sobre os motivos da falta de consenso sobre o assunto / Mobile phone applications with personal data gathering features are ubiquitous nowadays. On one hand, there are constant debates about privacy and security issues regarding such systems that inhibit user adoption. On the other hand, there are discussions about the tendency of consumers to disclose more personal information than their initial intentions. This phenomenon is also known as the Privacy Paradox. There is no agreement among researchers regarding the occurrence and the causes of this phenomenon. The aim of this research is to analyze how sensitive data collection can inhibit end user\'s application choices. It investigates products available to smartphone virtual stores with qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Data analysis indicates that top ranked products at the application store request the largest amount of sensitive data. However, this data disclosure is probably due to the fact that top ranked products belong to top rated developers and are feature-rich. The survey indicates that consumers reduce usage behavior in order to protect personal data but different protecting strategies are adopted. Users disclose their information probably because they value functionalities more than the data requested by the applications. This research also observed that user\'s expectation of the type of information that a particular application should collect is an alternative construct of measuring privacy concern, instead of examining only the permissions requested. This research process can also illustrate that the conclusions regarding the occurrence of the Privacy Paradox changes when a different analysis method is applied. Consequently, it can help to explain the lack of agreement in this research area

The aim of this thesis is to examine what kind of archival issues have been discussed in the legislation process that lead to the Swedish national Data Protection Act and the associated regulation with additional terms, if achange in focus occurred during this process and examine how these results show about how legislative actorsview personal privacy. To answer that aim a critical discourse analysis of the legislative documents from theGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) leading up to the complete legislative acts was used in combinationwith Pekka Henttonens theory about how the nature of privacy issues has changed in a more digitalized environment. A result of the analysis is that the themes of the archival issues that is being discussed in the legislative processis mostly related to general rules, sensitive information, safe guards, further processing, archival materialthat has been submitted to an archive authority, and certain exceptions from some of the rights of the data subject.These themes are being discussed both in relation to those kinds of archives that is governed by archivallegislation and those kinds of archives that are not governed by archival legislation. Another result of the study isthat even though several attempts to affect the legislative process is made by respondents very few changes isactually made after the inquiry report is completed. The last result of the study is that the legislative actors havenot fully changed their view on privacy, even though some aspects of it has changed.This is a two years master’s thesis in Archival Science.

In a world of the Internet of Things, smart home has shown a great potency and trend. A smart home is a convenient home setup where appliances and devices can be automatically controlled remotely from any internet-connected place in the world using a mobile or other networked device. Smart home has changed the way the residents interacted with their home and realised more convenience. Although this technology also has positive impact on saving energy and resources, privacy issues in it have shown to one of the biggest obstacles to the adaption of this technology. The purpose of this thesis is to study smart home users’ perceptions of smart homes and their privacy awareness and concerns. The research was conducted through interviews and followed an interpretive research paradigm and a qualitative research approach. In this study, 5 smart home owners were interviewed to investigate their reasons for purchasing IoT devices, their perceptions of smart home privacy risks, and actions to protect their privacy, as well as managing IoT devices and/or its data. The research results show that there are privacy risks existing in smart homes. Consumers’ privacy data is collected secretly, which needs to be controlled, and privacy issues have to be addressed in the near future for the smart home to be fully adopted by the society.

This master thesis aims mainly on behaviour of primary-school children in the environment of the internet and on motivation which can lead to dangerous behaviour such as providing personal data. The theoretical part defines basic terms. Firstly, it focuses on psychological profile of primary-school children and on their experience with new technologies, then it describes major types of danger as results of hazardous behaviour of children on the internet focusing on cyberbullying and cybergrooming. The end of the theoretical part presents a number of basic researches related to primary-school children behaviour on the internet, which took place in the Czech Republic during last several years. The empirical part aims on qualitative research using the method called focus groups among primary-school children. Firstly, the research purpose and the methodology are described, followed by the most important part of the thesis - presentation of the results of the research and its evaluation, which involves also recommendation for education in this field and other potential researches. The conclusion of the thesis focuses mainly on the evaluation of the research and the work as a whole from the writer's point of view and on propounding of possible further development in this area. Keywords Children,...

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur ambulanspersonal upplever sin utsatthet för brott vid utryckning. Den undersökningsmetod som användes var halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Huvudresultat i studien var att de som intervjuades uppgav att de blivit utsatta för brott i form av hot om våld samt fysiskt våld, men att de inte upplever eller pratar om sig själva som offer, men de uppfyller delvis kraven för att kunna ses som ett idealiskt offer samt att de normaliserar sin utsatthet. Ett annat resultat visar att ambulanspersonalen anser att personuppgiftslagen hämmar dem i deras arbete när det kommer till säkerhet. Under intervjuerna framkom det att personuppgiftslagen påverkar deras känsla av trygghet på ett negativt sätt då de inte har all viktig information om personen de åker till. Det framkommer också att ambulanspersonalen värdesätter samarbetet med polis och att de behöver mer resurser. Studiens viktigaste slutsats är att ambulanspersonalen blir utsatta för hot och våld och att det är ett problem, men att de normaliserar sina upplevelser och inte pratar om sig som offer. / The purpose of the study was to investigate how paramedics experience their exposure to crimes during work, but also their thoughts about victim. The method of investigation used was semi structured interviews. The main result of the study was that the paramedics was subjected to crimes in forms of threats of violence and physical harm, but they do not see themselves as victims and they also normalize their vulnerability. Another result is that the personal data act prevents the paramedics in their work regarding their safety. During the interviews, it emerged that it effects their sense of security in a negative way since they do not have all the information about the person that they are about to assist. They also value the cooperation that they have with the police. The main findings of the study were that paramedics gets exposed to threats and violence and that this is a problem, although they normalize their experience and do not talk about themselves in terms of victims.