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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Development of MR Thermometry Strategies for Hyperthermia of Extremity and Breast Tumors

Wyatt, Cory Robert January 2010 (has links)
<p>Numerous studies have shown that the combination of radiation therapy and hyperthermia, when delivered at moderate temperatures (40°-45°C) for sustained times (30-90 minutes), can help to provide palliative relief and augment tumor response, local control, and survival. However, the dependence of treatment success on achieved temperature highlights the need for accurate thermal dosimetry, so that the prescribed thermal dose can be delivered to the tumor. This can be achieved noninvasively with MR thermometry. However, there are many challenges to performing MR thermometry in the breast, where hyperthermia of locally advanced breast cancer can provide a benefit. These include magnetic field system drift, fatty tissue, and breathing motion.</p> <p>The purpose of this research was to develop a system for the hyperthermia treatment of LABC while performing MR thermometry. A hardware system was developed for performing the hyperthermia treatment within the MR bore. Methods were developed to correct for magnetic field system drift and to correct for breath hold artifacts in MR thermometry of the tumor using measurement of field changes in fat references. Lastly, techniques were developed for measuring temperature in the fatty tissue using multi-echo fat water separation methods, reducing the error of performing MR thermometry in such tissues. All of these methods were characterized with phantom and in vivo experiments in a 1.5T MR system. </p> <p>The results of this research can provide the means for successful hyperthermia treatment of LABC with MR thermometry. With this thermometry, accurate thermal doses can be obtained, potentially providing improved outcomes. However, these results are not only applicable in the breast, but can also be used for improved MR thermometry in other areas of the body, such as the extremities or abdomen.</p> / Dissertation
62

Τεχνικές μέτρησης χρόνων μαγνητικής αποκατάστασης (Τ1, Τ2, Τ2*) με χρήση ομοιωμάτων προσομοίωσης ανθρωπίνων ιστών

Βενέτη, Σοφία 01 July 2014 (has links)
Η κλασική Απεικόνιση του Μαγνητικού Συντονισμού (ΑΜΣ) βασίζεται στο φαινόμενο του πυρηνικού μαγνητικού συντονισμού όπου η κάθε λέξη ξεχωριστά μας βοηθάει να κατανοήσουμε ποια είναι η προέλευση αυτού του φαινομένου. Συγκεκριμένα, το μετρούμενο σήμα προέρχεται από τους πυρήνες των ατόμων της ύλης, η αλληλεπίδραση μεταξύ των οποίων είναι μαγνητική και το τελικό σήμα εκφρασμένο σε μορφή φασμάτων ή εικόνων λαμβάνεται χρησιμοποιώντας το φαινόμενο του πυρηνικού μαγνητικού συντονισμού. Στην κατηγορία της ποσοτικής ΑΜΣ (πΑΜΣ), όμως, μετράμε άμεσα τις ποσοτικές παραμέτρους από τις οποίες εξαρτώνται τα τελικά σήματα όπως χρόνους μαγνητικής αποκατάστασης, μοριακή διάχυση, pH, μικρο-ιξώδες κτλ. Η ρύθμιση και η βαθμονόμηση των παραμέτρων του τελικού μετρητικού συστήματος (σύστημα ΑΜΣ) παίζουν βασικό ρόλο στα τελικά αποτελέσματα των μετρήσεών μας. Για το λόγο αυτό είναι απαραίτητη η χρήση ειδικών ομοιωμάτων για τη βαθμονόμηση του μετρητικού συστήματος καθώς και για την αξιολόγηση και βελτιστοποίηση των μετρητικών μεθόδων. Τα ομοιώματα ελέγχου θα πρέπει να έχουν κάποια συγκεκριμένα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά, για να προσομοιάζουν όσο το δυνατόν καλύτερα τις μαγνητικά μετρούμενες παραμέτρους σε σχέση πάντα με εκείνες των ανθρωπίνων ιστών. Τέτοιες παράμετροι είναι κυρίως οι χρόνοι μαγνητικής αποκατάστασης (Τ1, Τ2, Τ2*) και η μοριακή διάχυση. Στα υλικά των ομοιωμάτων θα πρέπει να υπάρχει επιπλέον η δυνατότητα ανεξάρτητου ελέγχου των χρόνων μαγνητικής αποκατάστασης Τ1 και Τ2. Επίσης, θα πρέπει τα υλικά αυτά να έχουν φυσική και χημική σταθερότητα στο χρόνο και τέλος να παρασκευάζονται εύκολα και να είναι οικονομικά. Στην παρούσα εργασία παρασκευάστηκαν ειδικά ομοιώματα ενός πολυσακχαρίτη, της αγαρόζης, με πρόσμιξη μιας παραμαγνητικής ουσίας, του γαδολινίου (Gd-DTPA), σε 20 διαφορετικούς συνδυασμούς συγκεντρώσεων μεταξύ τους. Με βάση αυτά τα ομοιώματα μετρήσαμε τους χρόνους μαγνητικής αποκατάστασης Τ1, Τ2, Τ2* για οκτώ επαναλήψεις σε διάστημα τεσσάρων μηνών. Διαπιστώσαμε ότι η πιο αποτελεσματική ακολουθία για τη μέτρηση της Τ2 είναι σε μια ακολουθία πολλαπλών συμμετρικά επαναλαμβανόμενων Spin Echo (32 echo) με αρχική τιμή ΤΕ = 20ms. Με την χρήση της ακολουθίας αυτής καλύπτεται το μεγαλύτερο φάσμα μετρήσεων τιμών Τ2 για τους μαλακούς βιολογικούς ιστούς και επίσης τηρείται το 6 επιτρεπτό όριο του συντελεστή μεταβλητότητας για αυτόν τον τύπο των μετρήσεων (CV=±5%). Για τη μέτρηση της Τ1 εφαρμόσαμε δύο μεθόδους (Variable Flip Angle-VFA, Variable Time Inversion-VTI). Η πιο αποτελεσματική μέθοδος αποδείχθηκε η VTI. Η VFA υστερούσε στις μετρήσεις λόγω της αδυναμίας προσαρμογής των δεδομένων στην μαθηματική συνάρτηση περιγραφής των σημάτων λήψης Y(FA) = f (FA). Επιπλέον, διαπιστώσαμε ότι το παραμαγνητικό ιόν του γαδολινίου επηρεάζει την μέτρηση της Τ1 ανεξάρτητα από το μοριακό τύπο ή το είδος της χειλικής χημικής ένωσης στην οποία ανήκει. Τέλος, διαπιστώσαμε ότι σε όλες τις μετρήσεις η μεγαλύτερη ανομοιογένεια του τοπικού μαγνητικού πεδίου παρουσιάζεται στα πυκνά διαλύματα σε αγαρόζη και γαδολίνιο κυρίως λόγω της παραμαγνητικής ιδιότητας του γαδολινίου, η οποία επηρεάζει το τοπικό μαγνητικό πεδίο της μέτρησης. Μεγάλο συντελεστή μεταβλητότητας στις μετρήσεις της ανομοιογένειας του τοπικού μαγνητικού πεδίου παρουσιάζουν τα αραιά κολλοειδή διαλύματα και το νερό, διότι επηρεάζονται ευκολότερα από τις εξωτερικές επιδράσεις της μέτρησης (π.χ. θερμοκρασία) εξαιτίας της ασθενούς σύνδεσης μεταξύ των μορίων του υλικού τους. / The typical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is based in the phenomenon of the nuclear magnetic resonance where each individual word, helps us understand its origin. Specifically, the measured signal is generated by the nucleus of the matter's atoms. The interaction of the latter is magnetic and the final signal is detected in the form of spectrum or images through the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance. Nevertheless, in the field of quantitative MRI, we can measure quantitative parameters like magnetic relaxation time, molecular diffusion, micro-viscosity etc., on which the final signals depend. The adjustment and calibration of the parameters of the final metering systems (system MRI) are crucial for the final results. Therefore, it is essential to use special phantoms for the calibration of the metering system as well as for the valuation and optimization of the metering processes. The control phantoms need to have specific characteristics in order to simulate as much as possible the magnetically measured parameters with respect to the ones of the human tissues. Such parameters are mainly the magnetic relaxation times (T1, T2, T2*) and the molecular diffusion. The phantoms should also provide the option of individual testing of the magnetic relaxation times T1 and T2. Moreover, these materials should have the same physical and chemical stability in time and their production needs to be financially effective. In this paper, special agarose phantoms were produced, by mixing gadolinium, a paramagnetic substance, in 20 different concentrations. Based on these phantoms we measured 8 times the magnetic relaxation times Τ1, Τ2, Τ2* within a period of 4 months. We noted that the most effective sequence for measuring T2 is by symmetrically spin echo sequence with the initial time having the value of 20ms. Using this method, the widest range of T2 values is covered with regards to soft tissues. Additionally, the variation coefficient permissible figures for such measurements is respected (CV=±5%). In order to measure T1 we used two methods, Variable Flip Angle-VFA, Variable Time Inversion-VTI. The most effective one, was proven to be the VTI one. VFA method was presenting delays in the measurements due to the inability to adjust the data in the function of signal reception description Y(FA) = f (FA). Moreover, we discovered that the paramagnetic ion of gadolinium is affecting the measurement of T1 regardless the molecular type or the type of chemical ligand that this belongs to. Finally, we noted that throughout the experiments, the highest inhomogeneity of the local magnetic field is found in the dense solutions of agarose and gadolinium mainly due to the paramagnetic properties of gadolinium which affects the local magnetic field of the measurement. High variability factor of inhomogeneity of the local magnetic field demonstrated the dilute gels and water because of the poor connection between the molecules of their material.
63

Desenvolvimento de phantoms para tomografia com feixe de prótons

Milhoretto, Edney 13 April 2012 (has links)
CNPq / Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos phantoms para dois protótipos de tomografia com feixe de prótons (pCT). Um phantom foi desenvolvido para um protótipo de um mini tomógrafo utilizando um feixe de prótons de baixa energia, que está sendo desenvolvido na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR). O protótipo encontra-se em fase de teste no cíclotron CV-28 do Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN). Dois outros phantoms foram desenvolvidos para um protótipo de pCT no Centro Médico da Universidade de Loma Linda – CA, EUA (LLUMC). Os código GEANT4 e SRIM foram utilizados para simular todos os elementos que compõe os protótipos. Também foram feitos aprimoramentos no protótipo da UTFPR/IEN, entre eles um sistema de controle eletrônico do mecanismo, operado por um programa através de um computador, alteração no sistema de colimação para melhorar a resolução e a reconstrução de imagens obtidas por simulações. Foram realizados testes experimentais de perda de energia de prótons em polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) no CV-28. Também foi feito experimentos de perda de energia de prótons em camadas de Poliestireno no LLUMC e comparação com dados simulados. Esses dois phantoms em PEAD foram construídos e testados no protótipo do LLUMC e um programa foi desenvolvido para a análise dos dados. / In this work phantoms were developed for two tomographic systems with proton beam (pCT). A phantom was developed for a mini scanner using a low energy proton beam, which is being developed at the Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR) and tested at the CV-28 cyclotron at the Institute of Nuclear Engineering (IEN). Two additional phantoms were developed for the pCT prototype at Loma Linda University Medical Center – CA, USA (LLUMC). SRIM and Geant4 codes were used to simulate all the elements of the prototypes. Improvements were made in the UTFPR/IEN prototype such as electronic control system of mechanism, controlled by a computer program, upgrade in the collimation system to improve the resolution of reconstructed images obtained by simulations. Experimental energy loss tests were done with polyethylene protons of high density (PEAD) in CV-28. Experiments of energy loss in layers of polystyrene at the LLUMC were also done and compared with simulated data. Both phantoms were constructed and tested in the prototype of LLUMC and a program was developed for data analysis.
64

Reconstrucao de objetos simuladores segmentados aplicaveis a dosimetria de pele / Reconstruction of voxel phantoms for skin dosimetry

ANTUNES, PAULA C.G. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
65

Avaliacao dos espectros primarios e secundarios da radiacao X em objetos simuladores para energias utilizadas em diagnostico medico

PEREIRA, MARCO A.G. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
66

Analise de sistemas multifasicos utilizando tomografia computadorizada gama monoenergetica e polienergetica / Monoenergetic and polyenergetic gamma ray computer tomography for multiphase systems analysis

SALVADOR, PABLO A.V. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
67

Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia computacional para calculos em dosimetria interna

YORIYAZ, HELIO 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06878.pdf: 8623929 bytes, checksum: 9403b721e2a38e59f0a65c626040f7f0 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
68

Implantação de um programa de controle de qualidade para sistemas de planejamento de tratamento computadorizados de acordo com o TRS 430

CAMARGO, PRISCILLA R.T.L. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
69

Comparação dos efeitos da terapia laser de baixa intensidade (lambda=660 nm ou lambda=780 nm) no tratamento de mucosite oral induzida por radiação ionizante em ratos / Comparisson of the low level laser therapy effects (lambda=660 nm ou lambda=780 nm)in the threatment of ionizing radiation induced oral mucosits in rats

ANDRADE, MAIRA F. de 10 November 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-11-10T11:35:55Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:35:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
70

Padronização de técnicas de isolamento de células de Langerhans imaturas e desenvolvimento de um modelo tridimensional de pele humana para testes de sensibilidade in vitro / Standardization of techniques for isolation of immature Langerhans cells and development of a tree-dimensional human skin model for in vitro

LUCO, DAYANE P. 19 December 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-12-19T17:52:28Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-19T17:52:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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