Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2018-04-13T14:51:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Carola_Gutfreund2017.pdf: 2632451 bytes, checksum: 73a0a3864936cf1f3347866fcda5f49f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-13T14:51:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Carola_Gutfreund2017.pdf: 2632451 bytes, checksum: 73a0a3864936cf1f3347866fcda5f49f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-18 / Large hydroelectric dams along the Paraná River have caused severe impacts on fish communities as they represent obstacles to long-range migratory species that need to migrate to complete their life cycle. Dams can bring numerous problems through the interception of migratory routes and reduction of spawning areas. The most common measures used to mitigate the effect of these physical obstacles is the implementation of fish ladders. It is not only important to implement these structures, but also to monitor them. This study was performed at the Engenheiro Sergio Motta Hydroelectric Power plant in the Upper Paraná River during December/2012 and March/2016. The aim of it was to evaluate the effectiveness of this structure in relation to the attractiveness rate and passage efficiency of to two Neotropical fish species in the fish ladder. In total, 563 fish of genus Leporinus (447 Leporinus obtusidens and 116 Leoporinus piavussu) were tagged and released with the implementation of 32-mm programmable transponders (PIT-tags). Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was used to monitor the system. The attractiveness of the ladder was 8.7%. The minimum time to find it was 1.49 days for the fish released upstream and the maximum time was 449.86 days for the individuals released downstream. The release site had a significant influence on the entry rate of fish released on the other side of the river. No detection was observed for fish released downstream and upstream on the right bank of the river. Only the fish released on the same site where the fish ladder is located were detected, suggesting low attractiveness of the ladder in relation to the studied species. In the course of this study it was verified that for the two species studied it would be extremely important to increase the attractiveness at the entrance of the ladder, as well as to build a second ladder for fish on the right side of the river. / As grandes hidrelétricas ao longo do Rio Paraná têm causado impactos severos nas comunidades de peixes, pois representam obstáculos para as espécies migradoras de longa distância, que precisam migrar para completar seu ciclo de vida. As barragens podem trazer inúmeros problemas por meio da intercepção das rotas migratórias e redução das áreas de desova. As medidas mais comuns utilizadas para mitigar o efeito desses obstáculos físicos é a implementação de escadas para peixes. Não é somente importante a implementação dessas estruturas, como também o monitoramento. Esse estudo realizado na escada para peixes da Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sérgio Motta no alto Rio Paraná no período de dezembro/2012 a março/2016 teve como objetivo avaliar a efetividade dessa estrutura em relação a taxa de atratividade e eficiência de passagem para duas espécies de peixes migradores neotropicais. No total, foram marcados e liberados 563 peixes do gênero Leporinus (447 Leporinus obtusidens e 116 Leoporinus piavussu) com a implantação de transponders com códigos programáveis (PIT-tags) de 32 mm. Foi utilizado o sistema de rádio frequência (RFID Radio Frequency Identification) para o monitoramento do sistema. A atratividade da escada foi de 8,7%. O tempo mínimo para encontrar a escada correspondeu a 1,49 dias para os peixes liberados a montante e o tempo máximo foi de 449,86 dias para os indivíduos liberados a jusante. O local de liberação influenciou significativamente a taxa de entrada dos peixes liberados na margem oposta do rio, sendo que nenhuma detecção foi observada para peixes liberados na margem direita, tanto a jusante como a montante. Foram detectados apenas os peixes liberados na mesma margem onde a escada para peixes está localizada, sugerindo baixa atratividade da escada para as espécies analisadas. No decorrer deste estudo verificou-se que para as duas espécies estudadas seria extremamente importante aumentar a atratividade na entrada da escada, como também a construção de uma segunda escada para peixes no lado direito do rio.

La nécessité de maximiser la récupération d'une ou plusieurs espèces utiles d'un gisement du cuivre, l´optimisation des consommations d'additifs dans le processus de traitement métallurgique, savoir où laisser les matériaux qui dans le futur pourraient être valorisés par une série de nouvelles opérations etc., conduit à adapter la planification minière aux caractéristiques géologiques et métallurgiques du gisement.Les unités géo-métallurgiques sont déterminées par une combinaison des principaux paramètres géologiques, type de roche, altération, minéralisation, etc. Chaque unité présente un comportement différent au processus de traitement métallurgiques avec des caractéristiques de récupération et de consommation d'acide bien spécifiques.D´une façon générale, on peut définir la planification de la mine comme un outil permettant de faire la liaison entre la géologie et la métallurgie, non seulement selon des paramètres économiques et de teneurs, mais aussi selon des paramètres géologiques et métallurgiques.Pour pouvoir construire le modèle géo-métallurgique ou géo-minier métallurgique (G.M.M) ainsi que mettre en oeuvre la catégorisation des ressources, nous avons utilisé des outils géostatistiquesLe fait de disposer d´un modèle G.M.M est d'une grande aide pour la définition de la fosse finale et la planification à long terme, soit simplement comme une première approche de la réponse du gisement au processus de traitement métallurgique, mais surtout pour optimiser les coûts et définir différentes alternatives pour maximiser la récupération du métal.Cette étude a été appliquée au cas du gisement stratiforme de Cu et Ag de Mantos de la Luna situé dans le Nord du Chili. Il comporte en particulier une comparaison entre l'approche traditionnelle et l'approche qui intègre le concept du modèle G.M.M. qui porte principalement sur les teneurs de coupure. Le concept G.M.M. peut donc influencer les décisions stratégiques comme les décisions opérationnelles. / The present research work concerns the general field of mining project set-up and is aimed at developing a new approach in long term mine planning. The main objective of this work is to incorporate the geo-metallurgical concept to mine planning which is traditionally based only on economic criteria.The need to maximize the recovery of one or more useful elements of a copper deposit, the optimization of reagents consumption in the metallurgical process, to know where to leave the materials which may be valorise in the future by a series of new operations, etc.. lead to fit mine planning and metallurgical geological features of the deposit. The geo-metallurgical units are determined by a combination of the main geological parameters, rock type, weathering, mineralization, etc... Each unit has a different behaviour in metallurgical process with specific values of recovery and acid consumption.The set-up of the geo-metallurgical mining model (GMM) and the resources categorization were made using geostatistical tools.Having a GMM model is a great help for the definition of the ultimate pit and long-term planning, as well as in a first approach of the response of the deposit to metallurgical process, but also to optimize costs and establish alternatives to maximize metal recovery.This work is based on the practical case of the Mantos de la Luna stratabound Cu and Ag deposit located in northern Chile. It proposes a methodology for resources classification of this type of deposit and includes a comparison between the traditional approach and the approach that integrates the concept of the GMM model.

A ce jour, un certain nombre d'adénomes hypophysaires somatotropes échappent encore au contrôle de la maladie. Il reste nécessaire d'étudier plus finement les différentes voies de contrôle de la sécrétion hormonale et de la prolifération tumorale afin d'identifier des traitements alternatifs susceptibles de contrôler ces symptômes tumoraux. De même, un certain nombre de patients porteurs de prolactinomes (environ 10%), à l'origine de dysfonctionnement gonadique et sexuels, échappent au contrôle de l'hypersécrétion de prolactine par les traitements actuels. Pour ces deux types de tumeurs, s'ajoutent des complications neurologiques consécutives à l'accroissement des volumes tumoraux. Dans une perspective de contrôle de l'hypersécrétion tumorale nous nous sommes intéressés à deux stratégies faisant intervenir un transfert de gènes dans les cellules. POU1F1 est un facteur de transcription crucial pour le développement et le maintien des lignages somatotrope, lactotrope et thyréotrope et son expression est retrouvée dans les adénomes hypophysaires. De plus, des mutations de ce gène, notamment le mutant dominant négatif R271W, ont été identifiés chez des patients présentant des déficits hypophysaires combinés en GH, en PRL et en TSH. Une première partie de ma thèse a donc porté sur l'étude du transfert du mutant dominant négatif de POU1F1 par un vecteur lentiviral dans les tumeurs hypophysaires somatotropes et lactotropes afin d'évaluer son impact sur la sécrétion hormonale et sur la viabilité cellulaire. Nous avons montré que l'inactivation de ce facteur de transcription entrainait une diminution de la viabilité cellulaire et de la sécrétion de toutes les tumeurs testées. / To this date, some somatotroph adenomas do not respond to the current treatment of pituitary tumors. It still necessary to study the different ways to control the hormonal secretion and the tumor progression to identify alternate therapy capable to manage these symptoms. Likewise, some patient with prolactinomas (about 10%) responsible of gonad and sexual dysfunction do not respond to the control of prolactin hypersecretion. In addition, some neurological complications are finding due to the neighboring structures compression for both of these tumors. To better control the hormonal secretion we investigate two different strategies involving a gene transfer in the cells. POU1F1 is a major transcription factor involved in the pituitary development and the management of somatotroph, thyreotroph and lactotroph cell lines. Its expression is found in pituitary adenomas belonging of these 3 cell lines. Moreover some mutations like the R271W mutant are identified in patients with combined pituitary hormonal deficiency (CPHD). In the first part of my thesis we transfer this dominant negative mutant via a lentiviral transfer in the somatotroph and lactotroph adenomas to evaluate its impact on hormonal secretion and cell viability. We show an inhibitory effect of the POU1F1 inactivation on the secretion and the cell viability of all our tumors. Somatostatin analogs are the major medical therapy for somatotroph adenomas and control GH secretion in 60% of these patients. Octreotide resistance is highly correlated to a low expression of the sst2 receptor.

Pesquisas com drogas de abuso têm mostrado consistentemente que a apresentação de estímulos ambientais associados ao uso destas substâncias pode induzir comportamentos de busca e autoadministração das mesmas. Existe a hipótese de que o controle que estímulos ambientais adquirem sobre comportamentos de autoadministração e busca por drogas de abuso poderia ser influenciado tanto pela forma de administração da droga, autoadministração (administração ativa) ou heteroadministração (administração passiva), quanto pela contingência (operante ou respondente) em que a droga foi associada com tais estímulos. Foram formados trios compostos por um sujeito de cada grupo (CONT, ACOP e VEÍC) e realizados dois experimentos. Inicialmente os sujeitos de cada trio foram acoplados por meio de caixas experimentais separadas e expostos a tentativas discretas de apresentação dos estímulos luminosos, S1 e S2, simultaneamente. Como consequência do girar a roda operante na presença de S1 por um integrante do grupo CONT, este recebia uma infusão endovenosa de morfina (0,75 mg/kg), e simultaneamente os animais acoplados no trio recebiam uma infusão de morfina na mesma dose (grupo ACOP) ou de veículo (grupo VEÍC). Posteriormente, os sujeitos de todos os grupos foram treinados a pressionar uma barra por infusões endovenosas de morfina, sem contingência discriminativa programada alguma. Para esta fase, no experimento 1, S2 esteve presente durante as sessões experimentais, porém no experimento 2, nenhum S foi apresentado. Finalmente, os estímulos S1 e S2 foram apresentados em tentativas discretas, em condições de extinção. Os resultados mostram que, durante a extinção, o desempenho dos animais do grupo CONT, mas não os dos grupos ACOP e VEÍC, foi condizente com o treino recebido inicialmente (com 80% ou mais de respostas na barra em presença de S1), indicando que foi estabelecido controle discriminativo sobre a autoadministração de morfina no treino sob a contingência operante, mas não sob a respondente. Estes resultados sugerem que comportamentos de autoadministração e busca por drogas de abuso são influenciados tanto pela forma de administração da droga, quanto pelo tipo de contingência em que uma droga é associada com estímulos ambientais / Drug abuse research has consistently shown that presentation of a drug associated with environmental stimuli can induce drug-seeking and drug-administration behaviors. It has been hypothesized that stimuli control over drug-seeking and self-administration behaviors could be influenced by drug administrations nature, self-administration (active administration) or hetero-administration (passive administration), and also influenced by the drug-stimuli association contingency (operant or respondent). Animals were exposed to right jugular vein catheterization procedure. Groups Contingent (C), Yoked (Y) and Toked Saline (YS) were formed randomly after recovery. Yoked triads were formed with one subject from each group and two experiments were executed. Initially a discriminative training (light stimuli S1 and S2 discrete trials) was presented to triads. Each time C S group member turned an instrumental wheel in presence of S1, simultaneously, an intravenous morphine infusion (0.75 mg/kg) were administrated to that subject and yoked Y group member, as well as an intravenous saline infusion was administrated to yoked YS group member, in every triad. Afterward all subjects were individually trained to lever-press for an intravenous morphine infusion with no discrimination contingency programed. In this phase, S2 was presented through sessions in Experiment 1, while in Experiment 2 no S were presented. After achieving response stability, subjects were exposed to extinction sessions. Stimuli S1 and S2 discrete trials were presented but no consequences were programed for bar-press responses. Results show that only C groups performance was consistent with the previously received discriminative training (80% or more of bar-press responses in S1 presence) during extinction sessions, indicating that an operant training, but not a respondent training, successfully established morphine self-administration discriminative control. These results suggest that self-administration behaviors are in fact influenced by drugs administration nature and also by the drug-stimuli association contingency

Pesquisas com drogas de abuso têm mostrado consistentemente que a apresentação de estímulos ambientais associados ao uso destas substâncias pode induzir comportamentos de busca e autoadministração das mesmas. Existe a hipótese de que o controle que estímulos ambientais adquirem sobre comportamentos de autoadministração e busca por drogas de abuso poderia ser influenciado tanto pela forma de administração da droga, autoadministração (administração ativa) ou heteroadministração (administração passiva), quanto pela contingência (operante ou respondente) em que a droga foi associada com tais estímulos. Foram formados trios compostos por um sujeito de cada grupo (CONT, ACOP e VEÍC) e realizados dois experimentos. Inicialmente os sujeitos de cada trio foram acoplados por meio de caixas experimentais separadas e expostos a tentativas discretas de apresentação dos estímulos luminosos, S1 e S2, simultaneamente. Como consequência do girar a roda operante na presença de S1 por um integrante do grupo CONT, este recebia uma infusão endovenosa de morfina (0,75 mg/kg), e simultaneamente os animais acoplados no trio recebiam uma infusão de morfina na mesma dose (grupo ACOP) ou de veículo (grupo VEÍC). Posteriormente, os sujeitos de todos os grupos foram treinados a pressionar uma barra por infusões endovenosas de morfina, sem contingência discriminativa programada alguma. Para esta fase, no experimento 1, S2 esteve presente durante as sessões experimentais, porém no experimento 2, nenhum S foi apresentado. Finalmente, os estímulos S1 e S2 foram apresentados em tentativas discretas, em condições de extinção. Os resultados mostram que, durante a extinção, o desempenho dos animais do grupo CONT, mas não os dos grupos ACOP e VEÍC, foi condizente com o treino recebido inicialmente (com 80% ou mais de respostas na barra em presença de S1), indicando que foi estabelecido controle discriminativo sobre a autoadministração de morfina no treino sob a contingência operante, mas não sob a respondente. Estes resultados sugerem que comportamentos de autoadministração e busca por drogas de abuso são influenciados tanto pela forma de administração da droga, quanto pelo tipo de contingência em que uma droga é associada com estímulos ambientais / Drug abuse research has consistently shown that presentation of a drug associated with environmental stimuli can induce drug-seeking and drug-administration behaviors. It has been hypothesized that stimuli control over drug-seeking and self-administration behaviors could be influenced by drug administrations nature, self-administration (active administration) or hetero-administration (passive administration), and also influenced by the drug-stimuli association contingency (operant or respondent). Animals were exposed to right jugular vein catheterization procedure. Groups Contingent (C), Yoked (Y) and Toked Saline (YS) were formed randomly after recovery. Yoked triads were formed with one subject from each group and two experiments were executed. Initially a discriminative training (light stimuli S1 and S2 discrete trials) was presented to triads. Each time C S group member turned an instrumental wheel in presence of S1, simultaneously, an intravenous morphine infusion (0.75 mg/kg) were administrated to that subject and yoked Y group member, as well as an intravenous saline infusion was administrated to yoked YS group member, in every triad. Afterward all subjects were individually trained to lever-press for an intravenous morphine infusion with no discrimination contingency programed. In this phase, S2 was presented through sessions in Experiment 1, while in Experiment 2 no S were presented. After achieving response stability, subjects were exposed to extinction sessions. Stimuli S1 and S2 discrete trials were presented but no consequences were programed for bar-press responses. Results show that only C groups performance was consistent with the previously received discriminative training (80% or more of bar-press responses in S1 presence) during extinction sessions, indicating that an operant training, but not a respondent training, successfully established morphine self-administration discriminative control. These results suggest that self-administration behaviors are in fact influenced by drugs administration nature and also by the drug-stimuli association contingency

Tüpfel ermöglichen den interzellularen Stoffaustausch im Holzkörper. Im Zuge der Prozessgestaltung in den Bereichen Holzschutz und Zellstoffherstellung sind genauere Kenntnisse über ihren Aufbau von grundlegender Bedeutung. Das anatomische Wissen ermöglicht eine verbesserte Einschätzung der Tränkbarkeit sowie allgemein über die Eindringwege von Flüssigkeiten im Holz. Die Arbeit fasst den aktuellen Wissensstand des Baus der Tüpfel im Laubholz zusammen. Dabei stehen die in Deutschland wichtigsten Laubbaumarten, namentlich die Rot-Buche (Fagus silvatica L.) und Stiel- sowie Traubeneiche (Quercus robur L. und Quercus petraea Liebl.), im Fokus der Untersuchung. Zunächst wird der allgemeine Aufbau der Tüpfel beschrieben und besonders neuere Erkenntnisse mit aufgegriffen. Im Anschluss wird der Wissensstand zur Tüpfelbau der Rot-Buche sowie der Stiel- wie Trauben-Eiche zusammengefasst dargestellt.

The diploma thesis deals with foundations of a new learning and research center of the Charles University. Goal is economical and secure design of geotechnical structures. In this thesis, has been used less known technology of deep foundations. The author points to the diversity of utilization, such as sealing wall, anchored and unanchored sheeting, columns designed to influence tension and pressure. For the static calculation have been used programs Scia Engineer and Geo5 v19. Part of this thesis the technological process of technology of the soil improvement by DSM.

We have developed a computerized version of Charles Holt’s classical market game that can be used even in classes with a large audience. The Pit market game gives students intuitive access to the interaction of supply and demand in real-world markets. Even though trade can take place at non-uniform prices in the classroom game, the average price and the quantity traded are usually very close to the equilibrium values predicted by supply and demand curves. The classroom game can also be used for a lively discussion about the efficiency of markets or to show the consequences of taxes and regulatory interventions.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / While most sealants available are resin-based, glass ionomer-based cements can be used as sealants, with the advantage of being more tolerant to moisture during placement and of releasing fluoride. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different fissure conditioning techniques on penetration and microleakage of glass ionomer (GI) and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGI) used as sealants. Clinically sound extracted human molars were distributed into nine experimental groups (n = 15 each). Group 1 (control) was sealed with resin-based sealant (Delton) following clinically accepted techniques. Groups 2 through 6 were sealed with RMGI (Vitremer) after having the fissure conditioned with either polyacrylic acid (RMGI-control), 35-percent H3PO4, low viscosity 35-percent H3PO4 with a surfactant, self-etch conditioner, or 35-percent H3PO4 followed by self-etch conditioner. Groups 7 through 9 were sealed with GI sealant (Fuji Triage) after having the fissures conditioned with either polyacrylic acid (GI-control), 35- percent H3PO4 or low viscosity 35-percent H3PO4 with a surfactant. After aging through thermocycling (2500 cycles), specimens were incubated in methylene blue for four hours and sectioned at multiple locations. Digital images were obtained using a digital stereomicroscope, and microleakage was determined by scoring the dye penetration along the enamel-sealant interface. The penetration of the material was determined by calculating the percentage of the total length of the fissure penetrated by the material. Results: The use of self etch-conditioner significantly increased RMGI penetration, while surface conditioning with 35-percent phosphoric acid with surfactant significantly decreased microleakage of GI. The resin-based sealant placed after 35-percent phosphoric acid surface conditioning showed the best penetration and the least level of microleakage. In conclusion, results from this study suggest that the placement of glass ionomer-based sealants can be enhanced by modifying current conditioning methods.

Background: The light-cured resin-based pit and fissure sealants success and longevity are enhanced by sufficient curing. Multiple emission peak Light Emitting Diode Light Curing Units offer a wider range of wavelengths and different levels of irradiances to ensure sufficient curing.The irradiance is considered a main curing factor that can affect the material properties. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different settings of a multiwave LED LCU on the degree of conversion and microhardness of a pit and fissure sealant comparing the irradiance of 1000 mW/cm2 to 1400 mW/cm2 and 3200 mW/cm2 irradiances of the LCU using manufacturer’s guidelines for curing times at 2, 4 and, 6 mm distances. Methods: A multiwave LED light curing unit was evaluated on three different irradiance levels 1000 mW/cm2 (S), 1400 mW/cm2 (H), and 3200 mW/cm2 (X). A total of 90 samples made from the fissure sealant were fabricated and divided into eighteen groups (n=5/group). Samples were cured following manufacturer’s guidelines of curing times for each curing mode at 2, 4, or 6 mm distance between the light tip and top of samples. The DC was measured using (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The KHN test was performed on five different locations of each specimen using a hardness tester (Leco LM247AT, MI, USA, software; Confident V 2.5.2). Results: The top DC for H-8 was significantly higher than S-10 at 2 and 4mm, H-20 DC was significantly lower than S-30 at only 2mm. The bottom DC for H-8 was significantly higher than S-10 at 2mm only, H-20 DC was significantly lower than S-30 at 4 and 6mm only. H-8 KHN at top surface was significantly lower than S-10 at 2mm only, H-20 was significantly lower than S-30 at 2 and 6mm only. H-8 KHN at bottom surface was significantly lower than S-10 at 4 and 6mm but significantly higher at 2mm. H-20 was significantly lower than S-30 at 2mm but significantly higher at 4 and 6mm. The top DC for X-3 was significantly lower than S-10 at all curing distances with no significant difference at all curing distances between X-9 and S-30. The bottom DC for X-3 was significantly higher than S-10 at all curing distances with no significant difference between X-9 and S-30. X-3 KHN at top surface was significantly lower than S-10s at all curing distances. X-9 was significantly lower than S-30 at 6mm only. X-3 KHN at bottom surface was significantly lower than S-10 at 2 and 4mm only with no significant difference at all curing distances between X-9 and S-30. Conclusions: Using a multiwave LED LCU to polymerize Delton Opaque resin-based fissure sealants will result in an optimal DC and KHN values for any irradiance level if the curing distance is kept at 4 mm or less and with at least two cycles of the shortest curing time recommended by the manufacturer. Using a multiwave LED LCU with 1000, 1400 or 3200 mW/cm2 irradiance levels with shortest curing times recommended resulted in unsatisfactory DC and KHN levels. LED LCU with high and extra high irradiance levels (1400 and 3200 mW/cm2) can result in high DC and KHN levels when used adequately. Xtra Power mode (3200 mW/cm2) used on shortest curing time (3 seconds) resulted in significantly lower mechanical properties and for that reason it is not recommended to be used.