No description available.

Syfte Studien syftar till att klarlägga hur stavisättningen och stakfasen påverkas vid användandet av en böjd jämfört med en rak stavdesign vid stakning i hög hastighet på rullskidor på rullband. Följande frågeställningar har undersökts:  Leder en böjd stavdesign till att stavisättningen sker längre fram?  Leder en böjd stavdesign till att stakfasens absoluta längd förändras?  Leder en böjd stavdesign till att stakfasens relativa längd förändras? Metod Tio manliga längdskidåkare (ålder 25,3 ± 5,1 år, kroppslängd 182,1 ± 8,6 cm, kroppsvikt 78 ± 6,5 kg) deltog i studien. Forskningspersonerna genomförde ett Vmax-protokoll stakning på rullskidor på rullband, med rak såväl som med böjd stavdesign. Rörelsedata samlades in och analyserades för att fastställa eventuella skillnader i stavisättning, stakfas, återförandefas och total cykeltid. Resultat En signifikant skillnad kan påvisas gällande stavisättning, där en böjd stavdesign leder till en stavisättning längre framför bindningen jämfört med en rak stavdesign. Ingen signifikant skillnad kan påvisas rörande stakfasen, återförandefasen eller total cykeltid. Slutsatser Studiens visar att stavspetsens rörelsebana flyttas vid nyttjande av en böjd stavdesign i riktning framåt. Dock påverkas inte stakfasen, återförandefasen eller total cykeltid, vilket innebär att stakfasens längd, i absoluta såväl som relativa termer, är densamma vid stakning med rak och böjd stavdesign. / Purpose statement The purpose of the study is to examine how the pole plant and pole phase are affected by using a pole of curved, compared to straight, design for double poling at high speed on roller skis at a treadmill. The following research questions have been examined:  Does a curved pole design result in a pole plant further forward?  Does a curved pole design result in a change in the absolute length of the pole phase?  Does a curved pole design result in a change in the relative length of the pole phase? Methodology Ten male cross country skiers (age 25,3 ± 5,1 years, height 182,1 ± 8,6 cm, BW 78 ± 6,5 kg) took part in the study. The test subjects performed a Vmax-test double poling on roller skis on a treadmill, with straight and curved poles. Movement data was collected and analysed to examine potential differences regarding pole plant, pole phase, recovery phase and total cycle time. Results A significant difference was found regarding the pole plant, as a curved pole design resulted in a pole plant further forward compared to a straight design. No significant difference was found related to the pole phase, recovery phase or total cycle time. Conclusion The study shows that the path of the pole tip is moved forward when using poles of a curved design. There is no change in the pole phase, the recovery phase or the total cycle time, thus the length of the pole phase, absolute as well as relative, is unaffected by pole design when double poling.

No description available.

Orientador: Carlos Renato Corso / Banca: Adauto Ivo Milanez / Banca: Aurora Mariana Garcia de França Souza / Banca: Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis / Banca: Antonio Sérgio Spanó Seixas / Resumo: O solo do pólo cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes tem sido poluído há décadas por diversos elementos, como Pb, Zn e outros. Foram realizadas quatro coletas de solo (duas durante a época chuvosa e duas na seca), em cinco locais, entre novembro de 2002 a junho de 2003; mediram-se temperaturas, pH, teores de Pb, Zn e umidade. Os fungos foram isolados através do método de Warcup, modificado, com a utilização de meios de extrato de malte agar (MEA) a 2%, adicionados com doses crescentes de nitrato de Zn e de Pb, sendo as colônias purificadas e identificadas. Foram obtidos 70 táxons de fungos anamorfos com 70% de similaridade entre as micotas obtidas com os dois metais. Foram isolados 43 taxons dos meios de cultura com Pb, havendo predominância de isolamentos nos teores mais elevados (500 a 1000 mg Pb/dm3). Foram obtidos 63 táxons nos meios com Zn, com teores de 200 a 500 mg /dm3. Predominaram espécies de Trichoderma, Penicillium e outras usualmente associadas a substratos em decomposição. Estabelecida a diversidade dos fungos, estudou-se a tolerância do Aspergillus terreus e do Paecilomyces lilacinus a nitratos de Pb e Zn. Foi usado o meio Czapek, com a adição de 250; 500; 750 e 1000 mg de Pb por dm3 e 1.000; 2.000; 3.000; 4.000; 6.000; 8.000 e 10.000 mg de Zn por dm3 .Com os dados obtidos, foi possível cálcular o teor do metal que inibe 50% e 100% do crescimento da biomassa EC 50 e/ou EC100 .Para o A. terreus foram encontrados: EC 50 Pb= 489,05 mg/dm3 ; EC 100 Pb = 1.049,08 mg/dm3 ; EC50 Zn = 81,26 mg/dm3 ; EC100 Zn= 6.360,98 mg/dm3 . Para o P. lilacinus foram encontrados: EC 50 Pb = 1.147,89 mg/dm3; EC 100 Pb = 2.389,45 mg/dm3 ; EC 50 Zn= 8.323,75 mg/dm3; EC 100 Zn= 15.995,36 mg/dm3 . Em relação à sensibilidade a Pb e a Zn, o A. terreus apresentou sensibilidades maiores do que o P. lilacinus. Constatou-se também, que a sensibilidade do A . terreus a Zn foi maior do que ao Pb / Abstract: The soil of the ceramic pole, has been polluted since decades by several elements, mainly lead and zinc. Four soil sample collections were conducted (2 during the rainy and 2 in the dry season) at 5 sites, between november 2002 and june 2003, measuring the temperature, pH and the content of Pb, Zn and moisture in the soil. The fungi were obtained by the modified Warcup's soil plate method, using malt extract agar (2%), added of increasing dosis of Zn and Pb salts.The colonies were purified and identified .Seventy anamorphs were obtained, with 70% of similarity between the mycotas isolated from the culture media added with the metals. Fourty three taxa were isolated from the culture media with Pb, with predominance of isolations in higher Pb concentrations (500 to 1000 mg Pb per dm3). 63 taxa were obtained in the media with Zn, mainly in the concentrations between 200 and 500 mg Zn per dm3. Species of Trichoderma, Penicillium and several fungi usually found in decomposing plant debris prevailed. After determining the diversity of fungi in the ceramic pole, Aspergillus terreus and Paecilomyces lilacinus were submitted to tests of tolerance to Pb and Zn. A modified medium Czapek was used amended with 250; 500; 750 and 1000 mg of Pb per dm3 and 1000; 2000; 3000; 4000; 6000; 8000 and 10000 for Paecilomyces lilacinus mg of Zn per dm3 . Afterwards it was possible to calculate the effective concentrations inhibiting growth by 50% and 100% values ( EC50 and EC100 ). Values obtained for A terreus: EC 50 Pb = 489,05 mg/dm3 ; EC 100 Pb= 1.049,08 mg/dm3 ; EC 50 Zn= 81,26 mg/dm3; EC 100 Zn= 6.360,98 mg/dm3 .Values obtained for P. lilacinus; EC 50 Pb = 1.147,89 mg/dm3 ; EC 100 Pb = 2.389,45 mg/dm3 ; EC 50 Zn = 8.323,79 mg/dm3 ; EC 100 Zn = 15.995,36 mg/dm3 . With regards to the sensitivity to lead and zinc, A. terreus showed greater sensitivity than P. lilacinus. A greater sensitivity of A. terreus for zinc than lead was recorded / Doutor

2 p. / Originally published 2000. / Riparian ecosystems are found in the transition between aquatic and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems where unique vegetative communities can occur due to free water at or near the soil surface. A healthy, functional riparian plant community provides a rich environment for insects, mollusks, amphibians, reptiles, fishes, birds, and animals. In Arizona, many naturally occurring riparian ecosystems have been impacted, altered or removed by natural processes and land management activities. This publication provides information to assist residents, landowners, and agency personnel in successfully establishing pole plantings in riparian ecosystems of Arizona. Reviewed 10/2016, Originally published 2000.

If one of the two poles will trip for some reasons in a regular bipolar HVDC transmission without a return conductor, it is necessary to block the other pole temporarily during the transition to a monopolar operation with metallic return, this procedure will take 1-2 seconds and will affect the connected AC networks by extra disturbances. The object of this survey has been to answer the question if it is possible to have a balanced bipolar transmission without a return conductor and during a trip of one pole control it as an HVDC transmission with series connected converters by adding the by-pass switches and the logic for a series connected HVDC converter system which means that a shutdown of the transferred power during the transition phases is not necessary. The survey has been performed with the software PSCAD where an already existing series connected converter circuit had been modified to a bipolar system and the control logic for the transition phases has been created. There were some problems with various control signals between the software HiDraw and PSCAD, this was solved by different methods and the result shows that it is possible to have a transition between bipolar operation and monopolar operation with metallic return without the need to totally shut down the power transfer completely. But this requires a large capacitor.

In this thesis, LMI approach is employed to design a static output feedback controller so that all poles of the considered closed-loop continuous-time system are located within a prescribed LMI region, named D region. Based on the coordinate transformation, an analysis about the derived LMI-based sufficient condition is also established. The result is, moreover, extended to treat pole placement in the generalized LMI region, denoted by DR region. In addition to the requirement on pole location, two commonly exploited system performances in robust control, i.e. the H2 and Hinf designs, are also considered so that the multiobjective control by static output feedback is investigated in this thesis. To address robustness issue of the designed controllers, three different uncertainty descriptions, i.e. norm bounded uncertainty, positive real uncertainty, and polytopic uncertainty, are considered and LMI conditions for quadratic D stabilization by static output feedback have been derived. The bounded realness and positive realness with respect to an LMI D region are studied as well. Numerical examples are provided in the end of chapters 3, 4, and 5 to illustrate the obtained results there.

Akademisk avhandling--Lund. / Added t.p. laid in. "Tryckta källor": p. 361-375.

Akademisk avhandling--Lund. / Added t.p. laid in. "Tryckta källor": p. 361-375.

No description available.