The paper examines the political economy taking place in Belarus since the mid-1990s in the context of the post-socialist transformation discourse. The former has prioritised the interests of non-proprietary social groups, and hence has frequently deviated from the mainstream post-socialist political economy agenda, composed of neo-liberalism and its socially-oriented alternatives, which have focused on new proprietors as driving forces of changes in the former socialist societies. Such a deviation might have been determined by Belarus' continuous allegiance to many of the socialist principles and policy methods in both economic and social spheres, as well as in politics, while the approaches dominating the post-socialist discourse presume adoption of Western principles of capitalist economy and pluralist democracy. At the same time, the country's transformation pattern has been closer to those trends in the post-socialist discourse, defined as socio-economics, which call for gradual state-led reforms, rather than to the radical liberalisation agenda of neo-liberalism. Notably, Belarusian authorities have sought to contain the costs of the transformation by following a gradual path and avoiding radical liberalisation and privatisation, but contrary to socio-economics, they have not focused on fostering new private enterprise, keeping their commitment to non-proprietary groups and the public sector they work in. While this has been frequently labelled as populism, the analysis of economic factors associated with it has not proved such allegations. Similarly, there has not been sufficient evidence to confirm the other popular criticism, regarding an allegedly utter corruptness of Belarusian authorities. In tum, the available survey and private opinion data have been in line with the official electoral outcomes, pointing at consistent public support of the policies pursued in the country. The research should provide a dual contribution to the existing knowledge of the post-socialist transformation. Above all, it amounts to a study of socio-economic determinants of Belarus' transformation, which have been frequently ignored in the English-language academic literature. In addition, it tests the validity and universal applicability of the predominant transformation paradigms, as the case of Belarus shows that it is possible to achieve positive socio-economic results and political stability following alternative political economy routes, which give proper consideration to the costs of reforms, and are based on wide public support.

This thesis is an analysis of the hegemonic and colonising nationalist discourse of the Turkish state in dealing with one of its “others”, communism, which is presented through the changes in the articulation of a symbol of that “other”, namely, Nazim Hikmet, in the official discourse about him. In doing so, it aims to make a contribution to the discussion of nationalism in light of the social constructivist approach which stresses the malleability of national identity and the dynamic social struggles over the definition of any given national identity, through an example from Turkey. In this sense, I would not argue that the case study of Nazirn Hikmet is unique since other instances of strategic changes from antagonism, to incorporation, and to colonisation can be traced in the relationship of the Turkish state and its various “others”. The case study of Nazim Hikmet will be situated in the general context of the ambiguities of the official Turkish nationalist discourse. In order to serve this aim, the role of language, religion and race in the Kemalist nationalism in different periods will be analysed. A study of the malleable relationship of the Turkish left with Kemalism, the construction of national literary canons, as well as a study of the life and works of Nazim Hikmet and their representation in the state discourse on him will be provided.

This study grounded within the discipline of conflict resolution in the field of international conflict is an empirical investigation and comprehensive analysis of the politics of security decision- making in an African petro-state called Nigeria. It explores how the Nigerian political elite perceive national security threat and the impact of this perception on the construction of security strategies in the oil producing Niger Delta region of the country. The study challenges the traditional thinking mode of national security and explores the transformative potential of the human security concept. In doing so, the study arrives at a central thesis that the specific interpretation of national security threat within the Nigerian political elite has escalated the level of insecurity in the state, especially in the Niger Delta region which is the research case study. The issues are addressed in eight chapters with the central themes of elite and security illustrated with theoretical as well as empirical accounts of the making of political elite and the roots of threat perception in Nigeria. By injecting a theoretical framework that comprises both discursive and non-discursive approaches through the two variants of securitisation theory - Copenhagen and Paris Schools, the study strips bare the security perception of the Nigerian political elite. Through qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study explored three different groups’ perceptions as its unit of analysis; and the specific nuances and commonalities within them analysed. The central hypothesis is that state institutions are not just a consequence of early historical conditions, but because agency and structure do evolve over time, the contingent processes and events such as natural resource discovery, nationalisation and the timing of key historical events create a set of governance resources, political economy incentives and elite culture that frames the behaviour of state actors and policy-makers. Nonetheless, these critical junctures may open windows of opportunity to push for a far-reaching changes in frameworks for decision-making and re-shape the mode of governance. The originality of the work is twofold. First, is its utility of an analytical framework that comprises both discursive and non-discursive practices as proposed by the Copenhagen and Paris Schools of securitisation theory to unravel elite perception of security. Second, is its application of a deconstructivist approach through qualitative data coding to analyse the evolving security dynamics in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The study concludes that the lack of a process to allow the views of those who prioritise state security over citizens security, and those who view security the other way round to communicate and find a common ground is a major problem that needs to be overcome.

陳榮波. / 據手稿本影印. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部. / Ju shou gao ben ying yin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 272-282). / Chen Rongbo. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan li shi xue bu. / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 鹽鐵轉運使興起之背景及原因 --- p.6 / Chapter 甲 --- 背景 / Chapter （一） --- 開元天寶前之中央政府組織 --- p.6 / Chapter （二) --- 開元天寶後之中央政府組織 --- p.21 / Chapter 乙 --- 轉運使興起之原因 --- p.26 / Chapter （一） --- 關中經濟之減退 --- p.28 / Chapter （二) --- 中央政府組織之擴大 --- p.37 / Chapter （三） --- 府兵制之破壞 --- p.41 / Chapter （四） --- 開拓邊彊 --- p.47 / Chapter 丙 --- 鹽鐵使與起之原因 --- p.55 / Chapter 第三章 --- 鹽鐵轉運使之選任̐£遷轉與僚屬 --- p.88 / Chapter （一） --- 鹽鐵轉運使之選任 --- p.111 / Chapter （二) --- 鹽鐵轉運使之遷轉 --- p.130 / Chapter （三） --- 鹽鐵轉運使之僚屬 --- p.138 / Chapter 第四章 --- 鹽鐵轉運使之職掌 --- p.156 / Chapter （一） --- 整頓漕運 --- p.157 / Chapter （二) --- 營造舟楫 --- p.178 / Chapter （三） --- 漕轉物資 --- p.182 / Chapter （四） --- 斡榷鹽鐵 --- p.199 / Chapter 第五章 --- 鹽鐵轉運使之貢獻 --- p.232 / Chapter （一） --- 國運昌隆期 --- p.233 / Chapter （二) --- 流離播遷期 --- p.238 / Chapter （三） --- 中興討叛期 --- p.245 / Chapter （四） --- 崦嵫餘景期 --- p.253 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結語 --- p.267 / 附錄 / 徵引書目 --- p.272

手稿本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部. / Shou gao ben. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-273). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan li shi xue bu. / Chapter 第壹章、 --- 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第貳章、 --- 樞密使概述 --- p.5 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 沿革 --- p.5 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 名稱 --- p.9 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 員額 --- p.10 / Chapter 第叁章、 --- 樞密使權力的變化　　　 --- p.11 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 第一階段：梁太祖開平元年四月至末帝龍德三年十月(907-923)──發軔期 --- p.12 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 第二階段：唐莊宗同光元年至明宗長興二年(932-931)──巔峯期 --- p.17 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 運三年(931-946)──反覆調整期第三階段：唐明宗長興二年至晉出帝開 --- p.38 / Chapter 第四節、 --- 第四階段：漢高祖天福十二年至周太祖廣順三年(947-953)──膨脹期 --- p.53 / Chapter 第五節、 --- 第五階段：周世宗顯德元年至宗興(954-959年底)──減縮期 --- p.64 / Chapter 第六節、 --- 本章小結 --- p.66 / Chapter 第肆章、 --- 影響樞密使權力的因素 --- p.68 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 從政治鬥爭觀察 --- p.68 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 從與入使時的君主的私人關係觀察 --- p.100 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 從君主的性格和才能觀察 --- p.116 / Chapter 第四節、 --- 從政治制度的發展和五代的政治環境觀察 --- p.121 / Chapter 第五節、 --- 從入使時的官職觀察 --- p.126 / Chapter 第六節、 --- 從任內兼任的官職差遣觀察 --- p.133 / Chapter 第七節、 --- 從任期觀察 --- p.143 / Chapter 第八節、 --- 附論´ؤ´ؤ五代樞密使的下場 --- p.147 / Chapter 第九節、 --- 本章小結 --- p.152 / Chapter 第伍章、 --- 結論 --- p.155 / 註釋 --- p.158 / Chapter 附錄一 --- ──五代樞密使副使年月表 --- p.214 / Chapter 附錄二 --- ──五代樞密使個人簡表 --- p.232 / 附錄註釋 --- p.239 / 本文引用參考書目 --- p.265

曾昭明. / 據手稿本影印. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Ju shou gao ben ying yin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 411-451). / Zeng Zhaoming. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 引言 / Chapter 第一章 --- 徽宗內禪的研究 / Chapter 第一節 --- 曾布執政至下台 / Chapter 第二節 --- 舊勢力的發展及新勢力的形成 / Chapter 第三節 --- 新勢力的分析 / Chapter 第四節 --- 新勢力與東黨聯合 / Chapter 第五節 --- 徽宗之個性與其迷信之表現 / Chapter 第六節 --- 欽宗個人的分析及這次內禪的研究 / Chapter 第七節 --- 結論 / Chapter 第二章 --- 高宗內禪的研究 / Chapter 第一節 --- 建炎變亂至秦檜下台之政治發展 / Chapter 第二節 --- 南宋對金之和戰問題 / Chapter 第三節 --- 秦檜下台後新的一股勢力之興起 / Chapter 第四節 --- 新勢力的實質及與孝宗之關係 / Chapter 第五節 --- 孝宗性格之分析 / Chapter 第六節 --- 高宗心理不平衡的發展 / Chapter 第七節 --- 結論 / Chapter 第三章 --- 孝宗內禪的研究 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「隆興和議」之形成 / Chapter 第二節 --- 孝宗時國勢之分析與孝宗和議之關係 / Chapter 第三節 --- 孝宗一朝宰相任期短促之分析 / Chapter 第四節 --- 孝宗無力北伐而致心灰意冷 / Chapter 第五節 --- 孝宗與太上皇政見不同及孝宗之無聲抗議 / Chapter 第六節 --- 王淮之助東宮及高宗之死促成內禪之完成 / Chapter 第七節 --- 結論 / Chapter 第四章 --- 光宗內禪的研究 / Chapter 第一節 --- 光宗即位初期之政治發展(即孝宗末期政治發展 之延續) / Chapter 第二節 --- 光宗一朝政治出現問題的原因及光宗參與道學之爭 / Chapter 第三節 --- 朝官與后黨的斗爭 / Chapter 第四節 --- 光宗性格的分析及其與趙汝愚不和的原因 / Chapter 第五節 --- 趙汝愚發動政變以自固 / Chapter 第六節 --- 是次內單的幾個問題 / Chapter 第七節 --- 結論 / Chapter 第五章 --- 寧宗即位至開禧北伐的政治發展 / Chapter 第六章 --- 四朝內禪之比較 / 後論 / 參考書目

楊炎廷. / 手稿本, 複本據原稿影印. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部. / Shou gao ben, fu ben ju yuan gao ying yin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 277-301). / Yang Yanting. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan li shi xue bu. / 緒言 --- p.1-3 / Chapter 第一章 --- 唐末五代至宋初卅縣衙門的演變 --- p.4-4 / Chapter 第二章 --- 北宋的衙前役 --- p.15 / Chapter 第一節 --- 衙前將吏 --- p.15-16 / Chapter 第二節 --- 熙寧變法以前的衙前役 / Chapter 甲 --- 一般制度 --- p.26-32 / Chapter 乙 --- 長名衙前 --- p.32-37 / Chapter 丙 --- 里正衙前、鄉戶衙前 --- p.37-65 / Chapter 第三節 --- 熙寧變法以後的衙前役 --- p.65-88 / Chapter 第三章 --- 北宋卅縣衙門的吏役　　　 --- p.89 / Chapter 第一節 --- 卅縣之吏人　 --- p.91 / Chapter 甲 --- 卅之吏人 --- p.91-100 / Chapter 乙 --- 縣之吏人 --- p.100-103 / Chapter 丙 --- 卅縣吏人在地方行政上所扮演的角色 --- p.104-112 / Chapter 第二節 --- 卅縣之公人　 --- p.112 / Chapter 甲 --- 散從官、雜職、手力、　解子、所由 --- p.112-115 / Chapter 乙 --- 卅之院虞侯 --- p.115-117 / Chapter 丙 --- 縣之弓手　 --- p.117-119 / Chapter 丁 --- 卅縣的庫子、斗子、搯子、秤子、揀子、攔頭 --- p.119-122 / Chapter 第四章 --- 北宋的鄉役制度 / Chapter 第一節 --- 唐、五代鄉村制度的變 --- p.123-130 / Chapter 第二節 --- 北宋前期的鄉村制度 --- p.130 / Chapter 甲 --- 鄉之里正及鄉書手　　　 --- p.137-141 / Chapter 乙 --- 管之戶長　　　　　　　 --- p.141-143 / Chapter 丙 --- 耆之耆長、壯丁 --- p.143-149 / Chapter 第三節 --- 熙寧變法以後鄉村制度的轉變 --- p.150-158 / 結語 --- p.159-163 / 注釋 --- p.164-276 / 參考資料 --- p.277-301

杜榮佳. / 手稿本, 複本據手稿本複印. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Shou gao ben, fu ben ju shou gao ben fu yin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 368-418). / Du Rongjia. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 提要 / 自序 --- p.1-4 / 引論 --- p.5-15 / Chapter 第一章 --- 光緒初年清議的興起 --- p.16-10 / Chapter 第一節 --- 先緒年間以前的清議 --- p.16-35 / Chapter 1 --- 晚明清議的興起 / Chapter 2 --- 清初清議的衰微 / Chapter 3 --- 道咸同三朝清議的復興 / Chapter 第二節 --- 光緒初年清議整頓內政的條陳 --- p.35-48 / Chapter 1 --- 整飭地方吏治 / Chapter 2 --- 彈劾奄官大僚 / Chapter 3 --- 條陳救荒建議 / Chapter 4 --- 反對立儲繼嗣 / Chapter 第三節 --- 光緒初年清議對外交與自強的獻計 --- p.48-58 / Chapter 1 --- 推翻崇約 / Chapter 2 --- 議約禦俄 / Chapter 3 --- 善用人才 / Chapter 4 --- 軍事自強 / Chapter 第四節 --- 清廷對清議的態度 --- p.58-69 / Chapter 1 --- 清廷對清議的支持 / Chapter 2 --- 清廷對清議的駁斥 / Chapter 第二章 --- 中法越南戰爭期間的清議 --- p.101-148 / Chapter 第一節 --- 清議主戰的言論及思想 --- p.101-112 / Chapter 1 --- 清議對法人的認識 / Chapter 2 --- 清議對藩屬的看法 / Chapter 3 --- 清議主戰的意見 / Chapter 4 --- 清議評彈官員的意見 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清議對外認識的變化 --- p.112-119 / Chapter 1 --- 清議籌防的意見 / Chapter 2 --- 清議對餉械不足的認識 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清廷對清議的反應 --- p.119-130 / Chapter 1 --- 清廷觀望的態度 / Chapter 2 --- 清廷對清議主戰的支持 / Chapter 3 --- 清廷對議和的重視 / Chapter 4 --- 清廷始戰終和的局面 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.130-131 / Chapter 第三章 --- 甲午戰爭期間的清議 --- p.149-195 / Chapter 第一節 --- 清議主戰的言論及思想 --- p.152-160 / Chapter 1 --- 清議主戰的原因 / Chapter 2 --- 清議備戰籌防的意見 / Chapter 3 --- 清議振興中樞權力的主張 / Chapter 4 --- 清議評彈將帥的意見 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清議反對和議的見解 --- p.160-165 / Chapter 1 --- 以戰為和 / Chapter 2 --- 反對割地賠款 / Chapter 3 --- 請求罷黜和議 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清廷對清議的反應 --- p.165-174 / Chapter 1 --- 對倡言主戰的反應 / Chapter 2 --- 對評彈樞臣的反應 / Chapter 3 --- 對調兵遣將言論的反應 / Chapter 4 --- 對議和問題的看法 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.174-176 / Chapter 第四章 --- 光緒年間清議的性質 --- p.196-274 / Chapter 第一節 --- 前清流(清流黨)的社會綱絡 --- p.197-210 / Chapter 1 --- 前清流(清流黨)的社會關係 / Chapter 2 --- 李鴻藻與「清流黨」關係的探討 / Chapter 第二節 --- 前清流活動性質的檢討 --- p.211-233 / Chapter 1 --- 前清流人物活動情況 / Chapter 2 --- 清流名士的生活好尚 / Chapter 3 --- 清流本身無意結黨 / Chapter 第三節 --- 後清流(帝黨)的社會綱絡 --- p.23-237 / Chapter 1 --- 帝黨稱謂與介定的質疑 / Chapter 2 --- 翁同龢與帝黨的關係 / Chapter 3 --- 後清流的社會關係 / Chapter 第四節 --- 後清流活動性質的探討 --- p.237-244 / Chapter 1 --- 清流名士的生活好尚 / Chapter 2 --- 後清流論政目的與「帝黨」的關係 / Chapter 第五章 --- 清議在晚清宮廷政治上的意義 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「慈禧政爭工具說」的檢討 / Chapter 1 --- 慈禧研究的缺點 / Chapter 2 --- 清議與慈禧發動政爭的質疑 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「反對運動(Qpposition Movement)說」的質疑 --- p.288-295 / Chapter 1 --- 清議與變法及反對運動的關係 / Chapter 2 --- 清議與打擊非正途出身官員的關係 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清議與晚清中央決策的權力危機 --- p.296-320 / Chapter 1 --- 中法戰爭期間外交決策權力危機的分析 / Chapter 2 --- 中日戰爭期間外交決策權力危機的分析 / Chapter 3 --- 清議與晚清皇權危機 / 結論 --- p.351-367 / 主要參考書目

Erin S. Michelson. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-135). / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Preface --- p.v / Map of Indochina --- p.vii / Abstract --- p.viii / Chapter chapter one： --- Introduction --- p.1 / THESIS STATEMENT --- p.1 / THE INDOCHINESE SUBSYSTEM --- p.3 / Tripartite Relationship --- p.3 / Treaty Formalities --- p.3 / Shared Security Interests --- p.6 / Administrative Structure --- p.7 / Economic Distribution --- p.9 / Regional Subsystem --- p.12 / Interdependence --- p.12 / Systemic Relations --- p.13 / CULTURAL REALIGNMENT --- p.16 / THESIS OUTLINE --- p.17 / Chapter chapter two: --- Evaluating Indochina --- p.21 / INDOCHINESE ORIGINS --- p.22 / CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS --- p.25 / Nationalism --- p.25 / Socialism --- p.31 / Religion --- p.39 / A COMPOSITE CULTURE --- p.45 / Chapter chapter three： --- Defining the Indochinese Subsystem --- p.47 / ACTOR CLASSIFICATORY VARIABLE --- p.47 / CAPABILITY VARIABLE --- p.48 / Economic Viability --- p.54 / Infrastructure Capacity --- p.55 / Geographical Assets --- p.56 / Social Indicators --- p.57 / INFORMATION VARIABLE --- p.58 / ESSENTIAL RULES --- p.60 / TRANSFORMATION RULES --- p.67 / Chapter chapter four： --- Assessing Indochina's Stability --- p.74 / SOURCES OF CHANGE --- p.74 / Equilibrium Change --- p.74 / Parameter Inputs --- p.76 / Soviet Demise --- p.76 / American Embargo --- p.78 / Dragon Appeal --- p.80 / MODE OF CHANGE --- p.82 / Step-level Function --- p.82 / Altered Essential Rules --- p.83 / EEFECTS OF CHANGE --- p.86 / Integrative Process --- p.87 / Disintegrative Process --- p.87 / Decision-making Process --- p.89 / Kaplan's 9 Hypotheses --- p.90 / Reintegration --- p.99 / Chapter chapter five: --- Conclusion --- p.101 / REVIEW --- p.101 / Background Conditions --- p.101 / Modes of Transformation --- p.103 / Disintegrative Effects --- p.105 / CRITIQUE --- p.108 / SUGGESTED AREAS OF FURTHER RESEARCH --- p.110 / addendum： Playing Games --- p.111 / TWO PERSON ZERO-SUM GAME --- p.112 / Minimax Theorem --- p.116 / Zero-Sum Competitive Games --- p.118 / TWO PERSON NON-ZERO-SUM COOPERATIVE GAME --- p.118 / Prisoner's Dilemma --- p.118 / Nash Principle --- p.121 / TWO PERSON COOPERATIVE GAME --- p.123 / Bargaining --- p.123 / Threats --- p.125 / Bibliography --- p.128

胡詠超. / 書名據目次前. / 手稿本. / 論文(碩士) - 香港中文大學. / 參考文獻 : p. 193-198. / Hu Yongchao. / Chapter 一 --- 引言 / Chapter 二 --- 北宋對權貴政治勢力之限制 / Chapter (一) --- 學制之改進與取解重心之轉移 / Chapter (二) --- 任子制度之釐革 / Chapter (三) --- 皇親懿戚仕進之限制 / Chapter (四) --- 考選制度之公允與權貴子弟仕進之艱阻 / Chapter (五) --- 貢舉之矜恤賽畯 / Chapter 三 --- 北宋對權貴經濟勢力之裁制 / Chapter (一) --- 賤役之檢括與官更置田之限制 / Chapter (二) --- 官吏營商之制裁 / Chapter (三) --- 官吏貪贓之嚴懲 / Chapter (四) --- 北宋宗室之困乏 / Chapter 四 --- 餘倫