1 |
Marketing in the health club industryWilkinson, John Nicholas January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
|
2 |
A Study of Firm's Pricing and Optimal Location Choice in Barbell ModelChang, Chia-Hao 07 July 2012 (has links)
The purpose of this paper to discuss the monopoly and duopoly firm¡¦s pricing model and the optimal location choice in the Barbell Model. In this study, the first part of this article is that the assumption of market for a barbell market, the monopolist in the face of symmetric and asymmetric barbell market, firm in considering the case of the transportation costs to adopt a different pricing strategy to its optimal location choice.
The latter part of this article is to consider if the same circumstances, to a duopoly market, the Cournot and Bertrand competition, the two plants how to choose the most suitable location choice. Also, we discuss the social welfare analysis under different circumstances and when it will reach the principle of minimum differential, or the principle of maximum differential.
|
3 |
How to succeed with value-based pricing : A case study of how a Swedish OEM is working with price strategy in the context of globalizationHANNAH BJÖRK, HANNAH, FORSBERG, LINA January 2015 (has links)
In today’s world, change is faster than ever with rapid technological development and increasing global competition. The effects of globalization have led to more intense international competition when competitors originate from different parts of the world. Thanks to the use of new information technology, transparency has increased and made it possible for customers to compare products and prices between suppliers and prices in different markets and also buy cross-border. This puts pressure on companies to differentiate and develop their competitive advantage. Pricing could be such an advantage. Organizations need to develop pricing strategies well adapted to meet these external changes and remain profitable. Value-based pricing strategy has proven to help companies to move away from discussions about pricing and instead focus on the unique value the company’s offerings can provide the customers. This is also the pricing strategy that creates the best opportunities to maximize the profit in every sales situation. Therefore, this study has investigated how OEMs work with value-based pricing strategy and pricing processes in the context of globalization and ICT. This has been done by conducting a case study at the company Atlas Copco in Sickla, Sweden, that is market leader within sustainable production solutions. The case study consisted of interviews with, and a questionnaire sent out to, managers at Atlas Copco, Industrial Technique, General Industry, involved in the pricing process. The results indicate that Atlas Copco strive to work with value-based pricing and are somewhat taken into consideration global trends affecting pricing and working internally with factors affecting pricing. Furthermore, the findings suggest that in order to use value-based pricing in the context of globalization, the company should state and implement a clear pricing strategy, decentralize pricing authority, provide the sales organizations with guidelines, training and communication platforms and work to move away from commodities. The findings of this study have implication both in a theoretical and industrial aspect. From the theoretical aspect, the findings contributes to the existing research about value-based pricing, a research area which is usually fragmented and mostly describes what value-based pricing is, not how it is used, especially not in a global context. This study contributes with a case showing how OEMs are working with value-based pricing, taking into consideration both global trends and internal factors. From the industrial aspect, the results from this study give OEMs competitive advantage through following the findings about what internal and external factors to consider when working with their pricing strategy.
|
4 |
Selecting a pricing strategy : a statistical approachSmit, L., Van Niekerk, T. January 2014 (has links)
Published Article / Pricing management, as part of the marketing strategy of an organisation, is a difficult and highly complex - but also critically important - management activity, as it affects the revenue and therefore the profits of an organisation. However, scholars such as Bruck (2010), Cram (2006:5), Eugster, Kakkar and Roegner (2000:133), Hinterhuber (2004:765) and Pratt (2007) believe that the pricing function in organisations has largely been neglected by managers and academics and that price is generally set by guesswork and not by scientific means.
This article maintains that the pricing function in an organisation can be successfully managed through the implementation of a pricing plan. A critically important step in the pricing plan is to select a pricing strategy or combination of pricing strategies to set the price of a product or service. A number of nonparametric statistical tests are available to assist management in the selection of the most suitable pricing strategy, or combination of pricing strategies, when determining the price of a product or service.
The aim of this article is to demonstrate the use of statistical methods in selecting a pricing strategy as part of a comprehensive pricing plan. The article contains an analysis of selected literature, while taking a descriptive and statistical approach to demonstrate the use of statistical methods in selecting a pricing strategy.
|
5 |
Cenová politika na Internetu se zaměřením na cenové agregátory / Pricing Strategies on Internet with Focus on PricebotsPešek, Tomáš January 2011 (has links)
The thesis deals with the impact of Internet features on the behavior of both consumers and online retailers aspiring to apply eligible online pricing and business strategies. Price is considered to be one of the most significant marketing policy factors, the importance of which is in highly competitive online market environment, compared to usual brick and mortar stores, noticeably amended. Online price comparison service delivered to public by so called shopbots/pricebots forced the e-shoppers to pay more attention to their pricing policies and competitors' business conduct. Moreover, shopbots gave to consumers an easily accessible platform for gathering products, services and market offers information. The thesis is divided into five chapters offering a complex insight into the aforementioned issues. With help of both author's own empirical study and other academic papers it points out the price on Internet is variously significant for different price ranges of products. Even though Internet might seem to have the features of perfectly competitive market to some extent, the persistence of price dispersion is indisputable evidence that e-retailers are not successful due to the lowest prices but primarily due to the overall business strategy and the strength of brand perception. This fact has not been changed even after the appearance of shopbots.
|
6 |
A Study of Pricing Strategy of Mobile Telecommunication Service Operators in TaiwanHsiao, Min-Chi 11 July 2001 (has links)
In 1996, the promulgation of the amended Telecommunications Act initiated a series of liberalization in telecommunication industry. From 1998 to 2000, Taiwan had become the most rapid growth area around the world with 130% compound annual growth rate and had marked a milestone with more than 80% of penetration by the end of 2000. This study focuses on the pricing plans offered by the main operators, CHT, TCC and FET, to analyze the pricing strategies and the competition scenarios with one another.
In this study, we, first, gather the pricing plans of the operators and then review the history of the price adjustment. At last, we compare the pricing plans across the boundary of the operators.
From the history of the price adjustment and the market evolution, we realize that the new subscribers encouraged by low prices are mostly low in airtime usages. The operators discriminates these low airtime users more in prices under the consideration of market competition and profit gaining. From reviewing the pricing plans of the operators respectively, we find the existence of ¡§redundant¡¨ pricing plans, which might bring the operators extra income. From comparison of the pricing plans offered by the three main operators, we conclude the three players try to lower the competition strength by charging high in different segments.
|
7 |
The Influence of Pricing Strategy on the Growth of SMEs : A Case Study in LiberiaJackson, Dewah Netta, Ajuro, Ohabuike Joshua January 2023 (has links)
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the economic development of any nation. However, due to various challenges, including government policies, cost of production, competition, and market demand, SMEs often struggle to survive and grow. Pricing strategy is one of the critical factors determining SMEs' success. This study examines the influence of pricing strategy on the growth of SMEs in Liberia. This master's thesis aims to investigate the influence of pricing strategy on the growth of SMEs. In order to investigate the concepts mentioned above, existing literature was reviewed. Following that, a frame of reference was created in order to further investigate these concepts in relation to the case of Liberia. The study adopts a qualitative approach, using a case study design to explore the pricing strategies adopted by SMEs in Liberia and their impact on business growth. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with SME owners and managers in different industries in Liberia. The data collected were analyzed using content analysis to identify common themes and patterns in the responses. The study's findings indicate that pricing strategy significantly impacts the growth of SMEs in Liberia. The study found that SMEs in Liberia adopt various pricing strategies such as cost-plus pricing, value-based pricing, and competition-based Pricing. However, the most effective pricing strategy for SMEs in Liberia is competition-based Pricing. The study also found that other factors, such as cost of production, competition, and market demand, influence the pricing strategy adopted by SMEs in Liberia. Furthermore, the study revealed that SMEs face various challenges in implementing pricing strategies, such as a lack of pricing knowledge and skills, poor understanding of customer needs, and inadequate market research. / Små och medelstora företag (SMF) spelar en avgörande roll i den ekonomiska utvecklingen i alla länder. Men på grund av olika utmaningar, inklusive regeringens politik, produktionskostnader, konkurrens och efterfrågan på marknaden, kämpar små och medelstora företag ofta för att överleva och växa. Prissättningsstrategin är en av de kritiska faktorerna som avgör små och medelstora företags framgång. Denna studie undersöker hur prisstrategin påverkar tillväxten av små och medelstora företag i Liberia. Denna masteruppsats syftar till att undersöka prisstrategins inverkan på tillväxten av små och medelstora företag. För att undersöka de begrepp som nämnts ovan har befintlig litteratur gåtts igenom. Därefter skapades en referensram för att ytterligare undersöka dessa begrepp i relation till fallet Liberia. Studien antar ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt, med en fallstudiedesign för att utforska prissättningsstrategier som antagits av små och medelstora företag i Liberia och deras inverkan på företagstillväxt. Data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med små och medelstora företagsägare och chefer i olika branscher i Liberia. De insamlade uppgifterna analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys för att identifiera gemensamma teman och mönster i svaren. Studiens resultat indikerar att prissättningsstrategin avsevärt påverkar tillväxten av små och medelstora företag i Liberia. Studien fann att små och medelstora företag i Liberia antar olika prissättningsstrategier såsom kostnads-plus-prissättning, värdebaserad prissättning och konkurrensbaserad prissättning. Den mest effektiva prissättningsstrategin för små och medelstora företag i Liberia är dock konkurrensbaserad prissättning.
|
8 |
Pricing Strategy with Reference PricesMassow, Michael 01 1900 (has links)
Price and inventory decisions are key levers of profit for firms. A manager needs
to understand the impacts of pricing, ordering and stocking decisions not only on
today's operations but also on future demand. In this dissertation we investigate
these intertwining decisions by incorporating inter-temporal effects of pricing decisions
through reference prices. We introduce three significant extensions to reference
price models to provide more meaningful insight into pricing, inventory and ordering
decisions. We first present a threshold reference model. The threshold model incorporates zones of insensitivity around expected price that moderate the reference impacts
on demand. This provides a rigourous model that is flexible enough to handle different pricing strategies such as single everyday low pricing (EDLP), high-low pricing
(HiLo) and other general price cycles. We develop two solution approaches and
provide computational results. We next introduce a reference model with stochastic demand. There is considerable previous research supporting the consideration of variability in pricing and inventory decisions and this is especially true in the context of inter-temporal demand
interactions based on pricing decisions. We find that the introduction of stochastic elements can actually increase or decrease the length of the price cycle for some
consumers in a reference model depending on the parameters of the model. This
extends the stochastic demand model and bridges to reference models for improved
managerial insight. The final model presented is the dynamic lot sizing model. When prices and production decisions or order quantities are determined simultaneously the interactions need to be considered to optimize profits. The reference model incorporates
the inter-temporal price effects to provide a clearer picture of the optimal decision.
The inclusion of reference effects does change the optimal decision. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
|
9 |
賣方拍賣策略分析:評價效果 / A Dynamic Analysis of Auction with Reputation Effects黃久晏, Huang,Chiu Yen Unknown Date (has links)
過去認為賣家評價對於價格是正、統計上顯著地影響價格,但是這影響卻不大,我們建立一個模型去解釋是兩種正負關係互相抵消,造成觀察到的結果是很小的情況。具體的說,賣家需要高評價分數去銷售高單價商品,而累積評價分數快速又低成本的方法就是利用低單價商品,利用降低低單價商品價格,讓銷售量增加的更快,銷售量增加快,評價就會增加快速。所以評價對於低價商品是一種負的關係,對於高單價商品才是正的關係。 / It has been recognized empirically that in internet auctions, seller's reputation has a positive, statistically significant, but small impact on the price. We construct a model on internet auctions and delineate this small impact with two opposite forces. To be specific, it needs higher reputation for sellers to sell high-price goods and a cheap way to achieve this objective is to lower the price of low-price goods. By this way one can raise the sale volume of low-price commodities to increase reputation score quickly, which benefits the sale of high-price goods. Therefore, reputation imposes positive impact on prices of "expensive" goods and negative impact on prices of "cheap" ones.
|
10 |
Restructured district heating price models and their impact on district heating usersSong, Jingjing January 2017 (has links)
District heating (DH) is considered to be an efficient, environmentally friendly and cost-effective method for providing heat to buildings, since electricity is usually co-generated in biomass fuelled combined heat and power (CHP) plants. This gives it an important role in the mitigation of climate change. Swedish district heating companies are currently facing multiple challenges, and are in urgent need of new price models to increase transparency and maintain their competitiveness. This thesis describes a survey carried out to understand the structure of the present price models and subsequently proposes and compares two restructured price models with the most commonly used price model. This work also investigates the impact of restructured price models on users who would encounter a significant cost increase if the restructured price models were to be introduced. The district heating costs of different price models are compared with three alternative technical solutions. The results show that price models based on the consumption pattern of users can reflect district heating companies’ cost structure. Meanwhile, adopting a pricing strategy based on users’ consumption patterns increased the incentives to reduce the peak load. Consequently, users with high load factor (flat consecutive load curve) were able to reduce costs whereas users with low load factor (steep consecutive load curve) faced possible cost increases, when the load demand cost was changed to daily or hourly peak demand based methods. Further, the most economically preferable option for the invested district heating user was to combine district heating with direct electrical heating or with a ground source heat pump. / Fjärrvärme anses som ett effektivt, miljövänligt och kostnadseffektivt sätt för att leverera värme eftersom kraftvärme blir vanligare i fjärrvärmesystem, där elektricitet produceras tillsammans med värme. Den spelar en viktig roll i att begränsa klimatförändringen. Svenska fjärrvärme företag står inför flera utmaningar nu för tiden, och är i akut behov av nya prismodeller för att öka öppenheten och behålla konkurrenskraften. I denna avhandling, genomfördes en undersökning för att ta reda på strukturen av de nuvarande prismodellerna. Därefter föreslogs två omstrukturerade prismodeller, vars påverkan på kostnaden av fjärrvärme konsument analyserades jämför med den nuvarande modellen. Detta arbete undersökte också effekten av omstrukturerade prismodeller på konsument som skulle drabbas på signifikant kostnadsökning i samband med införande prismodeller. Kostnaden av fjärrvärme under olika prismodeller har också jämförts med tre olika tekniska lösningar. Resultatet visade att prismodeller som baserar sig på konsuments förbrukningsprofil kunde återspegla fjärrvärme företagens kostnadsstruktur; Samtidigt medförde prissättningsstrategi baserad på användarens förbrukningsprofil högre incitament för att minska spetseffekt. Följaktligen kommer att konsumenter med stabila konsumtionsprofiler att spara kostnader, medan konsumenter med spetsiga konsumtionsprofiler kommer att drabbas av kostnadsökning. Och för den investerade fjärrvärme konsument, den ekonomiska bättre val var att kombinera fjärrvärme med elpanna eller bergvärmepump.
|
Page generated in 0.2739 seconds