Orientador: Rubens Maciel Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T04:56:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Funai_VanessaIto_M.pdf: 4102237 bytes, checksum: 8d66e62cfd559c01f7fb467868147813 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o equacionamento e simulação do processo de polimerização hidrolítica de nylon-6 em um processo semi-batelada a partir do monômero ?-caprolactama e utilizando um terminador de cadeia ácido monofuncional, no caso, o ácido acético. O modelo cinético considerado levou em conta 6 reações, sendo 3 principais, duas reações secundárias que consideram a formação de dímero cíclico no processo e uma de terminação de cadeia. Foram desenvolvidas equações de taxas de reação globais e por componente, balanço de massa das fases líquida e vapor, balanço de energia para o reator e para a jaqueta de resfriamento, transferência de massa e equilíbrio químico. A modelagem matemática levou em conta as duas abordagens mais freqüentemente encontradas na literatura para a polimerização do nylon-6: uma utiliza o método dos momentos para representação da distribuição de peso molecular, enquanto a outra considera as moléculas de polímero como múltiplos grupos funcionais, sendo a modelagem em função desses grupos. Optou-se pelo modelo de contribuição de grupos para a simulação, realizada no simulador de processos Aspen Polymer Plus® e validada a partir de dados experimentais. Por meio de simulação e planejamento experimental, investigou-se a influência da proporção de reagentes na alimentação e das condições operacionais (perfis de pressão e temperatura) com relação à conversão e massa molar média numérica. Essa avaliação é de grande interesse, uma vez que tais condições são necessárias para realizar as diversas etapas da polimerização e possuem significante impacto nas características do produto e, portanto, em suas aplicações. Também foram analisados perfis dinâmicos de diversas variáveis do processo, tais como composição do reator e da saída de vapor, massa molar média, grau de polimerização médio. As simulações a partir do modelo matemático validado mostraram-se importantes por permitir realizar com maior agilidade estudos relacionados ao processo, uma vez que experimentos na planta são demorados e dispendiosos. Os resultados permitiram uma melhor compreensão do processo, o qual é considerado complexo, e podem ser aplicados na otimização do desempenho do reator experimental / Abstract: This work presents the equating and the simulation of the hydrolytic polymerization process of nylon-6 in a lab-scale semi-batch reactor, using ?-caprolactam as monomer and acetic acid as monofunctional acid chain terminator. The kinetic scheme comprises 6 reactions: 3 main reactions, 2 side reactions associated with the cyclic dimer formation and one monofunctional acid termination. Equations for global reaction rates, reaction rates for species, mass balance for liquid and gas phases, energy balance for the reactor and the cooling system, mass transfer model and phase equilibrium model were developed. The mathematical model took into account the two approaches most frequently found in the literature for the nylon-6polymerization. The former uses the method of moments to represent the molecular weight distribution, while the latter considers the polymer molecules as multiple functional groups and the modeling is expressed in terms of these groups. The approach by group contribution was chosen for implementation in Aspen Polymer Plus® process simulator and the validation was performed with experimental data. The influence of the of the effects of the process variables and feed conditions on the e- caprolactam conversion (XCL) and nylon-6 number average molecular weight (MWN) were investigated by using of simulation and experimental design. This evaluation is quite interesting since such profiles are necessary to carry out the several polymerization steps and have a significant impact on product characteristics and therefore in its applications. Have also been studied the dynamic profiles of some process variables, like reactor and vapor composition, average molecular weight and polymerization degree. Since experimental runs are time consuming and expensive, simulations from the validated model showed to be very important, for allowing studies with more agility. The results allowed a better comprehension of the process, which is considered complex, and can be applied for optimization of the performance of the experimental reactor / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Orientador: Fernando José Von Zuben / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T21:18:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Archanjo_GabrielAmbrosio_M.pdf: 1081631 bytes, checksum: e32557df52f7ddfb6df98bdea48e0fe6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Reproduzindo tendências verificadas em outros setores produtivos, métodos para automatizar etapas e reduzir custos têm sido propostos na área de desenvolvimento de software. Entretanto, a etapa mais trabalhosa, a codificação da solução, continua sendo realizada quase que exclusivamente por programadores humanos. Trabalhos na área de geração automática de programas para manipulação de dados têm focado predominantemente na descoberta de conhecimento e extração de padrões de bases de dados estáticas. Porém, para a modelagem de processos que normalmente alteram registros armazenados em bancos de dados, é necessário tratar os dados como entidades dinâmicas. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para indução de programas via programação genética linear. Em termos de funcionalidade, os programas obtidos são capazes de consultar, inserir, excluir e atualizar registros num banco de dados relacional. O intuito é modelar processos de manipulação de informação, presentes em sistemas de tecnologia de informação. Os resultados indicam que a abordagem é capaz de implementar processos simples, gerando programas de computador consistentes e com interpretabilidade comparável à de programas escritos em linguagens de programação tradicionais / Abstract: Reproducing trends observed in other productive branches, methods to automate stages and reduce costs have been proposed for software development. However, perhaps the most laborious step, the computer programming, is generally performed entirely by human programmers. Works in the field of automated generation of computer programs for data manipulation have been focused almost exclusively on knowledge discovery and pattern extraction in static datasets. Nevertheless, in the case of modeling processes that usually alter objects stored in databases, it is necessary to handle the dataset as dynamic entities. This work proposes an approach for program induction based on linear genetic programming. In terms of functionality, the obtained programs are able to query, delete, insert and update records stored in a relational database. The aim is to model processes for data manipulation, present in information technology systems. The results indicate that the proposed approach can implement simple processes, generating consistent programs as interpretable as the ones written in traditional programming languages / Mestrado / Engenharia de Computação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Luz Lisboa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T22:08:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo_LilianePimentade_M.pdf: 2065230 bytes, checksum: 66e96790b65d4144223056979c84a2f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O xisto é uma rocha betuminosa sedimentar rica em querogênio, a qual pode ser extraída sob a forma de óleo e gás, hidrocarbonetos com aplicação similares a dos produtos derivados do petróleo. A etapa industrial do processamento do xisto que demanda maiores investimentos é a extração da matéria orgânica da rocha por aquecimento (pirólise) em um equipamento denominado retorta, contendo o gás de pirólise. A descrição das trocas de calor entre as partículas de rocha e o gás leito de pirólise pode ser avaliada por modelos matemáticos e numéricos. Nesse contexto, a proposta do trabalho foi elaborar e solucionar um modelo matemático que descreve o gradiente térmico no interior das partículas de xisto e do gás nas fases de troca de calor dentro da retorta. Os dados para a elaboração do modelo foram obtidos na usina comercial de xisto da Petrobrás. Consideram-se as propriedades físicas da partícula, tais como calor específico, condutividade térmica e o coeficiente de transferência de calor. Verificam-se também os balanços de energia no reator. Com o resultado do modelo para o balanço térmico no reator considerando gradiente de temperatura no interior das partículas foi possível observar como ocorre a influência da temperatura do gás no perfil de temperatura da partícula / Abstract: Shale is a sedimentary rock rich in kerogen, organic complex mixture which can be extracted in the form of oil and gas. Industrial shale processing description is based models representing the heat transfer in drying, heating and pyrolysis. The extraction of organic matter from rock by heating (pyrolysis) is a great investment on industrial process. The condition of the rock particles along the retort, which occurs the extraction, can be assessed by mathematical and numerical models. In this context, the purpose of this study was to develop and solve a mathematical model that describes the thermal gradient inside the particles of shale and gas in the retort. Data for developing the model were obtained from Petrobras. It was considered the physical properties of the particle, such as specific heat, density, thermal conductivity and coefficient of heat transfer. There are also the energy balances in the reactor. Model results for the heat balance in the reactor considering temperature gradient within the particles shows the influence of the gas temperature in the temperature profile of the particle / Mestrado / Engenharia de Processos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

[pt] Transparência tem sido por tempos um anseio das sociedades democráticas. O direito de ser informado e de ter acesso à informação tem sido um problema importante nas sociedades modernas. A demanda por verdades baseadas na transparência tem aumentado no contexto das transformações globais. A importância da abertura do fluxo de informações está criando uma sociedade aberta na qual o objetivo é o estabelecimento de uma sociedade democrática com cidadãos engajados capazes de entender e acessar as informações disponíveis (Holzner, 2006). Entretanto, não é suficiente para uma organização desejar ser transparente. As organizações precisam saber o que é transparência e como elas podem inserir este conceito no seu negócio. Esta tese define transparência e a forma de aplicá-la aos processos de negócio utilizando-os como meio de explicitar a transparência dentro de organizações. Para isso, propõe uma abordagem orientada a aspectos que permita introduzir características de transparência nos processos organizacionais através da construção de políticas e padrões, e da inserção de elementos nos modelos de processos organizacionais com uso de um catálogo de transparência. Para validar a proposta da definição de transparência, foi conduzida uma análise de processos organizacionais através de dois levantamentos utilizando questionários. Para a validação da abordagem proposta, foi realizado um estudo de caso a partir de processos de negócio de uma organização real. Este estudo de caso permitiu a obtenção de alguns resultados preliminares sobre a aplicabilidade e viabilidade do uso desta abordagem. / [en] Transparency has been a desire of democratic societies for a long time. The right to be informed and have access to information has been a major problem in modern societies. The demand for truth based on transparency has increased in the context of global change. The importance of openness in the flow of information is creating an open society in which the very idea is to establish a democratic society with engaged citizens able to understand and use the information that is accessible to them (Holzner, 2006). However, it is not sufficient for an organization to wish to be transparent. Organizations need to know what transparency is and how they can apply this concept to their business. This thesis defines transparency and a way of using it in business processes, using these processes as a means of making explicit the transparency within organizations. An aspect oriented approach is proposed in order to allow the introduction of transparency characteristics into business processes. Policies and standards are proposed as well as a technique for inserting new elements into the business processes using a transparency catalog. In order to validate the proposed definition of transparency, an analysis of organizational processes, using two surveys, was performed. A case study, using the business processes from of a real organization, was performed to validate the proposed approach. This case study produced some preliminary results on the applicability and feasibility of using this approach.

Context. Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) are information systems that manage manufacturing processes in factories. The execution of MES processes requires non-enterprise integration, which integrates MES applications, services, and automation systems within the factories. Objectives. We aim at developing a modeling approach that can be used to represent and execute MES processes. Having such an approach would help MES vendors to reduce the development cost to reconfigure systems, in order to achieve better business flexibility. Methods. In order to understand the state of the art of manufacturing modeling techniques, we perform a systematic literature review (SLR) in scientific article sources, including IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Compendex, Inspec, and Springer Link. In consideration of the criteria in modeling and executing MES processes, we evaluate the selected process modeling techniques. Based on the result of evaluation, we propose a three-view-based approach to support process execution. We develop a prototype to prove that an MES process can be executed by following our approach. We also conduct semi-structured interviews in industry to validate whether our proposed approach achieves the objectives. Results. In the SLR, 24 primary studies are selected. Our analysis reveals that existing modeling techniques have limitations to enable process execution. To overcome the limitation, we propose a three-view-based approach, which has an MES process view, an abstract plant view to represent the structure of technical systems, and a mapping view to enable the communication between MES tasks and the technical systems. We develop a prototype as the implementation of our approach, which comprises: a graphical editor for the abstract plant view, a generator of message routes for the mapping view, and a typical MES process to be executed in the context of a warehouse management system. The semi-structured interviews we conducted with three industrial experts show positive feedback to use and generalize our approach in industry, in case comprehensive tools can be established. Conclusions. Compared to the existing modeling techniques, the three-view-based approach is specifically tailored toward process execution. Based on the feedback from industry, we conclude that applying our approach provides the possibility to achieve better reconfigurability and flexibility of MES.

Context. The quality of business process models is important in the area of model-based software development. The overall goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a model for assessing the quality of models (Process Diagrams) in Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). The model was an instantiation of the developed metamodel that adopt ISO/IEC 1926. Objectives. The objectives of the thesis were to propose, implement and evaluate a model for quality assessment of business process models in BPMN. The model was intended to help practitioners to check the quality of their BPMN models and provide meaningful feedback on whether the business process models are of good or bad quality. First objective was to develop a metamodel of models for quality assessment of business process models in BPMN, and later the model that in an instantiation of the metamodel. Within the model, the objectives were to propose the relevant quality characteristics, quality metrics, quality criteria and quality functions. Finally, usefulness of model for quality assessment of business process models in BPMN was to be evaluated. Methods. The methodology was driven by essential elements of the model for quality assessment of business process models in BPMN. This is: quality characteristics, quality metrics, quality criteria and quality functions. In the beginning the metamodel of the model was developed based on the ISO/IEC 1926 standard. Later, in order to identify quality characteristics of models existing in the literature, a systematic literature review was conducted. Quality characteristics explicitly relevant to BPMN were compared against each other and selected. Overlapping quality characteristics relevant to BPMN were merged. Next, in order to obtain quality metrics that measure aspects of models of business processes, a literature review was carried out. The literature review was restricted by a proposed set of selection criteria. The criteria were questions that every relevant literature describing quality metrics must affirmatively answer in order to identify only metrics that were able to be assigned to identify quality characteristics. If the chosen quality metrics needed to be changed or adjusted for the sake of better results, the author added changes or adjustments and provided rationale for them. Next, in order to obtain quality criteria, values of the quality metrics were gathered through measuring a repository of BPMN models. The repository was gathered as a preparatory work for the thesis and it consisted of models of varying quality. Manual measurement of quality metrics for each BPMN model from the repository could not be done within a reasonable amount of time. Therefore, a tool to automatically calculate metrics for BPMN models was implemented. The quality criteria were proposed based on the results from interpretation of the values using statistical analysis. Later, quality functions that aggregate values of the metrics were proposed. The complete model was next integrated into the tool so that it could assess a quality of real BPMN models. Finally, the model for assessing the quality of business process models in BPMN was evaluated for usefulness through a survey and survey-based experiment. Results. A metamodel of models for quality assessment of business process models in BPMN was proposed. A model for the quality assessment of models in BPMN was proposed and evaluated for usefulness. Initial sets of quality characteristics of models were found in the literature and quality characteristics that were relevant to BPMN were extracted. Quality metrics that measure aspects of models were found and adjusted to the BPMN notation. Quality criteria that state how values of quality metrics can be classified as good or bad were provided. Quality functions that state if quality characteristics are good or bad for a chosen BPMN model were provided. Finally, a tool that implements the model for quality assessment of models in BPMN was created. Conclusions. The results of the survey and survey-based experiment showed that the proposed model for quality assessment of models in BPMN works in most cases and is needed in general. Additionally, the elements of the model which should be corrected were identified. Contacted users of BPMN expressed a will to use the suggested tool associated with the model for quality assessment of business process models in BPMN.

[pt] Uma das principais questões dos profissionais de saúde é como aprimorar a qualidade do tratamento oferecido aos pacientes. Problemas relacionados à qualidade e altos custos nos serviços de saúde são observados não somente no Brasil, mas também em países desenvolvidos. A grande variação no processo de tratamento de uma determinada doença pode gerar erros médicos, uso excessivo de recursos e sofrimento desnecessário aos pacientes. Por esse motivo, atualmente muitas instituições ao redor do mundo desenvolvem diretrizes clínicas baseadas em evidências, com recomendações para o tratamento de diversas doenças. A utilização de diretrizes clínicas pode reduzir a variabilidade no processo de tratamento e trazer benefícios como redução da mortalidade e redução de custos. No entanto, existe uma grande dificuldade para implementação destas diretrizes. Normalmente escritas por médicos, estes documentos são de difícil leitura para não-médicos, que tem um papel importante em sua implementação, como desenvolvedores de sistema e administradores. Esta dissertação propõe um método para transformar diretrizes clínicas em um modelo de processo conceitual que possa ser implementado num software. O método proposto facilita a leitura e entendimento das recomendações presentes nestas diretrizes. A transformação das recomendações em informações de processo facilita a implantação das diretrizes em qualquer departamento hospitalar. Além disto, o método permite a comparação de recomendações propostas em diferentes publicações de diretrizes clínicas. O método proposto foi aplicado no processo de diagnóstico e tratamento da Sepse. A Sepse é uma condição grave que acomete milhões de pessoas por ano no mundo, com altos índices de mortalidade. A rapidez na identificação dos sintomas e início do tratamento adequado aumenta significativamente a probabilidade de sobrevivência. A intenção do método proposto nesta dissertação é aumentar a utilização de diretrizes clinicas de Sepse em hospitais. O modelo de processo conceitual apresentado no método será utilizado no desenvolvimento de uma solução tecnológica real para suportar o processo de identificação e tratamento da Sepse em hospitais. Este modelo foi construído com base na revisão da literatura de Sepse e no estudo de caso realizado em um hospital de grande porte no Brasil. O modelo desenvolvido foi validado por médicos durante o estudo de caso e por uma equipe de especialistas em desenvolvimento de sistemas hospitalares. / [en] One of the main issues for health professionals is how to improve the quality of care offered to patients. Problems related to healthcare quality and high costs are observed not only in Brazil but also in developed countries. The wide variation in a particular disease treatment process can lead to medical errors, overuse of resources and unnecessary patient suffering. Therefore, nowadays many institutions around the world are developing clinical evidence-based guidelines with recommendations for the treatment of several diseases. However, there is a great difficulty to implement these guidelines. Usually written by doctors, these documents are difficult to read by non-physicians, who play an important role in its implementation, such as system developers and administrators. This master thesis proposes a method to transform clinical guidelines in a conceptual process model that can be implemented in a software. The method facilitates the reading and understanding of these guidelines recommendations. The transformation of guidelines recommendations in process information facilitates its implementation in any hospital department. The proposed method was applied for the Sepsis diagnosis and treatment process. The conceptual process model designed in this Master Thesis will be used in the development of a Clinical Pathway technological solution for Sepsis treatment. Sepsis is a serious medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide each year, with high mortality rates. The early recognition of its symptoms and proper treatment significantly increases the survival probability. The intent behind the proposed method in this thesis is to increase the use of clinical guidelines for Sepsis in hospitals.

The theme of this thesis is a process analysis of the Prague Congress Centre. The purpose of diploma work is to propose more effective running of processes in the company. The theoretical part focuses on business processes, process analysis and graphical languages. Another part deals with company's reservation system and analyzes typical characteristics of reservation systems. The main focus of the thesis is on process analysis of Prague Congress Centre, Inc. Current situation is analyzed and more effective operations which run through the whole company are proposed and evaluated. The emphasis is put on differences evaluation between present and proposed situation and suggestion for change. Another part deals with gaps detection in reservation system which is closely connected with chosen analyzed processes. These gaps, up to certain stage, do not allow effective running of chosen processes.

This Master's thesis focuses on modeling of business processes in public administration sector. The main objective of this study is to compare the ability of selected modeling languages to capture aspects, which are typical for processes in public administration. This objective is reached by elaboration of theoretical part where the terms public administration and business process are defined. Processes are described by their typical characteristic for public government. Based on these characteristics, suitable process is chosen, ana-lyzed and modeled using selected modeling languages. Created business process diagrams are compared and the suitability of all languages is discussed. The work also discusses the importance of process modeling, relation with eGovernment and briefly summarizes the current situation in the Czech Republic and abroad, including its comparison.

This thesis is focused on company process management. The aim is to describe the operation and management of a particular company, through defining yet undescribed processes, so as to enable operational improvements and organizational development by its application. The intention is, however, also to find the customary processes and to achieve such a general approach that it can be possible to use the created models for other subjects. The object of thesis is not to model vast and complex diagrams, but to clarify unclear places in company. For example, the distribution of activity in multiple portions, between multiple processes, so that the output is a clear representation of the organisation process map. Company management is a topic that is currently very popular and addressed by many authors in various texts. Every day there are new approaches and methods created in order to face this topic, and to achieve high efficiency. Due to the quantum of works is not easy to choose the ideal approach. It is also important to realize that not every organization can be satisfied with each methodology. This thesis is divided into chapters. The introduction provides the objectives of the work and there are mentioned hypotheses which are discussed in Chapter Five. One hypothesis is focused on the exercise of the MMABP methodology, and asks questions that lead to discussion whether the use of the methodology leads to the creation of ideal and generally adaptable processes. The second chapter describes the methodological approach and familiarize the reader with the modelled project. The third chapter is dedicated to the global process map. The fourth chapter focuses on individual processes. It is followed by discussion and conclusions in the fifth and sixth chapter, commenting outputs of this work.